Rotordynamic Behavior of Leaf Seals: Measurement of Frequency-Dependent Force Coefficients for Varying Inlet Parameters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Griebel
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Labyrinth Seal ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Leaf Pack ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Positive Direct

Abstract While brush seals can be found in various applications for turbomachines today, leaf seals are a further development in compliant seal technology and have a lower level of maturity. Among the purported advantages are greater axial rigidity when subject to higher pressure differences and the potential for non-contacting operation due to lift-up. However, especially their rotordynamic behavior is little investigated in the literature so far. In this paper, measured rotordynamic force coefficients of a leaf seal are presented for varying inlet pressures, preswirl velocities and excitation frequencies. The leaf pack of the tested leaf seal has zero rotor cold clearance and its coverplates are designed for facilitating a lift-up effect when pressurizing the seal. Experiments were performed on a dynamic test rig with whirling rotor using active magnetic bearing technology and evaluated in the frequency domain based on the impedance method. Test results for the leaf seal reveal positive direct stiffness and an advantageous rotordynamic behavior due to significant levels of direct damping and negative cross-coupled stiffness throughout the operating parameter range. Leaf seal results are compared to brush and labyrinth seal data from previous studies for varying inlet pressures and preswirl velocities. Additional computational fluid dynamics simulations were carried out to predict the leaf deflection moment, which support the findings regarding hydrostatic lift-up from the experimental results.

scholarly journals Rotordynamic Force Coefficients of Pocket Damper Seals

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ertas ◽  
A. Gamal ◽  
J. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Force Density ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Cross Axis ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

This paper presents measured frequency dependent stiffness and damping coefficients for 12-bladed and 8-bladed pocket damper seals (PDS) subdivided into four different seal configurations. Rotating experimental tests are presented for inlet pressures at 69 bar (1000 psi), a frequency excitation range of 20–300 Hz, and rotor speeds up to 20,200 rpm. The testing method used to determine direct and cross-coupled force coefficients was the mechanical impedance method, which required the measurement of external shaker forces, system accelerations, and motion in two orthogonal directions. In addition to the impedance measurements, dynamic pressure responses were measured for individual seal cavities of the eight-bladed PDS. Results of the frequency dependent force coefficients for the four PDS designs are compared. The conclusions of the tests show that the eight-bladed PDS possessed significantly more positive direct damping and negative direct stiffness than the 12-bladed seal. The results from the dynamic pressure response tests show that the diverging clearance design strongly influences the dynamic pressure phase and force density of the seal cavities. The tests also revealed the measurement of same-sign cross-coupled (cross-axis) stiffness coefficients for all seals, which indicate that the seals do not produce a destabilizing influence on rotor-bearing systems.

scholarly journals Rotordynamic Force Coefficients of Pocket Damper Seals

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ertas ◽  
A. Gamal ◽  
J. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Force Density ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Direct Stiffness ◽  
Cross Axis ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

This paper presents measured frequency dependent stiffness and damping coefficients for 12 and 8 bladed pocket damper seals (PDS) subdivided into 4 different seal configurations. Rotating experimental test are presented for inlet pressures at 69 bar (1,000 psi), a frequency excitation range of 20–300 Hz, and rotor speeds up to 20,200 rpm. The testing method used to determine direct and cross-coupled force coefficients was the mechanical impedance method, which required the measurement of external shaker forces, system accelerations, and motion in two orthogonal directions. In addition to the impedance measurements, dynamic pressure responses were measured for individual seal cavities of the 8 bladed PDS. Results of the frequency dependent force coefficients for the 4 PDS designs are compared. The conclusions of the test show that the 8 bladed PDS possessed significantly more positive direct damping and negative direct stiffness than the 12 bladed seal. The results from the dynamic pressure response tests show that the diverging clearance design strongly influences the dynamic pressure phase and force density of the seal cavities. The tests also revealed the measurement of same-sign cross-coupled (cross-axis) stiffness coefficients for all seals, which indicate that the seals do not produce a de-stabilizing influence on rotor-bearing systems.

Experimental Force Coefficients for a Two-Bladed Labyrinth Seal and a Four-Pocket Damper Seal

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ransom ◽  
Jiming Li ◽  
Luis San Andre´s ◽  
John Vance
Keyword(s):  
Labyrinth Seal ◽  
Supported Housing ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Direct Stiffness ◽  
Gas Damper ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Impact

Experiments are presented to identify the stiffness and damping force coefficients of a two-blade, teeth on stator labyrinth seal with diverging clearance and its modified version as a four-pocket gas damper seal. The seals were tested without journal rotation and at rotor speeds of 1500 rpm and 3000 rpm for seal supply to ambient pressure ratios ranging from 1 to 3. Calibrated impact loads excite a flexibly supported housing holding rigidly the test seal. The impact loads and seal displacement and acceleration time responses are measured and recorded as frequency spectra. The instrumental variable filter method is used to identify the seal dynamic force coefficients from the measured transfer functions over a frequency range. The experiments demonstrate the four pocket gas damper seal has large (positive) direct damping coefficients and relatively small (negative) direct stiffness coefficients. The two bladed labyrinth seal exhibits positive direct stiffness and negative damping force coefficients. The leakage performance of both seals is nearly identical. The four pocket damper seal clearly outperforms the labyrinth seal in terms of rotordynamic forces. Both seals show a minimal amount of cross-coupling force effects, well within the experimental uncertainty.

scholarly journals Design of Active Magnetic Bearing Controllers for Rotors Subjected to Gas Seal Forces

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas S. Lauridsen ◽  
Ilmar F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Annular Seal ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Dynamic Seal ◽  
Rotor Dynamic

Proper design of feedback controllers is crucial for ensuring high performance of active magnetic bearing (AMB) supported rotor dynamic systems. Annular seals in those systems can contribute significant forces, which, in many cases, are hard to model in advance due to complex geometries of the seal and multiphase fluids. Hence, it can be challenging to design AMB controllers that will guarantee robust performance for these kinds of systems. This paper demonstrates the design, simulation, and experimental results of model-based controllers for AMB systems, subjected to dynamic seal forces. The controllers are found using H∞ and μ synthesis and are based on a global rotor dynamic model in which the seal coefficients are identified in situ. The controllers are implemented in a rotor-dynamic test facility with two radial AMBs and one annular seal with an adjustable inlet pressure. The seal is a smooth annular type, with large clearance (worn seal) and with high preswirl, which generates significant cross-coupled forces. The H∞ controller is designed to compensate for the seal forces and the μ controller is furthermore designed to be robust against a range of pressures across the seal. In this study, the rotor is nonrotating. Experimental and simulation results show that significant performance can be achieved using the model-based controllers compared to a reference decentralized proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and robustness against large variations of pressure across the seal can be improved by the use of robust synthesized controllers.

Rotordynamic Force Coefficients for a New Damper Seal Design

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bugra H. Ertas ◽  
John M. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Seal Design ◽  
Cross Axis ◽  
Gas Damper ◽  
Positive Direct

The objective of the following work was to determine frequency-dependent rotordynamic force coefficients for a new annular gas damper seal design. Both rotating and nonrotating experimental tests are presented for inlet pressures at 1000psig(69bar), a frequency excitation range of 20-300Hz, and rotor speeds up to 15,200rpm. Two different testing methods were used for determining coefficients: (1) dynamic pressure response method and (2) mechanical impedance method. The dynamic pressure method required the measurement of internal seal cavity pressure modulations in combination with the vibratory motion, whereas the mechanical impedance method used the measurement of external shaker forces, accelerations, and motion of the mechanical system. In addition to the new fully partitioned damper seal (FPDS) tests, the same experiments were conducted for a conventional pocket damper seal (PDS) design. Results of the frequency-dependent force coefficients and the internal seal dynamics for the two different gas damper seals are compared. The conclusions of the tests show that the FPDS design possesses significantly more positive direct damping and direct stiffness compared to the conventional PDS. The experiments also show the measurement of same-sign cross-coupled (cross-axis) stiffness coefficients for both seals, which indicate that the seals do not produce a destabilizing influence on rotor-bearing systems.

scholarly journals Application of the Dynamic Iterative Learning Control to the Heteroplanar Active Magnetic Bearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 1511-1516
Author(s):  
Lukasz Hladowski ◽  
Arkadiusz Mystkowski ◽  
Krzysztof Galkowski ◽  
Eric Rogers ◽  
Bing Chu
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Learning Control ◽  
Learning Control ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Iterative Learning ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing

Analysis of supercritical pitchfork bifurcation in active magnetic bearing-rotor system with current saturation

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123
Author(s):  
Xiaoshen Zhang ◽  
Zhe Sun ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Xunshi Yan ◽  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pitchfork Bifurcation ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Current Saturation
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