Characterization of a Newly Designed Test Bench for Investigations of Flame-Wall-Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahand Dalshad ◽  
Tobias Sander ◽  
Michael Pfitzner
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
First Results ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Near Wall

Abstract For the thermal design of combustion chambers and turbine blades in jet engines, a detailed knowledge of the combustion and of the heat loads to the walls is necessary. In general, high operating temperatures and reduced combustor size are striven for in order to increase engine efficiency and reduce weight. Consequently, the components are exposed to temperatures above the melting point of the materials and there is a growing risk of incomplete combustion within the combustion chambers. To study these effects, we set up a new test bench for fundamental investigation of chemical near-wall reactions at atmospheric pressure. First results of gaseous, non-premixed near-wall CH4/air and H2/air flames are presented. Optical methods such as two-line laser-induced fluorescence thermometry and OH* chemiluminescence were applied. Further, the heat release to the wall was determined by means of inverse heat conduction calculation using the data of implemented thermocouples.

Characterization of a Newly Designed Test Bench for Investigations of Flame-Wall-Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahand Dalshad ◽  
Tobias Sander ◽  
Michael Pfitzner
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Wall Interaction ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Near Wall

Abstract For the thermal design of combustion chambers and turbine blades in jet engines, a detailed knowledge of the combustion and of the heat loads to the walls is necessary. In general, high operating temperatures and reduced combustor size are striven for in order to increase engine efficiency and reduce weight. Consequently, the components are exposed to temperatures above the melting point of the materials and there is a growing risk of in-complete combustion within the combustion chambers. To study these effects, we set up a new test bench for fundamental investigation of chemical near-wall reactions at atmospheric pressure. First results of gaseous, non-premixed near-wall CH4/air and H2/air flames are presented. Optical methods such as two-line laser-induced fluorescence themometry and OH* chemiluminescence were applied. Further, the heat release to the wall was determined by means of inverse heat conduction calculation using the data of implemented thermocouples.

scholarly journals Thermal design methodology to hybrid manufacturing process of high performance thermoplastics composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes Rodriguez ◽  
Xavier Tardif ◽  
Jean-Luc Bailleul ◽  
Nadine Allanic ◽  
Vincent Sobotka
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Hybrid Manufacturing ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
First Results ◽  
Gradient Based ◽  
Set Up

Thermal analysis plays a key role in the design of hybrid manufacturing processes of High-Performance Thermoplastic Composites (HP-TPC) parts. Indeed, an inadequate temperature distribution, during the transformation of these materials, could not only lead to mechanical and surface defects but also to inefficient energy consumption. These problems become difficult to avoid with the interaction of different materials within the part, and also with the influence of subsequent stages on the process. To overcome this challenge, the methodology proposed in this work aims to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of the heat sources that must be applied at each sequential stage of a process to reach a thermal objective within the part. The methodology is based on the concept of conformal cooling [1]. A surface enveloping the part is created [2]. Once a computational model is set up, the optimization problem is treated as an inverse problem subjected to constraints that depend on the process response in terms of temperature cycles. Thus, it requires the calculation of the direct problem, the adjoint-state solution, and the development of the sensitivity equations to implement a first-order gradient-based algorithm. As an application example, a thermo-stamping of HP-TPC with a metal insert followed by an over-molding process has been chosen because of the different stages and materials involved. The first results show a reduction of temperature gradients on the part surface at each stage while arriving at the established temperature level. Further analysis will include a constraint problem taking into account adhesion and/or energy criteria.

Investigation of cluster layers of small netal particles by TEM, SEM, EELS and by photoacoustic spectroscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
H. Seiler ◽  
U. Haas ◽  
K.H. Körtje
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Material ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Plasmon Excitation ◽  
First Results ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Small Metal Particles

The physical properties of small metal particles reveal an intermediate position between atomic and bulk material. Especially Ag has shown pronounced size effects. We compared silver layers evaporated in high vacuum with cluster layers of small silver particles, evaporated in N2 at a pressure of about 102 Pa. The investigations were performed by electron optical methods (TEM, SEM, EELS) and by Photoacoustic (PA) Spectroscopy (gas-microphone detection).The observation of cluster layers with TEM and high resolution SEM show small silver particles with diameters of about 50 nm (Fig. 1 and Figure 2, respectively). The electron diffraction patterns of homogeneous Ag layers and of cluster layers are similar, whereas the low loss EELS spectra due to plasmon excitation are quite different. Fig. 3 and Figure 4 show first results of EELS spectra of a cluster layer of small silver particles on carbon foil and of a homogeneous Ag layer, respectively.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Pan/Tilt Camera for Thorax Interventions – Design and first results

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-519
Author(s):  
Alexander Mrokon ◽  
Peter P. Pott ◽  
Volker Steger
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
First Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Future Work

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery in some cases suffers from a limited view because certain areas are obscured by others. In this paper, a system is described, which can be used in minimally invasive procedures as an addition to a standard endoscope to improve the range of view. Through FEM simulation a magnetic circuit was designed to position the camera head. Subsequently, a camera positioning system was set up that includes an extracorporeal and an intracorporeal unit. The first controls the intracorporeal system. The latter has a camera inclination angle of up to 65° and an additional vertically downward viewing angle when aligned in parallel (inclination angle 0°). The panning angle is 360°. The camera system was evaluated in lab and cadaver trials. It has been found that the size of the intracorporeal system (16 × 10 × 150 mm) represents a major problem. Future work will focus of the reduction of the system’s size, the improvement of the camera image quality, and design changes considering mechanical stability.

The Possibility of Visualizing Temperature Fields Using Digital Holographic Interferometry

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 988-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Vít ◽  
Vít Lédl ◽  
Roman Dolecek ◽  
Pavel Psota
Keyword(s):  
Holographic Interferometry ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
First Results

The presented paper compares results of measured temperature fields achieved by digital holographic interferometry (DHI) and hot wire anemometry. It shows the possibility of using holographic interferometry for the visualization of temperature fields in periodically moving fluids. The measurement of temperature fields in moving fluids has many inherent difficulties. The usage of point temperature measurement methods, such as Constant Current Anemometry (CCA), is limited to frequencies up to 3000 Hz. This frequency should be the limiting factor for using CCA in fluids when a rapid change of temperature occurs. This shortcoming of CCA measurements could be overcome through the use of optical methods such as digital holographic interferometry. It is necessary to employ a special holographic setup with double sensitivity instead of the commonly used Mach-Zehnder type of holographic interferometer in order to attain parameters sufficient for the studied case. This setup is not as light-efficient as the Mach-Zehnder type but has double sensitivity. The special technique of acquiring and phase averaging the results from holographic interferometry is presented. The paper also shows the first results of an evaluated 3D temperature field.

scholarly journals Characterization of High-Power Turbomachinery Tilting Pad Journal Bearings: First Results Obtained on a Novel Test Bench

Lubricants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Ciulli ◽  
Paola Forte ◽  
Mirko Libraschi ◽  
Lorenzo Naldi ◽  
Matteo Nuti
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
Tilting Pad ◽  
First Results ◽  
Tilting Pad Journal Bearings

scholarly journals Aero-Thermal Design and Testing of Advanced Turbine Blades

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Haendler ◽  
D. Raake ◽  
M. Scheurlen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Optical Pyrometer ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Improved Performance

Based on the experience gained with more than 80 machines operating worldwide in 50 and 60 Hz electrical systems respectively, Siemens has developed a new generation of advanced gas turbines which yield substantially improved performance at a higher output level. This “3A-Series” comprises three gas turbine models ranging from 70 MW to 240 MW for 50 Hz and 60 Hz power generation applications. The first of the new advanced gas turbines with 170 MW and 3600 rpm was tested in the Berlin factory test facility under the full range of operation conditions. It was equipped with various measurement systems to monitor pressures, gas and metal temperatures, clearances, strains, vibrations and exhaust emissions. This paper presents the aero-thermal design procedure of the highly thermal loaded film cooled first stage blading. The predictions are compared with the extensive optical pyrometer measurements taken at the Siemens test facility on the V84.3A machine under full load conditions. The pyrometer was inserted at several locations in the turbine and radially moved giving a complete surface temperature information of the first stage vanes and blades.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing density and nitrogen top-dress fertilisation on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in a Mediterranean environment: first results

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Bochicchio ◽  
Roberta Rossi ◽  
Rosanna Labella ◽  
Giovanni Bitella ◽  
Michele Perniola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Area Index ◽  
First Results ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Set Up

The demand for sources of nutraceuticals has led to the rediscovery and diffusion of traditional crops such as chia (<em>Salvia hispanica</em> L.), whose leaves and fruits are rich in W3 fatty acids and anti-oxidants. Chia originates in Central America but it is rapidly expanding to new areas. A field experiment conducted at Atella in Basilicata (Southern Italy) was set up to test the response of chia to N top-dress fertilisation (0 and 20 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>) and to sowing density (D1=125, D2=25, D3=8 and D4=4 plants m<sup>–2</sup>) in a split-plot design with three replications. First results show maximum leaf area index values up to 7.1 and fresh vegetative biomass production at early flowering ranging between 50.87 (D4) and 59.71 (D1) t ha<sup>–1</sup>. Yield increased with plant density: a significantly (P&lt;0.01) higher production (398 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>) was reached in D1. N top-dressing had a detrimental effect on yield and corresponded to higher lodging and lower maturation percentage of seeds, though non-significant. Based on our first results it seems worthwhile to continue agronomical trials for chia in herbaceous systems of southern Italy for leaf production based on traditional genotypes, while fruit production might be pursued by adopting high sowing density and the search for longer-day genotypes.

scholarly journals FIRST STEPS TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED CITYGML-BASED 3D MODEL OF VIENNA

2016 ◽  
Vol III-4 ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Agugiaro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D City Model ◽  
First Results ◽  
Sustainable Energy Systems ◽  
City Model ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
City Models

This paper presents and discusses the results regarding the initial steps (selection, analysis, preparation and eventual integration of a number of datasets) for the creation of an integrated, semantic, three-dimensional, and CityGML-based virtual model of the city of Vienna. CityGML is an international standard conceived specifically as information and data model for semantic city models at urban and territorial scale. It is being adopted by more and more cities all over the world. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The work described in this paper is embedded within the European Marie-Curie ITN project “Ci-nergy, Smart cities with sustainable energy systems”, which aims, among the rest, at developing urban decision making and operational optimisation software tools to minimise non-renewable energy use in cities. Given the scope and scale of the project, it is therefore vital to set up a common, unique and spatio-semantically coherent urban model to be used as information hub for all applications being developed. This paper reports about the experiences done so far, it describes the test area and the available data sources, it shows and exemplifies the data integration issues, the strategies developed to solve them in order to obtain the integrated 3D city model. The first results as well as some comments about their quality and limitations are presented, together with the discussion regarding the next steps and some planned improvements.

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