Performance Improvement of Turbofans by Electric Power Transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Balaghi Enalou ◽  
Serhiy Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With design trends toward the more electric engine (MEE) for the more electric aircraft (MEA), novel technologies can be pinpointed for multi-spool engines. Provided that a multi-spool MEE is equipped with electrical machines connected to each of its shafts, using power electronic converters (PECs) within a common high-voltage DC bus configuration, it is possible to redistribute a desired amount of power between the engine shafts independent of their speeds. This paper presents the impact of electric power transfer (EPT) on engine performance by using a developed 0-dimensional engine model based on the inter-component volume (ICV) method and engine component maps. Generic component maps are scaled to match the design point of the CFM56-3 engine. Validating the simulation results with engine performance data from literature shows that the steady-state error of the speed and fuel consumption is within 1% and 3.5% for the high- and low-speed settings, respectively, which is acceptable for the purpose of power transfer studies. It is shown that a 400 kW EPT system is the best performing for the cases run for the CFM56-3 engine, which can halve the amount of bleed air from variable bleed valves (VBVs). Results show that EPT with the rescheduled VBVs opening improves the engine performance significantly at low-speed settings by decreasing fuel consumption and increasing surge margins. Detailed simulation results from the engine model and EPT weight penalty analysis show that fuel consumption for short- and medium-haul flights reduces by up to 0.46% and 0.79% with state-of-the-art, and 0.60% and 1.0% with future technologies, respectively. Furthermore, results show that electric power transfer can recover the surge margins of degraded engines at high-speed settings.

scholarly journals Effect of boosting system architecture and thermomechanical limits on diesel engine performance: Part-I—Steady-state operation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 854-872
Author(s):  
José Galindo ◽  
Hector Climent ◽  
Olivier Varnier ◽  
Chaitanya Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Efficiency Optimization ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Base Engine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engine Development

Internal combustion engine developments are more focused on efficiency optimization and emission reduction for the upcoming future. To achieve these goals, technologies like downsizing and downspeeding are needed to be developed according to the requirement. These modifications on thermal engines are able to reduce fuel consumption and [Formula: see text] emission. However, implementation of these kind of technologies asks for right and efficient charging systems. This article consists of study of different boosting systems and architectures (single- and two-stage) with combination of different charging systems like superchargers and e-boosters. A parametric study is carried out with a zero-dimensional engine model to analyze and compare the effects of these different architectures on the same base engine. The impact of thermomechanical limits, turbo sizes and other engine development option characterizations are proposed to improve fuel consumption, maximum power and performance of the downsized/downspeeded diesel engines.

scholarly journals Electric Power Transfer Concept for Enhanced Performance of the More Electric Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Balaghi Enalou ◽  
Serhiy Bozhko
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Power Electronic Converters ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Electric Engine ◽  
Bus Architecture

Abstract In future electrified aircraft, multi-spool more electric engines (MEEs) are expected to be equipped with electric generators connected to each shaft for power offtake and supplying onboard electrical loads. These can be interfaced to a common high-voltage DC bus architecture via power electronic converters. Such system architecture enables the establishment of an "electrical bridge" to circulate the desired amount of power between the engine shafts, and decouple their speeds. This paper introduces the possible benefits from the Electric Power Transfer (EPT) for engine performance and scrutinizes a novel EPT-Adopted Design (EPTAD) for future MEEs. For this purpose, a 0-dimensional engine model has been developed by using the inter-component-volume (ICV) method. By using the engine model, the CFM56-3 engine is redesigned to realize the EPTAD. Comparing the simulation results for the EPTAD and baseline CFM56-3 engines shows significant improvement for engine performance in terms of SFC and surge margin, mainly at cruise condition. Results show that almost 3.2% and 2.2% of fuel burn reduction is achieved for the short- and medium-haul flights respectively, with a 1150 kW EPT system. It is also shown that Variable Bleed Valves (VBVs) can be eliminated in the EPTAD engine with a 1150 kW EPT system.

scholarly journals Effect of boosting system architecture and thermomechanical limits on diesel engine performance: Part II—transient operation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Galindo ◽  
Hector Climent ◽  
Olivier Varnier ◽  
Chaitanya Patil
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Transient Operations ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, internal combustion engine developments are focused on efficiency optimization and emission reduction. Increasing focus on world harmonized ways to determine the performance and emissions on Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure cycles, it is essential to optimize the engines for transient operations. To achieve these objectives, the downsized or downspeeded engines are required, which can reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. However, these technologies ask for efficient charging systems. This article consists of the study of different boosting architectures (single stage and two stage) with a combination of different charging systems like superchargers and e-boosters. A parametric study has been carried out with a zero-dimensional engine model to analyze and compare different architectures on the different engine displacements. The impact of thermomechanical limits, turbo sizes and other engine development option characterizations is proposed to improve fuel consumption, maximum power and performance of the downsized/downspeeded diesel engines during the transient operations.

A Dicode Signaling Scheme for Capacitively Coupled Interface

2011 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 296-305
Author(s):  
Yasushi Yuminaka ◽  
Kyohei Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Partial Response ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Capacitively Coupled ◽  
Limited Frequency ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Response Coding ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we present a bandwidth-efficient partial-response signaling scheme for capacitivelycoupled chip-to-chip data transmission to increase data rate. Partial-response coding is knownas a technique that allows high-speed transmission while using a limited frequency bandwidth, by allowingcontrolled intersymbol interference (ISI). Analysis and circuit simulation results are presentedto show the impact of duobinary (1+D) and dicode (1-D) partial-response signaling for capacitivelycoupled interface.

Numerical and Experimental Study on the Impact of Mild Cold EGR on Exhaust Emissions in a Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Oliveira ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Jose Sodre
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work evaluated the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from a diesel engine fueled with B8 (a blend of biodiesel and Diesel 8:92%% by volume), experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out on a Diesel power generator with varying loads from 5 kW to 35 kW and 10% of cold EGR ratio. Exhaust emissions (e.g. THC, NOX, CO etc.) were measured and evaluated. The results showed mild EGR and low biodiesel content have minor impact of engine specific fuel consumption, fuel conversion efficiency and in-cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, the combination of EGR and biodiesel reduced THC and NOX up to 52% and 59%, which shows promising effect on overcoming the PM-NOX trade-off from diesel engine. A 3D CFD engine model incorporated with detailed biodiesel combustion kinetics and NOx formation kinetics was validated against measured in-cylinder pressure, temperature and engine-out NO emission from diesel engine. This valid model was then employed to investigate the in-cylinder temperature and equivalence ratio distribution that predominate NOx formation. The results showed that the reduction of NOx emission by EGR and biodiesel is obtained by a little reduction of the local in-cylinder temperature and, mainly, by creating comparatively rich combusting mixture.

Performance Analysis and Improvement Approach of HEV Extended Expansion Gasoline Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 317-319 ◽  
pp. 1999-2006
Author(s):  
Yu Wan ◽  
Ai Min Du ◽  
Da Shao ◽  
Guo Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Negative Impacts

According to the boost mathematical model verified by experiments, the valve train of traditional gasoline engine is optimized and improved to achieve extended expansion cycle. The simulation results of extended expansion gasoline engine shows that the extended expansion gasoline engine has a better economic performance, compared to traditional gasoline engines. The average brake special fuel consumption (BSFC) can reduce 22.78 g / kW•h by LIVC, but the negative impacts of extended expansion gasoline engine restrict the potential of extended expansion gasoline engine. This paper analyzes the extended expansion gasoline engine performance under the influence of LIVC, discusses the way to further improve extended expansion gasoline engine performance.

THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INTAKE VALVE TIMING ON ENGINE USING CYLINDER DEACTIVATION TECHNIQUE VIA SIMULATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Zainal Abidin ◽  
M. F. Muhamad Said ◽  
Z. Abdul Latiff ◽  
I. Zahari ◽  
M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Cylinder Deactivation ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Load Conditions

There are many technologies that being developed to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines as well as reducing their fuel consumption.  In this paper, the main area of focus is on cylinder deactivation (CDA) technology. CDA is mostly being applied on multi cylinders engines. CDA has the advantage to improve fuel consumption by reducing pumping losses at part load engine conditions. Here, the application of CDA on 1.6L four cylinders gasoline engine is studied. One-dimensional (1D) engine modeling work is performed to investigate the effect of intake valve strategy on engine performance with CDA. 1D engine model is constructed based on the 1.6L actual engine geometries. The model is simulated at various engine speeds at full load conditions. The simulated results show that the constructed model is well correlated to measured data. This correlated model is then used to investigate the CDA application at part load conditions. Also, the effects on the in-cylinder combustion as well as pumping losses are presented. The study shows that the effect of intake valve strategy is very significant on engine performance. Pumping losses is found to be reduced, thus improve fuel consumption and engine efficiency.

scholarly journals Investigation of Micro Gas Turbine Systems for High Speed Long Loiter Tactical Unmanned Air Systems

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Large ◽  
Apostolos Pesyridis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fan Speed ◽  
Relative Design ◽  
Design Simplicity

In this study, the on-going research into the improvement of micro-gas turbine propulsion system performance and the suitability for its application as propulsion systems for small tactical UAVs (<600 kg) is investigated. The study is focused around the concept of converting existing micro turbojet engines into turbofans with the use of a continuously variable gearbox, thus maintaining a single spool configuration and relative design simplicity. This is an effort to reduce the initial engine development cost, whilst improving the propulsive performance. The BMT 120 KS micro turbojet engine is selected for the performance evaluation of the conversion process using the gas turbine performance software GasTurb13. The preliminary design of a matched low-pressure compressor (LPC) for the proposed engine is then performed using meanline calculation methods. According to the analysis that is carried out, an improvement in the converted micro gas turbine engine performance, in terms of thrust and specific fuel consumption is achieved. Furthermore, with the introduction of a CVT gearbox, the fan speed operation may be adjusted independently of the core, allowing an increased thrust generation or better fuel consumption. This therefore enables a wider gamut of operating conditions and enhances the performance and scope of the tactical UAV.

A Simplified Method to Evaluate the Impact of Component Design on Engine Performance

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Montella ◽  
J. P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Component Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engine Component ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a simplified and fast method to evaluate the impact of a single engine component design on the overall performance. It consists of three steps. In the first step, an engine system model is developed using available data on existing engines. Alongside the cycle reference point, a sweep of operating points within the flight envelop is simulated. The engine model is tuned to match a wide range of conditions. In the second step, the module that contains the engine component of interest is analyzed. Different correlations between the component design and the module efficiency are investigated. In the third step, the deviations in efficiency related to different component configurations are implemented in the engine baseline model. Eventually, the effects on the performances are evaluated. The procedure is demonstrated for the case of a two-spool turbofan. The effects of tip leakage in the low pressure turbine on the overall engine performance are analyzed. In today’s collaborative engine development programs, the OEMs facilitate the design process by using advanced simulation software, in-house available technical correlations and experience. Suppliers of parts have a limited influence on the design of the components they are responsible for. This can be rectified by the proposed methodology and give subcontractors a deeper insight into the design process. It is based on commercially available PC engine simulation tools and provides a general understanding of the relations between component design and engine performance. These relations may also take into account of aspects like production technology and materials in component optimization.

Advanced Controls for Fuel Consumption and Time-on-Wing Optimization in Commercial Aircraft Engines

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Viassolo ◽  
Aditya Kumar ◽  
Brent Brunell
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Transient Operation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Flight Envelope

This paper introduces an architecture that improves the existing interface between flight control and engine control. The architecture is based on an on-board dynamic engine model, and advanced control and estimation techniques. It utilizes a Tracking Filter (TF) to estimate model parameters and thus allow a nominal model to match any given engine. The TF is combined with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate unmeasured engine states and performance outputs, such as engine thrust and turbine temperatures. These estimated outputs are then used by a Model Predictive Control (MPC), which optimizes engine performance subject to operability constraints. MPC objective and constraints are based on the aircraft operation mode. For steady-state operation, the MPC objective is to minimize fuel consumption. For transient operation, such as idle-to-takeoff, the MPC goal is to track a thrust demand profile, while minimizing turbine temperatures for extended engine time-on-wing. Simulations at different steady-state conditions over the flight envelope show important fuel savings with respect to current control technology. Simulations for a set of usual transient show that the TF/EKF/MPC combination can track a desired transient thrust profile and achieve significant reductions in peak and steady-state turbine gas and metal. These temperature reductions contribute heavily to extend the engine time-on-wing. Results for both steady state and transient operation modes are shown to be robust with respect to engine-engine variability, engine deterioration, and flight envelope operating point conditions. The approach proposed provides a natural framework for optimal accommodation of engine faults through integration with fault detection algorithms followed by update of the engine model and optimization constraints consistent with the fault. This is a potential future work direction.

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