VEMERS UC: A Clinically Validated Emergency Mechanical Ventilator for Covid-19 and Post Pandemic Use in Low Resource Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano E. Chiang ◽  
Felipe Castro Niklitschek
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Industrial Markets ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Technical Features

Abstract In this article we present a clinically validated invasive emergency mechanical ventilator developed in Chile called VEMERS UC. It has been clinically tested and validated in intubated Covid19 patients. Once the pandemic hit Chilean soil in March 2020, it was clear that the number of mechanical ventilators available would not be enough. As in other parts of the world many initiatives sprung, most of them naively simple. Chilean medical societies joined engineering specialists and agreed early on in an organized and regulated open process for validating emergency mechanical ventilators, thus allowing for rapid development but with the required functionality, reliability, and safety features. VEMERS UC was one of few that completed successfully all stages of the validating process, the final test being on five critically-ill intubated COVID-19 patients for eight hours each. VEMERS UC is based on an electro-pneumatic circuit architecture and its components are all low cost, off-the-shelf pneumatic and electronic products easily obtained in industrial markets. It works in continuous mandatory volume control mode. The novel technical features of VEMERS UC are discussed here as well as the results obtained in each stage of the validating process. The validating process carried out in Chile is noteworthy by itself, and it could be used as an example in other developing countries. Furthermore, VEMERS UC can be used as a guiding design reference in other countries as well, since this design has already been thoroughly tested in human patients and has proven to work successfully.

scholarly journals Design and Prototyping of a Low-Cost Portable Mechanical Ventilator

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Mohsen Al Husseini ◽  
Heon Ju Lee ◽  
Justin Negrete ◽  
Stephen Powelson ◽  
Amelia Tepper Servi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Expiration Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly

This paper describes the design and prototyping of a low-cost portable mechanical ventilator for use in mass casualty cases and resource-poor environments. The ventilator delivers breaths by compressing a conventional bag-valve mask (BVM) with a pivoting cam arm, eliminating the need for a human operator for the BVM. An initial prototype was built out of acrylic, measuring 11.25×6.7×8 in.3 and weighing 9 lbs. It is driven by an electric motor powered by a 14.8 VDC battery and features an adjustable tidal volume up to a maximum of 750 ml. Tidal volume and number of breaths per minute are set via user-friendly input knobs. The prototype also features an assist-control mode and an alarm to indicate overpressurization of the system. Future iterations of the device will include a controllable inspiration to expiration time ratio, a pressure relief valve, PEEP capabilities, and an LCD screen. With a prototyping cost of only $420, the bulk-manufacturing price for the ventilator is estimated to be less than $200. Through this prototype, the strategy of cam-actuated BVM compression is proven to be a viable option to achieve low-cost, low-power portable ventilator technology that provides essential ventilator features at a fraction of the cost of existing technology.

scholarly journals 10D: Feasibility Study of a Novel Low-cost Brazilian Emergency Mechanical Ventilator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Adrian Prync Flato ◽  
Patricia C. dos Santos ◽  
Fábio Manhoso ◽  
Fernanda Mesquita Serva ◽  
Jeferson Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Group I ◽  
Emergency Transport ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background: The current need for pulmonary mechanical ventilation related to COVID-19 exceeds the ability of health systems worldwide to acquire and produce mechanical ventilators. The major cause of mortality in patients with this disease is hypoxemia secondary to an inflammatory storm in the lungs associated with thrombotic events. A partnership was established between the university and the private engineering and industrial automation sector to concept and design novel a low-cost emergency mechanical ventilator that could be rapidly available for use in emergency, transport or low-resource health care system, and attend the urgent demand of artificial respiratory system that is need worldwide. It was evaluated the viability of oxygenation and pulmonary ventilation with an emergency mechanical ventilation device called 10D-EMV in animal experiments. A two-stage sequential adaptive study was conducted in 10 sheep, divided into group I (PEEP valve close to the device) and group II (PEEP valve distal to the device). Each animal underwent mechanical ventilation for a total of 120 minutes. Results: The mean oxygenation in group I and group II were 368 mmHg and 366 mmHg, respectively, while the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 58 mmHg and 48 mmHg. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the viability of the 10D device as a novel proposed emergency mechanical ventilator, in order to attend the pandemics demand. Further clinical studies in humans are needed to assess its safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals Low-Cost, Open-Source Mechanical Ventilator with Pulmonary Monitoring for COVID-19 Patients

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Leonardo Acho ◽  
Alessandro N. Vargas ◽  
Gisela Pujol-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Inspiratory Limb ◽  
Potential Benefits

This paper shows the construction of a low-cost, open-source mechanical ventilator. The motivation for constructing this kind of ventilator comes from the worldwide shortage of mechanical ventilators for treating COVID-19 patients—the COVID-19 pandemic has been striking hard in some regions, especially the deprived ones. Constructing a low-cost, open-source mechanical ventilator aims to mitigate the effects of this shortage on those regions. The equipment documented here employs commercial spare parts only. This paper also shows a numerical method for monitoring the patients’ pulmonary condition. The method considers pressure measurements from the inspiratory limb and alerts clinicians in real-time whether the patient is under a healthy or unhealthy situation. Experiments carried out in the laboratory that had emulated healthy and unhealthy patients illustrate the potential benefits of the derived mechanical ventilator.

scholarly journals ATENA–A Novel Rapidly Manufactured Medical Invasive Ventilator Designed as a Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Testing Protocol, Safety, and Performance Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Rebelo ◽  
Elizabete Neutel ◽  
Eurico Castro Alves ◽  
Francisco Barros ◽  
Hélder Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Testing Protocol ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Validation

Background: The urgent need for mechanical ventilators to support respiratory insufficiency due to SARS-CoV-2 led to a worldwide effort to develop low-cost, easily assembled, and locally manufactured ventilators. The ATENA ventilator project was developed in a community-based approach targeting the development, prototyping, testing, and decentralized manufacturing of a new mechanical ventilator.Objective: This article aims to demonstrate ATENA's adequate performance and safety for clinical use.Material: ATENA is a low-cost ventilator that can be rapidly manufactured, easily assembled, and locally produced anywhere in the world. It was developed following the guidelines and requirements provided by European and International Regulatory Authorities (MHRA, ISO 86201) and National Authorities (INFARMED). The device was thoroughly tested using laboratory lung simulators and animal models.Results: The device meets all the regulatory requirements for pandemic ventilators. Additionally, the pre-clinical experiences demonstrated security and adequate ventilation and oxygenation, in vivo.Conclusion: The ATENA ventilator had a good performance in required tests in laboratory scenarios and pre-clinical studies. In a pandemic context, ATENA is perfectly suited for safely treating patients in need of mechanical ventilation.

scholarly journals Systematic Design, Control and Parametric Testing of an Automated Resuscitator Bag Mechanical Ventilator

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Cosima du Pasquier ◽  
Lukas Hewing ◽  
Nicola Steffen ◽  
Thomas S. Lumpe ◽  
Nikolaos Tatchatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Time In Literature ◽  
Parametric Testing ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract The COVID-19 crisis has revealed and exacerbated a shortage of mechanical ventilators in hospitals around the world, regardless of their government's resources. Where some countries can respond to the situation by ordering more high-end ventilators, the price is often too high for Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and securing them can be difficult. The goal of this work is to design, prototype, and test a low-cost ventilator based on the automated compression of a resuscitator bag. A holistic and systematic design approach is taken to create a compact and adaptable device that can safely meet the current requirements. This is achieved by using 72% standard parts and prioritizing compactness in the mechanical design. The control system is developed to provide both continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) and spontaneous breathing support, or Assist Control (AC), which significantly extends the potential use cases beyond patient sedation. The prototype is tested for accuracy, modularity, and oxygen response using a full physiological artificial lung. The results show for the first time in literature that the design operates within the defined requirements, based on emergency government regulations, and can be used with different sizes of resuscitator bags and different positions of the flow sensor. This provides a sound basis for further development of a low-cost, portable mechanical ventilator for potential use in LMICs.

scholarly journals A Multi-Loop Vehicle-Counting Method under Gray Mode and RGB Mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6831
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Available Information

With the rapid development of road traffic, real-time vehicle counting is very important in the construction of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Compared with traditional technologies, the video-based method for vehicle counting shows great importance and huge advantages in its low cost, high efficiency, and flexibility. However, many methods find difficulty in balancing the accuracy and complexity of the algorithm. For example, compared with traditional and simple methods, deep learning methods may achieve higher precision, but they also greatly increase the complexity of the algorithm. In addition to that, most of the methods only work under one mode of color, which is a waste of available information. Considering the above, a multi-loop vehicle-counting method under gray mode and RGB mode was proposed in this paper. Under gray and RGB modes, the moving vehicle can be detected more completely; with the help of multiple loops, vehicle counting could better deal with different influencing factors, such as driving behavior, traffic environment, shooting angle, etc. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to count vehicles with more than 98.5% accuracy while dealing with different road scenes.

scholarly journals Low cost volume sensors for mechanical ventilators

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1089
Author(s):  
CAIO ARAUJO DAMASCENO ◽  
AYLSON LOPES LEAL ◽  
GABRYEL FIGUEIREDO SOARES ◽  
GUSTAVO RETUCI PINHEIRO ◽  
LUAN DA SILVA BEZERRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators

scholarly journals Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high-performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehe Liu ◽  
Andrew M. Rollins ◽  
Richard M. Levenson ◽  
Farzad Fereidouni ◽  
Michael W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Optical Configuration ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSmartphone microscopes can be useful tools for a broad range of imaging applications. This manuscript demonstrates the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone. It enables high-quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10× equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable, and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.

scholarly journals Computational Fluidic Modeling of a Low‐Cost Fluidic Oscillator for Conversion of a CPAP Machine into an Emergency Use Mechanical Ventilator

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000112
Author(s):  
Tom Dillon ◽  
Caglar Ozturk ◽  
Keegan Mendez ◽  
Luca Rosalia ◽  
Samuel Dutra Gollob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Fluidic Oscillator

scholarly journals Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus X4-like accessory protein

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Ayodeji Durojaye ◽  
Nkwachukwu Oziamara Okoro ◽  
Arome Solomon Odiba
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Protein A ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
A Value ◽  
Model Protein ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Global Threat

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is currently a global threat to health and economies. Therapeutics and vaccines are in rapid development; however, none of these therapeutics are considered as absolute cure, and the potential to mutate makes it necessary to find therapeutics that target a highly conserved regions of the viral structure. Results In this study, we characterized an essential but poorly understood coronavirus accessory X4 protein, a core and stable component of the SARS-CoV family. Sequence analysis shows a conserved ~ 90% identity between the SARS-CoV-2 and previously characterized X4 protein in the database. QMEAN Z score of the model protein shows a value of around 0.5, within the acceptable range 0–1. A MolProbity score of 2.96 was obtained for the model protein and indicates a good quality model. The model has Ramachandran values of φ = − 57o and ψ = − 47o for α-helices and values of φ = − 130o and ψ = + 140o for twisted sheets. Conclusions The protein data obtained from this study provides robust information for further in vitro and in vivo experiment, targeted at devising therapeutics against the virus. Phylogenetic analysis further supports previous evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 is positioned with the SL-CoVZC45, BtRs-BetaCoV/YN2018B and the RS4231 Bat SARS-like corona viruses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document