Synthesis of Flow and Thermal Transport in Porous Media as Applied to Biological Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erfan Kosari ◽  
Kambiz Vafai
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Flow Interactions ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Microscale Modeling

Abstract The biological systems are tied to the molecular transport across the living tissues which in turn highly depend on kinetic and thermal energy exchanges. For various applications ranging from artery modeling to very sensitive tissue modeling such as the brain, porous media modeling accurately predicts the biological behavior. This article elaborately addresses the fundamentals of porous media and provides a comprehensive synthesis of the theory development from the primary methods available in the literature to the modern mathematical formulations. Specifically, this manuscript concentrates on two remarkable biological applications including (1) blood flow interactions with the porous tissue and (2) hydrodynamic impacts of particle-particle interactions in the microscale modeling that requires Lagrangian frame.

Optimal Foraging Theory: Lessons and Application to Adaptive Engineering Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Optimal Foraging Theory ◽  
Foraging Theory ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Test Bed

In biological systems, optimal strategy is generally defined as optimizing fitness, measured as reproductive value (RV), the expectation of producing surviving offspring from time t onward, given that an organism is in state S(t). Any action can be associated with an expectation of immediate reproductive success. Maximum RV results from the action that maximizes the sum of immediate and future surviving offspring. Adaptive biological behavior is the product of historical experience, heritability, individual variation, and differential fitness among individuals. Foraging tasks are a standard test bed for robot research because of their applicability to many problems. Optimal foraging theory offers explanations and predictions with direct applicability to engineering problems. Much theory development involves optimal solutions based on complete information about the system, but animals do not always conform to predictions of such models. Adaptive approximations to optimality in biological systems offer models for design of engineered systems.

Impact of fracture coatings on fracture/matrix flow interactions in unsaturated, porous media

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Thoma ◽  
David P. Gallegos ◽  
Douglas M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Unsaturated Porous Media ◽  
Flow Interactions ◽  
Matrix Flow

scholarly journals A Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals Finely Tuned for Biological Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Garino ◽  
Tania Limongi ◽  
Bianca Dumontel ◽  
Marta Canta ◽  
Luisa Racca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

Herein we report a novel, easy, fast and reliable microwave-assisted synthesis procedure for the preparation of colloidal zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO NCs) optimized for biological applications. ZnO NCs are also prepared by a conventional solvo-thermal approach and the properties of the two families of NCs are compared and discussed. All of the NCs are fully characterized in terms of morphological analysis, crystalline structure, chemical composition and optical properties, both as pristine nanomaterials or after amino-propyl group functionalization. Compared to the conventional approach, the novel microwave-derived ZnO NCs demonstrate outstanding colloidal stability in ethanol and water with long shelf-life. Furthermore, together with their more uniform size, shape and chemical surface properties, this long-term colloidal stability also contributes to the highly reproducible data in terms of biocompatibility. Actually, a significantly different biological behavior of the microwave-synthesized ZnO NCs is reported with respect to NCs prepared by the conventional synthesis procedure. In particular, consistent cytotoxicity and highly reproducible cell uptake toward KB cancer cells are measured with the use of microwave-synthesized ZnO NCs, in contrast to the non-reproducible and scattered data obtained with the conventionally-synthesized ones. Thus, we demonstrate how the synthetic route and, as a consequence, the control over all the nanomaterial properties are prominent points to be considered when dealing with the biological world for the achievement of reproducible and reliable results, and how the use of commercially-available and under-characterized nanomaterials should be discouraged in this view.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Particle Method for Simulation of Fluid Flow Interactions with Saturated Porous Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. I_841-I_846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas KHAYYER ◽  
Hitoshi GOTOH ◽  
Yuma SHIMIZU ◽  
Kohji GOTOH ◽  
Songdong SHAO
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Particle Method ◽  
Saturated Porous Media ◽  
Flow Interactions

Recent advances in Synthesis and Biological Applications of Substituted Ureas

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharatkumar M. Sapkal ◽  
Shamrao T. Disale ◽  
Raghunath B. Toche ◽  
Dhananjay H. More
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Urea Derivatives ◽  
Heterocyclic Molecules ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities ◽  
Substituted Urea

: In the last few decades, substituted urea derivatives have got significant importance due to their wide applications in pharmaceutical, polymer, dyes, and agriculture industries. Urea derivatives are the key starting material for the synthesis of novel bioactive heterocyclic molecules. Substituted urea derivatives are known to possess a wide array of biological activities such as herbicidal, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antivirus, anticancer, antioxidants, antiproliferative, antiatherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, sedatives, anticonvulsants and acting as HIV-1 protease inhibitor. Herein, the synthetic approach and its herbicidal, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities are reviewed. This review summarizes the current updates regarding the syntheses and biological behavior of substituted urea.

Influence of hollow sphere surface heterogeneity and geometry of N-doped carbon on sensitive monitoring of acetaminophen in human fluids and pharmaceutical products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Y. Emran ◽  
Eslam Talat ◽  
Sherif El-Safty ◽  
Mohamed Shenashen ◽  
Eman Saad
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Sphere ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Surface Heterogeneity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Sphere Surface ◽  
Signaling Transduction ◽  
Human Fluids

The building of electrochemical sensors/biosensor electrodes with high signaling transduction, amplification, and facile molecular transport of biomolecules is a great challenge in pharmaceutical formulations and biological applications. Here, we investigate...

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