scholarly journals Electric Power Transfer Concept for Enhanced Performance of the More Electric Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Balaghi Enalou ◽  
Serhiy Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Power Electronic Converters ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Electric Engine ◽  
Bus Architecture

Abstract In future electrified aircraft, multi-spool more electric engines (MEEs) are expected to be equipped with electric generators connected to each shaft for power offtake and supplying onboard electrical loads. These can be interfaced to a common high-voltage DC bus architecture via power electronic converters. Such system architecture enables the establishment of an "electrical bridge" to circulate the desired amount of power between the engine shafts, and decouple their speeds. This paper introduces the possible benefits from the Electric Power Transfer (EPT) for engine performance and scrutinizes a novel EPT-Adopted Design (EPTAD) for future MEEs. For this purpose, a 0-dimensional engine model has been developed by using the inter-component-volume (ICV) method. By using the engine model, the CFM56-3 engine is redesigned to realize the EPTAD. Comparing the simulation results for the EPTAD and baseline CFM56-3 engines shows significant improvement for engine performance in terms of SFC and surge margin, mainly at cruise condition. Results show that almost 3.2% and 2.2% of fuel burn reduction is achieved for the short- and medium-haul flights respectively, with a 1150 kW EPT system. It is also shown that Variable Bleed Valves (VBVs) can be eliminated in the EPTAD engine with a 1150 kW EPT system.

Performance Improvement of Turbofans by Electric Power Transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Balaghi Enalou ◽  
Serhiy Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With design trends toward the more electric engine (MEE) for the more electric aircraft (MEA), novel technologies can be pinpointed for multi-spool engines. Provided that a multi-spool MEE is equipped with electrical machines connected to each of its shafts, using power electronic converters (PECs) within a common high-voltage DC bus configuration, it is possible to redistribute a desired amount of power between the engine shafts independent of their speeds. This paper presents the impact of electric power transfer (EPT) on engine performance by using a developed 0-dimensional engine model based on the inter-component volume (ICV) method and engine component maps. Generic component maps are scaled to match the design point of the CFM56-3 engine. Validating the simulation results with engine performance data from literature shows that the steady-state error of the speed and fuel consumption is within 1% and 3.5% for the high- and low-speed settings, respectively, which is acceptable for the purpose of power transfer studies. It is shown that a 400 kW EPT system is the best performing for the cases run for the CFM56-3 engine, which can halve the amount of bleed air from variable bleed valves (VBVs). Results show that EPT with the rescheduled VBVs opening improves the engine performance significantly at low-speed settings by decreasing fuel consumption and increasing surge margins. Detailed simulation results from the engine model and EPT weight penalty analysis show that fuel consumption for short- and medium-haul flights reduces by up to 0.46% and 0.79% with state-of-the-art, and 0.60% and 1.0% with future technologies, respectively. Furthermore, results show that electric power transfer can recover the surge margins of degraded engines at high-speed settings.

Performance Comparison of More Electric Engine Configurations

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon Pluijms ◽  
Klaus-Juergen Schmidt ◽  
Karel Stastny ◽  
Borys Chibisov
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Propulsion Performance ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Electric Engine

An analytical study was undertaken to investigate the fuel burn potential of More Electric Engine (MEE) configurations using the performance model of a 2-shaft high BPR 20–30 klbf turbofan in revenue service. The 3 following power off-take configurations were compared: an HP-generator, an LP-generator, and a split-power generator (small HP starter/generator and a main LP generator). For this study, because of the small performance differences, high accuracy steady-state and transient performance models must be used. For steady-state operating conditions, the design point was modified and the off-design redline margins were calculated; ground and flight idle settings were adjusted to yield both the lowest possible fuel burn and residual thrust within the surge margin of the compressor, and the resulting short range mission fuel burn was calculated. For transient conditions, the thrust response, as well as both HPC and LPC surge margin lapse during engine acceleration and deceleration, had to maintain those of the baseline engine and fulfill certification requirements. This was achieved by modifying the idle settings and acceleration/deceleration schedules. Subsequently, the resulting short range mission fuel burn was calculated. Lastly, an introduction to the business case is provided with a simple cost-effectiveness calculation. This study was an initial investigation into MEE’s that focused primarily on the propulsion unit. For further in-depth studies, it is recommended to consider in detail the business model, aircraft weight issues, and the interaction propulsion performance and aircraft performance.

Time-Scaled Emulation of Electric Power Transfer in the More Electric Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1679-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Balaghi Enalou ◽  
Xiaoyu Lang ◽  
Mohamed Rashed ◽  
Serhiy Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Electric Engine

scholarly journals Axial Compressor Mean-Line Analysis: Choking Modelling and Fully-Coupled Integration in Engine Performance Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kolias ◽  
Alexios Alexiou ◽  
Nikolaos Aretakis ◽  
Konstantinos Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Transient Simulations ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Performance Calculation ◽  
Fully Coupled

A mean-line compressor performance calculation method is presented that covers the entire operating range, including the choked region of the map. It can be directly integrated into overall engine performance models, as it is developed in the same simulation environment. The code materializing the model can inherit the same interfaces, fluid models, and solvers, as the engine cycle model, allowing consistent, transparent, and robust simulations. In order to deal with convergence problems when the compressor operates close to or within the choked operation region, an approach to model choking conditions at blade row and overall compressor level is proposed. The choked portion of the compressor characteristics map is thus numerically established, allowing full knowledge and handling of inter-stage flow conditions. Such choking modelling capabilities are illustrated, for the first time in the open literature, for the case of multi-stage compressors. Integration capabilities of the 1D code within an overall engine model are demonstrated through steady state and transient simulations of a contemporary turbofan layout. Advantages offered by this approach are discussed, while comparison of using alternative approaches for representing compressor performance in overall engine models is discussed.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ethanol, Methanol, and Butanol Blending with Gasoline and Its Effect on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Engine Simulation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Simeon Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuels

Air pollution, especially in large cities around the world, is associated with serious problems both with people’s health and the environment. Over the past few years, there has been a particularly intensive demand for alternatives to fossil fuels, because when they are burned, substances that pollute the environment are released. In addition to the smoke from fuels burned for heating and harmful emissions that industrial installations release, the exhaust emissions of vehicles create a large share of the fossil fuel pollution. Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are derived from resources other than fossil fuels. Because alcoholic fuels have several physical and propellant properties similar to those of gasoline, they can be considered as one of the alternative fuels. Alcoholic fuels or alcohol-blended fuels may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aimed to develop a gasoline engine model to predict the influence of different types of alcohol-blended fuels on performance and emissions. For the purpose of this study, the AVL Boost software was used to analyse characteristics of the gasoline engine when operating with different mixtures of ethanol, methanol, butanol, and gasoline (by volume). Results obtained from different fuel blends showed that when alcohol blends were used, brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to when using gasoline, and CO and HC concentrations decreased as the fuel blends percentage increased.

Aero-engine dynamic model based on an improved compact propulsion system dynamic model

2021 ◽  
pp. 095965182098408
Author(s):  
Qiangang Zheng ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Chongwen Jin ◽  
Haibo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
System Dynamic ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
System Dynamic Model ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Engine Dynamic

The modern advanced aero-engine control methods are onboard dynamic model–based algorithms. In this article, a novel aero-engine dynamic modeling method based on improved compact propulsion system dynamic model is proposed. The aero-engine model is divided into inlet, core engine, surge margin and nozzle models for establishing sub-model in the compact propulsion system dynamic model. The model of core engine is state variable model. The models of inlet, surge margin and nozzle are nonlinear models which are similar to the component level model. A new scheduling scheme for basepoint control vector, basepoint state vector and basepoint output vector which considers the change of engine total inlet temperature is proposed to improve engine model accuracy especially the steady. The online feedback correction of measurable parameters is adopted to improve the steady and dynamic accuracy of model. The modeling errors of improved compact propulsion system dynamic model remain unchanged when engine total inlet temperature of different conditions are the same or changes small. The model accuracy of compact propulsion system dynamic model, especially the measurable parameters, is improved by online feedback correction. Moreover, the real-time performance of compact propulsion system dynamic model and improved compact propulsion system dynamic model are much better than component level model.

Analysis of Variable Intake Runner Lengths and Intake Valve Open Timings on Engine Performances

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Farid Muhamad Said ◽  
Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff ◽  
Aminuddin Saat ◽  
Mazlan Said ◽  
Shaiful Fadzil Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Variable Valve ◽  
Engine Development

In this paper, engine simulation tool is used to investigate the effect of variable intake manifold and variable valve timing technologies on the engine performance at full load engine conditions. Here, an engine model of 1.6 litre four cylinders, four stroke spark ignition (SI) engine is constructed using GT-Power software to represent the real engine conditions. This constructed model is then correlated to the experimental data to make sure the accuracy of this model. The comparison results of volumetric efficiency (VE), intake manifold air pressure (MAP), exhaust manifold back pressure (BckPress) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) show very well agreement with the differences of less than 4%. Then this correlated model is used to predict the engine performance at various intake runner lengths (IRL) and various intake valve open (IVO) timings. Design of experiment and optimisation tool are applied to obtain optimum parameters. Here, several configurations of IRL and IVO timing are proposed to give several options during the engine development work. A significant improvement is found at configuration of variable IVO timing and variable IRL compared to fixed IVO timing and fixed IRL.

Development and Integration of Rain Ingestion Effects in Engine Performance Simulations

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
A. Alexiou ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
G. Sieros ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Velocity Slip ◽  
Droplet Surface ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Droplet Breakup ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Component Models

Rain ingestion can significantly affect the performance and operability of gas turbine aero-engines. In order to study and understand rain ingestion phenomena at engine level, a performance model is required that integrates component models capable of simulating the physics of rain ingestion. The current work provides, for the first time in the open literature, information about the setup of a mixed-fidelity engine model suitable for rain ingestion simulation and corresponding overall engine performance results. Such a model can initially support an analysis of rain ingestion during the predesign phase of engine development. Once components and engine models are validated and calibrated versus experimental data, they can then be used to support certification tests, the extrapolation of ground test results to altitude conditions, the evaluation of control or engine hardware improvements and eventually the investigation of in-flight events. In the present paper, component models of various levels of fidelity are first described. These models account for the scoop effect at engine inlet, the fan effect and the effects of water presence in the operation and performance of the compressors and the combustor. Phenomena such as velocity slip between the liquid and gaseous phases, droplet breakup, droplet–surface interaction, droplet and film evaporation as well as compressor stages rematching due to evaporation are included in the calculations. Water ingestion influences the operation of the components and their matching, so in order to simulate rain ingestion at engine level, a suitable multifidelity engine model has been developed in the Proosis simulation platform. The engine model's architecture is discussed, and a generic high bypass turbofan is selected as a demonstration test case engine. The analysis of rain ingestion effects on engine performance and operability is performed for the worst case scenario, with respect to the water quantity entering the engine. The results indicate that rain ingestion has a strong negative effect on high-pressure compressor surge margin, fuel consumption, and combustor efficiency, while more than half of the water entering the core is expected to remain unevaporated and reach the combustor in the form of film.

scholarly journals Electronic Control System for Steer by Wire

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 4161-4166
Author(s):  
Eeshan Ranade
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Steer By Wire ◽  
Improved Performance

Automobile industry’s focus is on efficiency, safety and performance has resulted in the rapid introduction of electronics in vehicle safety systems and engine management. Mechanical and Hydraulic systems are now gradually being replaced by electronic controllers to achieve the objectives of optimizing power consumption, improving driver convenience, and maximizing driver safety resulting in an overall improved performance and experience. Vehicle steering systems have transitioned from mechanical to hydraulic power to an electric power assisted steering system and now to the state of the art, Steer by Wire (SbW) system. Traditional mechanical systems included a steering wheel, column, gear, rack and pinion and did not support any power steering. The next generation hydraulic systems were more stable, safer and required comparatively lesser effort. Electric or DC motors drove the Electric Power System addressing the drawbacks of the hydraulic systems especially those related to environment and acoustics with the added advantage of a compact structure and power-on-demand engine performance. By-wire steering technologies was originally introduced in the Concord aircraft in 1970s. The SbW is a steering system with no steering column. The mechanical interface between the steering wheel and the wheels is replaced with by-wire electrical connection/electronic actuators. SbW system has significant advantages in terms of driving safety due to the availability of the steering command in electronic form and the removal of the steering shaft, cruising comfort with driving manoeuvring due to no space constraint and favourable to the environment with the non-usage of hydraulic oils.

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