Influence of hollow sphere surface heterogeneity and geometry of N-doped carbon on sensitive monitoring of acetaminophen in human fluids and pharmaceutical products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Y. Emran ◽  
Eslam Talat ◽  
Sherif El-Safty ◽  
Mohamed Shenashen ◽  
Eman Saad
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Sphere ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Surface Heterogeneity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Sphere Surface ◽  
Signaling Transduction ◽  
Human Fluids

The building of electrochemical sensors/biosensor electrodes with high signaling transduction, amplification, and facile molecular transport of biomolecules is a great challenge in pharmaceutical formulations and biological applications. Here, we investigate...

Pharmaceutical Polymers - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Sonia Pahuja ◽  
Ranjit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Humans have taken advantage of the adaptability of polymers for centuries in the form of resins, gums tars, and oils. However, it was not until the industrial revolution that the modern polymer industry began to develop. Polymers represent an important constituent of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Polymers have played vital roles in the formulation of pharmaceutical products. Polymers have been used as a major tool to manage the drug release rate from the formulations. Synthetic and natural-based polymers have found their way into the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Synthetic and Natural polymers can be produced with a broad range of strength, heat resistance, density, stiffness and even price. By constant research into the science and applications of polymers, they are playing an ever-increasing role in society. Diverse applications of polymers in the present pharmaceutical field are for controlled drug release. Based on solubility pharmaceutical polymers can be classified as water-soluble and water-insoluble. In general, the desirable polymer properties in pharmaceutical applications are film forming, adhesion, gelling, thickening, pH-dependent solubility and taste masking. General pharmaceutical applications of polymers in various pharmaceutical formulations are also discussed

scholarly journals Validation of the Antifactor Xa and Antifactor IIa Assays for the Potency Assessment of Nadroparin in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Luiz Dalmora ◽  
Maximiliano da Silva Sangoi ◽  
Thiago Barth ◽  
Liberato Brum ◽  
Silvana Ferreira Vaccari
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Nadroparin Calcium ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Antifactor Xa ◽  
Routine Quality Control

Abstract The low-molecular weight heparin nadroparin calcium is used clinically for the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis. The antifactor Xa and antifactor IIa assays were validated by investigating the parameters of range, linearity (r2 0.9905 and r2 0.9914, respectively) precision, accuracy, and robustness. The 2 methods incorporated a chromogenic endpoint and detection at 405 nm, yielding good results with detection limits of 0.004 and 0.01 IU/mL and quantitation limits of 0.01 and 0.03 IU/mL, respectively, for the antifactor Xa and antifactor IIa assays. Nadroparin calcium pharmaceutical products were evaluated by the antifactor Xa assay and the antifactor IIa assay, giving potencies between 93.86 and 109.88%, with an antifactor Xa/antifactor IIa ratio between 3.2 and 3.7. The results demonstrated the validity of the assays that are useful methodologies for the routine quality control of nadroparin in pharmaceutical formulations.

Fabrication of block copolymer brushes on hollow sphere surface via reverse iodine transfer polymerization

2011 ◽  
Vol 361 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Li-Hua Dong ◽  
Jing-Cheng Hao ◽  
Xin-Hu Lv ◽  
Wen-Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Hollow Sphere ◽  
Sphere Surface ◽  
Iodine Transfer ◽  
Copolymer Brushes

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Drugs Affecting Central Nervous System (CNS) in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Shaaban ◽  
Ahmed Mostafa ◽  
Bushra Al-Zahrani ◽  
Bushra Al-Jasser ◽  
Raghad Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Alternating Least Squares ◽  
Multivariate Curve Resolution ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Curve Resolution ◽  
Significant Difference

The quality of medications is important to maintain the overall health care of patients. This study aims to develop and validate a spectrophotometric method using multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) with correlation constraint for simultaneous resolution and quantification of selected drugs affecting the central nervous system (imipramine, carbamazepine, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and phenytoin) in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Figures of merit such as root-mean-square error of prediction, bias, standard error of prediction, and relative error of prediction for the developed method were calculated. High values of correlation coefficients ranged between 0.9993 and 0.9998 reflected high predictive ability of the developed method. The results are linear in the concentration range of 0.3–5 μg/mL for carbamazepine, 0.3–15 μg/mL for chlorpromazine, 0.5–10 μg/mL for haloperidol, 0.5–10 μg/mL for imipramine, and 3–20 μg/mL for phenytoin. The optimized method was successfully applied for the analysis of the studied drugs in their pharmaceutical products without any separation step. The optimized method was also compared with a reported HPLC method using Student’s t test and F ratio at 95% confidence level, and the results showed no significant difference regarding accuracy and precision. The proposed chemometric method is fast, reliable, and cost-effective and can be used as an eco-friendly alternative to chromatographic techniques for the analysis of the studied drugs in commercial pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Validation of the Normocythemic Mice Bioassay for the Potency Evaluation of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Barth ◽  
Paulo R Oliveira ◽  
Felipe B D'Avila ◽  
Srgio L Dalmora
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
Biological Medicine

Abstract The normocythemic mice bioassay was validated for the potency evaluation of the recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) against the European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparation for erythropoietin. The bioassays were performed in 8-week-old female BALB/c mice, which received multiple daily injections of standard or sample solutions (3 + 3), for 4 days. The blood sampling was performed 24 h after the last injection and the reticulocytes were counted by automated flow cytometry. Method validation investigated parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness, giving results within the acceptable range. The dose-response curve was linear in the concentration range of 164 international units (IU)/mL, and the value of the determination coefficient (r2) was 0.9708. The bioassay was applied for the potency evaluation of rhEPO pharmaceutical products containing alfa or beta forms, expressed in different cell lines, giving biological potencies within 82.79 and 119.70 of the stated potency. The precision index calculated by the weight for the independent assays was >247. The results demonstrated the validity of the bioassay for the potency assessment of pharmaceutical formulations contributing to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of the biological medicine.

scholarly journals Fast and Sensitive Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Rifampicin on Renewable Amalgam Film Electrode

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5792
Author(s):  
Marek Szlósarczyk ◽  
Robert Piech ◽  
Anna Milc ◽  
Urszula Hubicka
Keyword(s):  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Film Electrode ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Step Potential ◽  
Voltammetric Method ◽  
Deposition Step

In this work, a new sensitive voltammetric method for the determination of rifampicin without time-consuming preconcentration is presented. The objective was to develop a simple, fast and sensitive voltammetric procedure for the analysis of rifampicin in pharmaceutical products. The cyclic renewable mercury film silver-based electrode (Hg(Ag)FE) was applied as a working electrode for this purpose. The optimal conditions for the determination of rifampicin were defined, in terms of the composition of supporting electrolyte (including pH) and instrumental parameters (potential and time of deposition, step potential, pulse height). The method was validated resulting in a satisfactory linearity range of 0.4–250.0 µgmL−1; the limits of detection and quantification are 0.12 µgmL−1 and 0.4 µgmL−1, respectively; and the repeatability of the method expressed as RSD is 4.1% (n = 6) with a surface area of 10.9 mm2. The proposed method was successfully applied in the analysis of rifampicin in simple and composed pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE PRESENCE OF POLYMORPHIC FORMS AND INFLUENCE ON THE DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF TENOXICAM IN ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENT AND FORMULATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Aline Taís Fries ◽  
Natália Olegário ◽  
Sarah Chagas Campanharo ◽  
Vitor Paulo Pereira ◽  
Martin Steppe
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Crystalline Structures ◽  
Polymorphic Forms

Polymorphism is a relatively common phenomenon among pharmaceutical compounds, and one of the main aspects to be considered in the production and development of medications. The investigation of polymorphism associated with oxicams, a group belonging to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has increased in recent years and, in the case of tenoxicam, the existence of four polymorphic forms is reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to characterize the presence of different polymorphic forms of tenoxicam in active pharmaceutical ingredient and oral pharmaceutical formulations, as well as to evaluate the influence on in vitro dissolution. The characterization of the three samples of pharmaceutical ingredient of tenoxicam from different suppliers by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared (IR) and dissolution profile indicated the presence of a form III crystalline structure, without presenting significant differences between the in vitro dissolution profiles analyzed, and a Dissolution Efficiency (DE%) of 60.30%, 60.70% and 72.34%, respectively. When the four pharmaceutical specialties of tenoxicam were submitted to XRD analysis, they also presented form III crystalline structures. Despite this, the formulations presented different dissolution profiles and a DE% of 75.23%, 83.69%, 78.19% and 90.63%, respectively, without compromising their quality. However, often polymorphism affects physico-chemical properties of drugs, showing the importance of studying this phenomenon, by correlating the presence of crystalline structures to alterations in the quality of active ingredients and pharmaceutical products.

Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Perindopril Erbumine and Enalapril Maleate in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms using Bromocresol Green

2021 ◽  
pp. 3276-3282
Author(s):  
Amir Alhaj Sakur ◽  
Bayan Balid
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Enalapril Maleate ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Perindopril Erbumine

In this article, it has been reported new, simple, sensitive and direct spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Perindopril Erbumine (PPE) and Enalapril Maleate (ENL) in pure and in pharmaceutical forms. Spectrophotometric methods are based on the formation of yellow colored ion-pair complexes between PPE, ENL and sulphonphthalein acid dye, Bromocresol green (BCG) into chloroform were measured at the wavelength of 414 and 415nm for PPE and ENL, respectively. The optimal analytical conditions were determined. The obtained complexes (BCG: PPE) and (BCG: ENL) reached maximum absorbance directly after formation at room temperature for a stability period of 24 h. Beer’s law were obeyed in the concentration ranges of (2-20)µg/mL for PPE and (8- 44)µg/mL for ENL, the limit of detection of 0.125μg/mL and 0.230μg/mL were found for PPE and ENL, respectively. The molar absorptivity coefficients were 4.4045*104 L.moL-1.cm-1 for PPE and 1,9330*104 L.moL-1.cm-1 for ENL. The stoichiometry of the complexes formed between PPE, ENL and BCG were 1:1. No interference was observed from common excipients occurred in pharmaceutical formulations and the proposed methods have been successfully applied to determine the PPE and ENL in some pharmaceutical products and in ENL combination dosage forms with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The proposed methods were successfully validated to be utilized in the quantitative analysis of PPE and ENL in their pure and pharmaceutical products. A good agreement between the developed spectrophotometric methods with the results obtained from official reference methods for the determination of the two drugs in some real samples demonstrate that the proposed methods were suitable to quantify PPE and ENL in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Electrochemical biosensors in pharmaceutical analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric de Souza Gil ◽  
Giselle Rodrigues de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Increasing Demand

Given the increasing demand for practical and low-cost analytical techniques, biosensors have attracted attention for use in the quality analysis of drugs, medicines, and other analytes of interest in the pharmaceutical area. Biosensors allow quantification not only of the active component in pharmaceutical formulations, but also the analysis of degradation products and metabolites in biological fluids. Thus, this article presents a brief review of biosensor use in pharmaceutical analysis, focusing on enzymatic electrochemical sensors.

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