scholarly journals Optimizing Piezoelectric Material Location and Size for Multiple-Mode Vibration Reduction of Turbomachinery Blades

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Kelley ◽  
Garrett K. Lopp ◽  
Jeffrey L. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Aerodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Turbomachinery Blades ◽  
Mode Vibration

Abstract Modern turbomachinery blades have extremely low inherent damping, which can lead to high transient vibrations and failure through high-cycle fatigue. Smart materials enable vibration reduction while meeting strict blade requirements such as weight and aerodynamic efficiency. In particular, piezoelectric-based vibration reduction offers the potential to reduce vibration semi-actively while simultaneously harvesting sufficient energy to power the implementation. The placement and the size of the piezoelectric material is critical to the vibration reduction capabilities of the system. Furthermore, the implementation should target multiple vibration modes. This study develops a procedure to optimize electromechanical coupling across multiple vibration modes for a representative turbomachinery blade with surface-mounted piezoelectric patches. Experimental validation demonstrates good coupling across three targeted modes with a single piezoelectric patch. Placing the piezoelectric material in regions of high signed strain energy for all targeted modes enables vibration reduction across all of the targeted modes.

Optimal Placement and Sizing of Piezoelectric Material for Multiple-Mode Vibration Reduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Kelley ◽  
Jeffrey L. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Aerodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Turbomachinery Blades ◽  
Mode Vibration

Modern turbomachinery blades have extremely low inherent damping, which can lead to high transient vibrations and failure through high-cycle fatigue. Recent research seeks methods to reduce vibration with minimal effect on the weight and aerodynamic efficiency of the blade. Smart materials present an interesting means to augment the mechanical characteristics of the blade while meeting the strict requirements of the turboma-chinery environment. In particular, piezoelectric-based vibration reduction offers the potential to semi-actively reduce vibration while simultaneously harvesting enough energy to power the implementation. The placement and size of the piezoelectric material is critical to the vibration reduction capabilities of the system. Furthermore, the implementation should target multiple vibration modes. This work develops a procedure to optimize electromechanical coupling across multiple vibration modes for a representative turbine blade with a surface-mounted piezoelectric patch.

scholarly journals Deposition of Energy using Piezoelectric Material and its Application in TPMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 4236-4241
Author(s):  
Vishal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Ambient Vibrations ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Tire Pressure Monitoring System ◽  
Self Powered

The limited lifespan in portable, remote and implantable devices and the need to recharge or replace batteries periodically has been a consistent issue. Ambient energy can usually be found in the form of thermal energy, vibrational energy and solar energy. Among these energy sources, vibrational energy presents a constant presence in nature and artificial structures. Energy harvesting through piezoelectric materials by extracting power from ambient vibrations is a promising technology. The material is capable to harvest sufficient energy required to make autonomous and self-powered electronic systems. The characteristic of piezoelectric material is electromechanical coupling between electrical and mechanical domains. The design of a piezoelectric device for the purpose of storing the kinetic energy of random vibrations at the wheel of a vehicle is presented. The harvester is optimized to power the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). The aim is to make of the value of power and voltage outputs for different input frequency conditions. A typical TPMS system consists of a battery operated one, in this paper bimorph is designed to powering a TPMS commercial feasibility of this option is compared to existing TPMS modules, which require batteries for operation.

Effect of Switching Impulse on Piezoelectric-Based Vibration Reduction With Multiple Patches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Kelley ◽  
Jeffrey L. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Self Powered

Abstract Piezoelectric-based vibration reduction has the potential to improve the lifetime and structural integrity of turbomachinery blades by reducing the risk of high-cycle fatigue. Semi-active techniques produce small, self-powered implementations that can meet the strict design requirements for rotating machinery. Most semi-active techniques switch piezoelectric transducers between an open circuit and a shunt circuit in a way that reduces vibration. However, these switches produce a small impulse on the structure due to the electromechanical coupling of the piezoelectric material. Since multiple-mode vibration reduction typically requires distributed sections of piezoelectric material, the switching impulse generated by one transducer may affect others. This study investigates the effect of the switching impulse on the non-switched piezoelectric transducers. Experimental testing shows the switching impulse induces a voltage response at the natural frequencies of the structure, with the strongest responses occurring at modes where both the switched and non-switched piezoelectric transducers have high electromechanical coupling. Furthermore, piezoelectric sections that lack coupling at the excitation frequency of the structure exhibit a more noticeable response to the switching impulse. This response enables remote sensing of switches, which may facilitate wireless coordinated switch timing.

Extended Bond Graph Reticulation of Piezoelectric Continua

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Shin Lee ◽  
Tess J. Moon ◽  
Glenn Y. Masada
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Bond Graph ◽  
The Other ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Coupling Effects ◽  
Electromechanical Effects ◽  
Constitutive Properties

Extended Bond Graph (EBG) reticulations for general and linear piezoelectric continua are developed in this paper. The EBG formulation is especially advantageous for modeling the distributed coupled electromechanical effects of these materials and for combining this representation with other discrete models. The electromechanical coupling effects are represented by a multiport C-element for the general piezoelectric material. For linear constitutive properties, the coupling effects are represented by two multiport C-elements; one for the strain energy and the other for the capacitance storage, and a transformer that converts the power flows between the two energy domains. Details of the developments of the general formulation and of the specific models are provided. This work represents the first application of EBGs to electric fields.

A layered shell containing patches of piezoelectric fibers and interdigitated electrodes: Finite element modeling and experimental validation

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo B Nielsen ◽  
Martin S Nielsen ◽  
Ilmar F Santos
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Modeling ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Shear Deformation Theory ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Interdigitated Electrodes ◽  
Element Modeling

The work gives a theoretical and experimental contribution to the problem of smart materials connected to double curved flexible shells. In the theoretical part the finite element modeling of a double curved flexible shell with a piezoelectric fiber patch with interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) is presented. The developed element is based on a purely mechanical eight-node isoparametric layered element for a double curved shell, utilizing first-order shear deformation theory. The electromechanical coupling of piezoelectric material is added to all elements, but can also be excluded by setting the piezoelectric material properties to zero. The electrical field applied via the IDEs is aligned with the piezoelectric fibers, and hence the direct d33 piezoelectric constant is utilized for the electromechanical coupling. The dynamic performance of a shell with a microfiber composite (MFC) patch is investigated using frequency response functions (FRFs) obtained via external impact test as well as internal random signal excitation using the MCF patch as an actuator. The experiments are used to validate the numerical results. Good agreement between theory and experiments is obtained in a large frequency range. Discrepancies and insights into optimal modeling frequency range and non-linear behavior are discussed.

Vibration-Based Crack Detection in L-Frames

2014 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Jean Louis Ntakpe ◽  
Gilbert Rainer Gillich ◽  
Florian Muntean ◽  
Zeno Iosif Praisach ◽  
Peter Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Non Destructive

This paper presents a novel non-destructive method to locate and size damages in frame structures, performed by examining and interpreting changes in measured vibration response. The method bases on a relation, prior contrived by the authors, between the strain energy distribution in the structure for the transversal vibration modes and the modal changes (in terms of natural frequencies) due to damage. Using this relation a damage location indicator DLI was derived, which permits to locate cracks in spatial structures. In this paper an L-frame is considered for proving the applicability of this method. First the mathematical expressions for the modes shapes and their derivatives were determined and simulation result compared with that obtained by finite element analysis. Afterwards patterns characterizing damage locations were derived and compared with measurement results on the real structure; the DLI permitted accurate localization of any crack placed in the two structural elements.

Hybrid Actuation in Coupled Ionic / Conducting Polymer Devices

2003 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Bennett ◽  
Donald J. Leo
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Polymer Membrane ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Polymer Actuators ◽  
Ionic Conducting ◽  
Initial Results

ABSTRACTIonic polymer membrane actuators represent a relatively new and exciting entry into the field of smart materials. Several key limitations of these transducers have prevented them from experiencing widespread use, however. For example, the bandwidth of these devices is limited at very low frequencies by characteristic relaxation and at high frequencies by the low elastic modulus of the polymer. In this paper, an overview of the initial results of work with hybrid ionic / conducting polymer actuators is presented. These hybrid actuators are devices that combine the electromechanical coupling of ionic polymer actuators and conducting polymer actuators into one coupled device. Initial results show that these hybrid devices have the potential to offer marked advantages over traditional ionic polymer membrane transducers, including increased stress and strain generation and higher actuation bandwidth. Details of the preparation of these devices and performance metrics are presented and comparisons to baseline materials are made.

Numerical Investigations of Localized Vibrations of Mistuned Blade Integrated Disks (Blisks)

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Klauke ◽  
A. Kühhorn ◽  
B. Beirow ◽  
M. Golze
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Blade Vibration ◽  
Nodal Diameter ◽  
Mode Localization ◽  
Bladed Disk ◽  
High Pressure Compressor ◽  
Localized Vibrations ◽  
Pressure Compressor ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Blade-to-blade variations of bladed disk assemblies result in local zoning of vibration modes as well as amplitude magnifications, which primarily reduces the high cycle fatigue life of aeroengines. Criteria were introduced to determine the level of these mode localization effects depending on various parameters of a real high pressure compressor blisk rotor. The investigations show that blade vibration modes with lower interblade coupling, e.g., torsion modes or modes with high numbers of nodal diameter lines, have a significantly higher sensitivity to blade mistuning, which can be characterized by the higher percentage of blades on the total blisk strain energy.

Switch Triggers for Optimal Vibration Reduction via Resonance Frequency Detuning

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett K. Lopp ◽  
Jeffrey L. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Vibration Reduction ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Frequency Detuning ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Response Dynamics

For systems subjected to linear frequency sweep excitation, piezoelectric-based resonance frequency detuning provides vibration reduction by altering the stiffness state of the material as it passes through resonance. This vibration reduction technique applies to turbomachinery experiencing changes in rotation speed, for example on spool-up and spool-down. The peak response dynamics are determined by the system’s sweep rate, modal damping ratio, electromechanical coupling coefficient, and, most importantly, the frequency at which the stiffness state is altered. An analytical approach is employed to solve the nondimensional single degree of freedom equation of motion and is scaled to incorporate the altered system frequency following the stiffness state switch. This paper provides an extensive study over a range of sweep rates, damping ratios, and electromechanical coupling coefficients to determine the optimal frequency switch trigger that minimizes the response envelope. This switch trigger is primarily a function of the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the phase of vibration at which the switch occurs. As the coupling coefficient increases, the switch trigger decreases and is approximately linear with the square of this coupling coefficient. Furthermore, as with other state-switching techniques, the optimal frequency switch occurs when the phase of vibration is at the point of maximum displacement, or peak strain energy.

Investigation of flexible multi-mode harmonic vibration for the automatic washing process

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (12) ◽  
pp. 2373-2384
Author(s):  
J-L Kuo ◽  
T-Y Wang
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Process ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Blade Angle ◽  
Sinusoidal Vibration ◽  
Automatic Process Control ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Mode Vibration ◽  
Multi Mode

This article discusses multi-mode vibration for the vibration motor in the washing process. Sinusoidal vibration modes for the speed servo command are carefully designed for flexible control. Different kinds of operating modes for possible automatic process control are provided. Three basic and five extended vibration modes for different operations are proposed. Simulation and experimental results will be compared to verify the formulation. To make the washing process more flexible, various servo commands are provided to be reconfigurable for the required vibration motion. Differing from the conventional approach of mechanically regulating the blade angle of the vibration motor, multi-mode vibration developed by the software approach is successfully proposed. It is easier for the washing process to be electrically regulated instead of it being a mechanical operation only. It is believed that this article will be beneficial for the application of an automatic washing process of the washing machine.

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