Thermal Analysis of Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Blocks for Anatomic Pathology Processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Ciancia ◽  
Alessandro Lucantonio ◽  
Lorenzo Vannozzi ◽  
Gian Andrea Pedrazzini ◽  
Leonardo Ricotti
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Anatomic Pathology ◽  
Sample Heating ◽  
Temperature Window ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Pathology Samples

Abstract Goal: We analyze temperature dynamics in anatomic pathology samples to identify the most efficient refrigeration method and to predict the time available for an optimal sectioning before sample heating, thus to get appropriate information for a correct diagnosis by anatomopathologists. Methods: A thermal Finite Element (FE) analysis was carried out with COMSOL Multiphysics to evaluate temperature variations in paraffin-embedded tissues, i.e., muscle, bone and fat. Experiments with different tissues and thermocouple-based measurements allowed to validate the FE simulations. Results: Simulations allowed to estimate the time needed to bring the sample at the optimal temperature for sectioning (-8 - -4 °C) in different conditions: refrigeration on a cold plate, refrigeration in a cooled environment and refrigeration in an environment with a forced convection. Among the three cooling methods tested the last one resulted the most efficient. A cooling temperature of -20 °C was the most effective, among the ones tested. For the different conditions, the time needed for the surface of the tissue block to exit from a temperature corresponding to an optimal cutting, when leaving the sample expose to room temperature after refrigeration, ranged from 12s to 310 s. Conclusions: We quantify the time needed to adequately refrigerate paraffin-embedded tissue samples and the time available before they leave the optimal temperature window for sectioning. This information will be helpful in optimizing anatomic pathology processes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Processing and Cooling Methods on Coleus tuberosus in vitro Starch Digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Jhauharotul Muchlisyiyah ◽  
Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih ◽  
Retno Wulansari ◽  
Hera Sisca Prasmita
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Total Starch

Coleus tuberosus, also known as black potato, is one of the Indonesian local tubers consumed as a carbohydrate substituent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of processing and cooling methods on the in vitro digestibility of black potato starch. Furthermore, two factors Randomized Block Design with a 2x3 experimental design was used, which consisted of processing methods (boiling, roasting, and microwave) and cooling at room temperature and 4 °C for 24 hours with 3 repetitions. Black potato flour was compared with the raw form, by assessing some parameters, namely Resistant Starch (RS), Slowly Digestible Starch (SDS), Rapidly Digestible Starch (RDS), and Glycemic Index (GI). Also, the analysis of total starch, moisture, and color was performed, hence raw black potatoes generally have 10% resistant starch (%wb). Different treatments of cooking and cooling had a significant effect (α = 0.05) on moisture content, total starch, RS, RDS, SDS, GI, brightness (L), and yellowness (b). Black potatoes subjected to the processing method followed by cooling had lower RDS and increased RS content. Furthermore, refrigeration at 4°C for 24 hours reduced the digestibility of black potato starch more than cooling at room temperature. Contrarily, microwaved black potato cooled at room temperature showed a higher digestion rate compared to the raw counterpart. Conclusively, processing followed by cooling reduces the GI and increases the RS content of Coleus tuberosus.

scholarly journals Crystalline forms of silver iodide II: Determination of phase transformations

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vukic ◽  
Dragan Veselinovic ◽  
Vesna Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sample Heating ◽  
Crystalline Forms

In order to obtain appropriate forms of AgI (?- and ?-), a procedure was developed to synthesize AgI at room temperature (23?C), whereby samples of varying crystallographic purity and of varying crystallographic contents of the different forms were obtained. This paper presents the results of investigations of the influence of the manner of preparation of ?-AgI and ?-AgI samples and the sample heating rate on the phase transformations and their temperatures. During the heating of non-ground, ground and pressed synthesized AgI samples, the phase transformations and the corresponding temperatures for one ?-AgI and four ?-AgI samples with different ?-AgI contents (representing a crystallographic impurity) were identified. The following phase transformations were observed for the non-ground AgI samples: ?-AgI ? ?-AgI at 149.6?C (for the ?-AgI sample) and ?-AgI ? ?-AgI at 148.7?C or 148.2?C for the ?-AgI samples with a minimum content of ?-AgI (less than 7 %), as a crystallographic impurity. The phase transition ?-AgI ? ?-AgI was irreversible because ?-AgI was obtained whenever the samples were heated up to 260?C. Manual sample grinding, as well as pressing at p1 = 650 MPa and p2 = 900 MPa resulted in the ?-AgI ? ?-AgI phase transition in all the investigated cases. .

scholarly journals Numerical study on the thermohydraulic performance of a reciprocating room temperature active magnetic regenerator

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Georges El Achkar ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Rachid Bennacer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Active Magnetic Regenerator ◽  
Magnetic Regenerator

In this paper, the thermohydraulic performance of a reciprocating room temperature active magnetic regenerator (AMR), with gadolinium (Gd) particles used as a magnetocaloric material (MCM) and water used as a working fluid, was numerically investigated. A two-dimensional transient flow model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, in order to determine the water flow distribution in two AMRs of cross and parallel Gd particles distributions for different water inlet velocities of 0.06 m.s-1, 0.08 m.s-1 , 0.1 m.s-1 and 0.12 m.s-1. The Gd particles have a radius of 1.5 mm and a distance from one another of 0.9 mm. Based on the simulations results of the first model, a two-dimensional transient coupled flow and heat transfer model was then developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, in order to characterise the convective heat transfer in the AMR of cross Gd particles distribution for the same water inlet velocities.

Lyophilization is suitable for storage and shipment of fresh tissue samples without altering RNA and protein levels stored at room temperature

Amino Acids ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1383-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Wu ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Yanchun Zhang ◽  
Weiguang Li ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Protein Levels

scholarly journals Effect Of Storage Time And Temperature On Platelet Indices Of EDTA Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asif Naveed ◽  
Kashifa Nawab ◽  
Ambareen Hamid ◽  
Sobia Ashraf ◽  
Nada Junaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Sample Group ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increasing Trend

Objectives: This study was conducted to find effect of storage time and temperature on platelet indices of samples taken in EDTA. Methods: In this study 100 samples without the specification of gender were included. CBC samples were taken in two EDTA vials from each patient. All the samples were separated in two groups. One sample group was stored at room temperature(RT) and other at 2-6°C. CBC was run on CBC analyzer Sysmex XN-1000 at 0 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. Results: There was significantly increasing trend for MPV, PDW and P-LCRat RT and decreasing trend at 4°C when compared with 0 hours. PCT showed significant decreasing trend at 4°C with respect to 0 hours. Significant decrease in platelet count was observed after storage at room temperature as well as at 4°C. Conclusion: Although 4°C consider as optimal temperature to transport specimen for CBC but Platelet Indices values varies significantly in comparison to baseline when stored at 4oC and at room temperature. It seems prudent to conclude that if platelet pathology is the major drive for CBC test performance then specimen should be run without delay.

FINITE ELEMENT CALCULATION OF THE RIVET JOINT OBTAINED BY NITROGEN COOLING OF THE RIVET

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
V.V. LEONTYEV
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Comsol Multiphysics ◽  
Element Calculation ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stress Problem ◽  
Dimensional Statement

A method for creating a rivet connection using nitrogen cooling of rivets is considered. A rivet, cooled to a temperature of -196 C, is placed in a cylindrical hole in the plates at room temperature. When heated to room temperature, the rivet undergoes a thermal all-round expansion and creates a tight fit. The finite element method solves the contact termal-stress problem for such a connection in the COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS and APM Winmachine software complexes. The problem is solved in a three-dimensional statement. The first stage is the temperature distribution in the rivet-plate system. The resulting temperature field is used as a parameter at the second stage when solving the stress problem. The fields of residual stresses in the plate and rivet are obtained. It is shown that plastic deformations occur in a small part of one of the connected plates. Recommendations for calculating the strength of such compounds are given.

Histological indicators of cutaneous lesions caused by electrocution, flame burn and impact abrasion

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaurasia Sangita ◽  
Goel Garima ◽  
Yadav Jayanthi ◽  
Arora Arneet ◽  
Kapoor Neelkamal
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Dermal Cell ◽  
Vascular Dilatation ◽  
Cutaneous Tissue ◽  
Dermal Collagen

Cutaneous electrocution marks are the key indicator that aid forensic pathologists in establishing electrocution as the cause of death, especially when crime scene and internal autopsy findings do not provide significant information. The gross findings of electrocution mark are often confused with impact abrasion and the burns produced by high voltage flash are often indistinguishable with flame burns. The present study aims to identify cutaneous light microscopic histological indicators, which are peculiar to electrocution marks, burns and impact abrasions. Cutaneous tissue samples from injury sites and healthy areas were collected from 45 autopsy cases and examined under light microscope. The histological changes observed were intra-epidermal separation of cells, sub-epidermal separation, coagulative necrosis in the epidermis and dermis, epidermal and dermal cell nuclear elongation and streaming, pyknotic tightly packed epidermal nuclei, dark staining of epidermal nuclei, homogenization of dermal collagen, and vascular dilatation, congestion, hemorrhage and thrombosis. The study revealed that certain histological changes are helpful in differentiating electrocution mark from other types of injuries, which present themselves in various types morphologically and thus facilitate correct diagnosis during autopsy. Pyknotic and tightly packed epidermal nuclei was found characteristic of electrocution mark produced by high voltage current.

scholarly journals Enhanced Cooling Process of Furnace Using Vortex Tube Cooling Device

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Mohd Hazwan Yusof ◽  
Muhammad Fadhli Suhaimi ◽  
Izzat Muhammad Azmi ◽  
Wan Sharuzi Wan Harun ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Basrawi
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vortex Tube ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Gas Cooling ◽  
Cooling Methods

A furnace is a heating device, which is used for heating samples up to 1350°C. The conventional method to reduce the temperature of the furnace to room temperature requires more than 8 hours. Therefore, a vortex tube cooling device is used to enhance the cooling process. The vortex tube is a small cooling device that uses compressed gas to produce cold flow. In this study, 3 cooling methods were compared; the conventional method, room temperature compressed gas cooling method, and vortex tube cooling method. From the results, it is clear that the vortex tube is able to enhanced the cooling process. Comparing to the conventional method, the vortex tube can reduce the temperature 2-hour faster.

Attachment and Proliferation of Bacteria on Meat

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
KING-THOM CHUNG ◽  
JAMES S. DICKSON ◽  
JOHN D. GROUSE
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cell Concentrations ◽  
Number Of Cells

The attachment of bacteria (Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella arizonae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes), to lean muscle tissue and fat tissue was investigated. The number of cells attached to the meat was directly proportional to the initial cell concentrations present. There was no significant difference in the number of cells attached between the lean muscle tissue and fat tissues among the organisms tested. All bacteria tested except P. aeruginosa proliferated better on the lean muscle tissues than on the fat tissue at ambient temperature for 72 h. No significant attachment competition to tissue samples was seen between L. monocytogenes and P. aeruginosa, however, the numbers of P. aeruginosa were greater than L. monocytogenes (after 24 h). Similarly, no competitive attachments between S. aureus and S. marcescens, S. faecalis and S. arizonae were observed; but the numbers of S. marcescens were greater than S. aureus, and S. arizonae were greater than S. faecalis, when the inoculated meat was incubated at room temperature for 24 h.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Cholinesterase from the Liver ofPuntius Javanicusas Detection of Metal Ions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Khalizan Sabullah ◽  
Mohd Rosni Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor ◽  
Mohd Arif Syed ◽  
Nor Aripin Shamaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Optimum Parameter ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference

Crude extract of ChE from the liver ofPuntius javanicuswas purified using procainamide-sepharyl 6B. S-Butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTC) was selected as the specific synthetic substrate for this assay with the highest maximal velocity and lowest biomolecular constant at 53.49 µmole/min/mg and 0.23 mM, respectively, with catalytic efficiency ratio of 0.23. The optimum parameter was obtained at pH 7.5 and optimal temperature in the range of 25 to 30°C. The effect of different storage condition was assessed where ChE activity was significantly decreased after 9 days of storage at room temperature. However, ChE activity showed no significant difference when stored at 4.0, 0, and −25°C for 15 days. Screening of heavy metals shows that chromium, copper, and mercury strongly inhibitedP. javanicusChE by lowering the activity below 50%, while several pairwise combination of metal ions exhibited synergistic inhibiting effects on the enzyme which is greater than single exposure especially chromium, copper, and mercury. The results showed thatP. javanicusChE has the potential to be used as a biosensor for the detection of metal ions.

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