scholarly journals Study of Energy Saving Analysis for Different Industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Abdel-Hadi ◽  
Abdel Rahman Salem ◽  
Ahmad I. Abbas ◽  
Mohammad Qandil ◽  
Ryoichi S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Metal Industry ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
Fabricated Metal ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Knowing That

Abstract This study analyzes the energy consumption and saving performance in the industries in the U.S.A. All energy assessments implemented were for facilities whose annual energy consumptions were less than 9,000,000 kWh (small- and medium-sized industries) that belong to the manufacturing industries with Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes ranging from 2000 to 3999 in addition to SIC codes starting with 49. In this study, assessments are classified based on the SIC codes with recommendations analysis for each classification to get a better idea of what recommendations were suggested in each major industrial sector, knowing that 68 assessments were made, and their SIC ranged from 14 to 49. In addition, this study could be considered as a guide for energy engineers and other personnel involved in the energy assessment process. The information investigated can give a better prediction for composing better energy-demanding industries and minimizing energy consumption. More than 61 energy assessments were conducted for manufacturing facilities and analyzing the data gathered and processed. Through the research, the Fabricated Metal industry achieved the highest average kWh savings and cost savings within the industries studied in this study. According to the average gigajoule (GJ) savings, the fabricated metal industry ranked second within the studied industries. Conversely, Food and Kindred Products achieved the highest GJ energy savings within the studied industries. Lighting, motors, compressors, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) were the most contributing industries in a total of 547 recommendations.

A Comparative Study of Industrial Energy Assessments for Small and Medium-Sized Industrial Facilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad I. Abbas ◽  
Mandana S. Saravani ◽  
Muhannad R. Al-Haddad ◽  
Ryoichi S. Amano ◽  
Mohammad Darwish Qandil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Cost ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Industrial Energy

The Industrial Assessment Center at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (WM-IAC) has implemented over 100 industrial energy, waste, and productivity assessments, and has recommended $9.5 million of energy and operational savings with about 950 recommendations since it was re-established in 2011. This paper analyzes the assessments, and the recommendations were performed over two years only, 2014 and 2015. During these two years, a total of 40 assessments were created by visiting different manufacturing facilities with the analysis of the data gathered and processed. The determinants of the data were the number of recommendations, recommended energy savings (in kWh/year), recommended energy cost savings (in US$/year), implemented energy savings (in US$/year), the Standard Industrial Code (SIC) and the groups of Energy Efficiency Opportunities (EEOs). Such an analytical study was meant to reveal the significance of EEO groups through a variety of SICs in terms of the potential for energy savings, particularly focused towards choosing plant facilities for IAC assessments. Additionally, this paper could be considered as a guide for plant managers, energy engineers and other personnel involved in the energy assessment process. Conclusions are inferred with respect to the most promising EEOs that can be resolved based on the characteristics of the manufacturing plants visited. The information investigated can pave the way for composing energy demanding industries and expose priority goal areas regarding minimizing the energy consumption.

scholarly journals Systematic Simplified Simulation Methodology for Deep Energy Retrofitting Towards Nze Targets Using Life Cycle Energy Assessment

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Sánchez Ramos ◽  
MCarmen Guerrero Delgado ◽  
Servando Álvarez Domínguez ◽  
José Luis Molina Félix ◽  
Francisco José Sánchez de la Flor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

The reduction of energy consumption in the residential sector presents substantial potential through the implementation of energy efficiency improvement measures. Current trends involve the use of simulation tools which obtain the buildings’ energy performance to support the development of possible solutions to help reduce energy consumption. However, simulation tools demand considerable amounts of data regarding the buildings’ geometry, construction, and frequency of use. Additionally, the measured values tend to be different from the estimated values obtained with the use of energy simulation programs, an issue known as the ‘performance gap’. The proposed methodology provides a solution for both of the aforementioned problems, since the amount of data needed is considerably reduced and the results are calibrated using measured values. This new approach allows to find an optimal retrofitting project by life cycle energy assessment, in terms of cost and energy savings, for individual buildings as well as several blocks of buildings. Furthermore, the potential for implementation of the methodology is proven by obtaining a comprehensive energy rehabilitation plan for a residential building. The developed methodology provides highly accurate estimates of energy savings, directly linked to the buildings’ real energy needs, reducing the difference between the consumption measured and the predictions.

scholarly journals Modelling energy efficiency and generation potential in the South African wastewater services sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-890
Author(s):  
John N. Zvimba ◽  
Eustina V. Musvoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South African ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Optimal Process ◽  
The South ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Energy Conservation Measures

Abstract About 55% of energy used in the South African water cycle is for wastewater treatment, with the bulk of this energy associated with aeration in biological processes. However, up to 15% of wastewater energy demand can be offset by energy generation from sludge (power and/or combined heat and power), while best practices adoption can deliver energy efficiency gains of between 5% and 25% in the water cycle. Advanced process modelling and simulation has been applied in this study as a tool to evaluate optimal process and aeration control strategies. This study further applied advanced modelling to investigate and predict the potential energy consumption and consumption cost pattern by the South African wastewater sector resulting from implementation of optimal process and aeration energy use reduction strategies in support of sustainable municipal wastewater management. Aeration energy consumption and cost savings of 9–45% were demonstrated to be achievable through implementation of energy conservation measures without compromising final effluent regulatory compliance. The study further provided significant potential future energy savings as high as 50% and 78% through implementation of simple and complex aeration energy conservation measures respectively. Generally, the model-predicted energy savings suggest that adoption of energy efficiency should be coupled with electricity generation from sludge in order to achieve maximum energy consumption and cost savings within the South African wastewater services sector.

scholarly journals Industrial Decarbonization by a New Energy-Baseline Methodology. Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1960
Author(s):  
Rosaura Castrillón-Mendoza ◽  
Javier M. Rey-Hernández ◽  
Francisco J. Rey-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Impact

The main target of climate change policies in the majority of industrialized countries is to reduce energy consumption in their facilities, which would reduce the carbon emissions that are generated. Through this idea, energy management plans are developed, energy reduction targets are established, and energy-efficient technologies are applied to achieve high energy savings, which are environmentally compatible. In order to evaluate the impact of their operations and investments, companies promote measures of performance in their energy management plans. An integral part of measuring energy performance is the establishment of energy baselines applicable to the complete facility that provide a basis for evaluating energy efficiency improvements and incorporating energy performance indicators. The implementation of energy management systems in accordance with the requirements of ISO Standard 50001 is a contribution to the aim and strategies for improving cleaner production in industries. This involves an option for the industry to establish energy benchmarks to evaluate performance, predict energy consumption, and align production with the lowest possible consumption of primary and secondary forms of energy. Ultimately, this goal should lead to the manufacturing of cleaner products that are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, and are in accordance with the global environmental targets of cleaner manufacturing. This paper discusses an alternative for establishing energy baselines for the industrial sector in which several products are produced from a single raw material, and we determined the energy consumption of each product and its impact on the overall efficiency of the industry at the same time. The method is applied to the plastic injection process and the result is an energy baseline (EBL) in accordance with the requirements of ISO 50001, which serves as a reference for determining energy savings. The EBL facilitates a reduction in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in sectors such as plastics, a sector which accounts for 15% of Colombia’s manufacturing GDP.

scholarly journals Florida Citrus Processing Facility Takes Leadership Role in Conducting a Facility Wide Insulation Energy Assessment

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald (Ron) King ◽  
G. Christopher P. Crall
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Engineering Conference ◽  
Ambient Systems

After attending a National Insulation Association (NIA) presentation on Insulation, The Forgotten Technology at ASME’s 2007 Citrus Engineering Conference, a major citrus processing facility in central Florida decided to examine the condition of their insulation systems and determine the potential energy savings that could be achieved by replacing or repairing their existing insulation. Facility management had previously examined abbreviated energy assessments for above and below ambient systems but had not commissioned an extensive below ambient assessment. Due to the age, complexity, and recent weather history of the facility (i.e. hurricanes), management wanted to examine the condition of the thermal insulation systems and any effect its condition may have on the refrigerant piping and overall system operating costs. The assessment process was more complex than originally anticipated and yielded a wealth of meaningful information. The facility covers about 50 acres and consists of a variety of production, warehousing, and shipping/receiving facilities. It is estimated that the facility processes roughly one billion pounds of oranges and grapefruits each year into juice and juice products. Refrigeration for the site is provided by a large and complex ammonia refrigeration system. A total of eight “engine rooms” house electric driven compressors and associated vessels and equipment. Installed capacity is roughly 3,000 tons of refrigeration with an estimated energy cost on the order of $2 million per year. The ammonia refrigerant is distributed throughout the site via a complex and interconnected refrigerant piping system. The total refrigerant charge in the system is roughly 300,000 lbs of ammonia. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Reducing The Energy Consumption By Using Floor Heating With Phase Change Materials In The Toronto Climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Fialkov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Floor Heating

This major research project focuses on reducing the energy consumption, by modelling a radiant floor heating system with phase change materials, in the Toronto climate. Computer generated simulations were performed using DesignBuilder software, using an example of a typical condominium in Toronto .Two south facing suites and two north facing suites were investigated. Of those suites, one north facing suite had PCM below the finished floor, as well as one south facing suite. The objective of these simulations was to determine the impact of using PCM in the condo suites. Three different types of PCM were used, in order to determine which type had the biggest energy savings. The PCMs were M91/Q21, M51/Q21 and M27/Q21. The final results showed that the suites with the M27/Q21 PCM had the lowest energy usage. A cost savings comparison was performed based on the rate of energy used and the cost of the energy, provided by the Ontario Energy Board.

scholarly journals Building energy simulations for different building types equipped with a high performance thermochromic smart window

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
D Mann ◽  
C Yeung ◽  
R Habets ◽  
Z Vroon ◽  
P Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With constantly progressing climate change and global warming, we face the challenge to reduce our energy consumption and CO2 emission. To increase the energy-efficiency in buildings, we developed a thermochromic coating for smart windows which is optimized for intermediate climates. Here we present a building energy simulation study for the use of our smart window in the four main residential building types in the Netherlands. In the study we show that for all building types energy savings between 15-30% can be achieved. Hereby the impact of the windows on energy consumption is dependent on the window surface area as well as the total floor space. Furthermore we show that by the use of our new smart window, where the thermochromic coating is combined with a standard low-e coating, annual cost savings for energy between 220-445 € for a single household can be achieved. The thermochromic coating usually accounts for half of these cost savings, that is an addition in cost savings between 6-7.5 €/m2 glass. Due to the low material and processing costs for the thermochromic coating, a return on invest within 7 years should be feasible with these annual cost savings.

scholarly journals Energy Benchmarking And Energy Saving Assessment In High-Rise Multi-Unit Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yirong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Energy Star ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Energy Benchmarking ◽  
Simple Ratio

The purpose of energy benchmarking is to promote efficient use of energy. Knowing that the energy used by a building is excessive is the first step in making positive changes. Based on an energy benchmark, one can estimate the potential in energy and cost savings when pursuing better performance. This thesis developed weather normalized energy benchmarking of 45 gas-heated high-rise multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) in Toronto. The weather normalized annual energy consumption (NAC) was calculated by the PRInceton Scorekeeping Method (PRISM). The NACs are in the range from 242 to 453 kWh/m The NACs, calculated by the simple ratio weather normalization (SRWN) method and ENERGY STAR® Portfolio Management (PM) method were comparable to PRISM results. However, the SRWN method tends to overestimate the energy saving by 23% while PM underestimates it by 21%.

scholarly journals GPF: A Green Power Forwarding Technique for Energy-Efficient Network Operations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahil Gandotra ◽  
Levi Perigo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Routing Metric ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Network Operations ◽  
Network Administrators

The energy consumption of network infrastructures is increasing; therefore, research efforts designed to diminish this growing carbon footprint are necessary. Building on prior work, which determined a difference in the energy consumption of network hardware based on their forwarding configurations and developed a real-time network energy monitoring tool, this research proposes a novel technique to incorporate individual device energy efficiency into network routing decisions. A new routing metric and algorithm are presented to select the lowest-power, least-congested paths between destinations, known as Green Power Forwarding (GPF). In addition, a network dial is developed to enhance GPF by allowing network administrators to tune the network to optimally operate between energy savings and network performance. To ensure the scope of this research for industry adoption, implementation details for different generations of networking infrastructure (past, present, and future) are also discussed. The experiment results indicate that significant energy and, in turn, cost savings can be achieved by employing the proposed GPF technique without a reduction in network performance. The future directions for this research include developing dynamically-tuning network dial modes and extending the principles to inter-domain routing.

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