Optimization of the Process Parameters for Hydrotreating Used Cooking Oil by the Taguchi Method and Fuzzy Logic

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Ankit Sonthalia ◽  
Rashi Koul
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Reaction Pressure ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil

Abstract Hydrotreating process is an alternate approach for producing diesel hydrocarbons from the biomass-based oils. In the present study, used cooking oil was selected for the hydrotreating process due to its high abundance. A batch reactor was used for carrying out the experiments. To increase the reaction rate a manganese, cerium promoted ruthenium-based catalyst supported on Al2O3 was used. The design of experiments was used for optimizing the process parameters. The Taguchi method was selected as it reduces the number of experiments which saves time and money. The study was aimed at increasing the conversion percentage and diesel selectivity and reducing the naphtha selectivity. Since multi-objective optimization was required, fuzzy logic was incorporated which utilizes the human thought logic. The analysis of variance shows that the reaction temperature and reaction pressure significantly affect the output parameters. Higher temperature leads to cracking of the oil resulting in the formation of large amount of lower carbon chains. Moreover, high hydrogen pressure results in increase in the hydrogenation process, thereby increasing the diesel selectivity. The optimized parameters obtained from the study were 360 °C reaction temperature, 40-bar initial reaction pressure, and 200-min reaction time. Confirmation experiment was carried out using these parameters, and the conversion efficiency and diesel selectivity was 89.7% and 88.2%, respectively. The study shows that the combination of Taguchi and fuzzy logic is an effective method for optimizing the process parameters of the hydrotreating process.

scholarly journals A Comparison Study of the Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Conversion of Used Cooking Oil into High Grade Chemicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Wali Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Metal Oxide Catalysts ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Product Species

Cracking of edible oils occurs at high temperature and forms valued low molecular weight chemical species. The aim of the current study was to find a catalyst which can break these heavy molecules at the lower ranges of temperatures. From the analysis prospective, the non-condensable hydrocarbons (gaseous product species) were not determined and reactions study was carried out in a batch reactor. There was no evident conversion up to a temperature of 450 °C in the absence of catalyst whereas the reaction mixture was left inside a batch reactor for a long duration of an hour. Reaction parameters, such as catalyst types (ZnO and Al2O3), amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, residence or holding time, and heating rate to reach a reaction temperature were systematically examined. Powdered form of catalyst samples (ZnO and Al2O3) were characterized by using XRD, EDX, and Nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Temperatures studied over ZnO catalyst were 400 °C, 425 °C, 450 °C, 475 °C, and 500 °C. The maximum oil conversion was 81 % at a temperature of 450 °C. We observed that the conversion increases from 400 °C to 450 °C, whereas above 450 °C it starts to decrease. However, in comparison to ZnO catalyst the reaction rate was much higher over the Al2O3, i.e. a considerable conversion occurred at lower ranges of temperatures. Thus here a different set of temperatures (330 °C, 370 °C, 390 °C, 410 °C, and 430°C) were used. When reacting for an hour at a temperature of 390 °C, and in the presence of 8 wt.% of Al2O3 (same catalyst mass was used in ZnO reacting system) the conversion reached to 71 %. Above 390 °C the conversion decreased. Over both tested metal oxide catalysts the caloric value, density, flash point, and kinematic viscosity of the liquid product species were similar to petro fuels. The XRD and EDX signature of the catalyst samples corresponds to the standard ZnO and Al2O3 patterns. Finally, when compared to ZnO the better activity over the Al2O3 (higher conversion at lower temperature) catalyst can be linked with a high external surface area.

scholarly journals Optimization and Modeling of Process Parameters in Multi-Hole Simultaneous Drilling Using Taguchi Method and Fuzzy Logic Approach

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Shanshan Tu ◽  
Majid Tolouei-Rad ◽  
Khaled Giasin ◽  
Ana Vafadar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Approach ◽  
Logic Approach

In industries such as aerospace and automotive, drilling many holes is commonly required to assemble different structures where machined holes need to comply with tight geometric tolerances. Multi-spindle drilling using a poly-drill head is an industrial hole-making approach that allows drilling several holes simultaneously. Optimizing process parameters also improves machining processes. This work focuses on the optimization of drilling parameters and two drilling processes—namely, one-shot drilling and multi-hole drilling—using the Taguchi method. Analysis of variance and regression analysis was implemented to indicate the significance of drilling parameters and their impact on the measured responses i.e., surface roughness and hole size. From the Taguchi optimization, optimal drilling parameters were found to occur at a low cutting speed and feed rate using a poly-drill head. Furthermore, a fuzzy logic approach was employed to predict the surface roughness and hole size. It was found that the fuzzy measured values were in good agreement with the experimental values; therefore, the developed models can be effectively used to predict the surface roughness and hole size in multi-hole drilling. Moreover, confirmation tests were performed to validate that the Taguchi optimized levels and fuzzy developed models effectively represent the surface roughness and hole size.

scholarly journals Study of calcined eggshell as potential catalyst for biodiesel formation using used cooking oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1166-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Wong ◽  
R.X. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Eggshell Catalyst

AbstractEggshells were utilized as a cost effective catalyst to assist in biodiesel formation. Eggshells were calcined using different calcination conditions such as temperature and time. The eggshells underwent calcination under 1000 °C in which calcium carbonate was completely converted into calcium oxide under open air conditions. The calcined eggshell catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Then the eggshell derived CaO catalyst was subjected to transesterification of used cooking oil (UCO). The parametrics in the transesterification of used cooking oil such as a methanol to oil ratio, weight of catalyst and reaction temperature were evaluated. The optimum result exhibited a 4:1 methanol to oil ratio, 2wt % catalyst, and a 65 °C reaction temperature within two hours. Pure calcined CaO acted as the control of the experiment that was subject to the most optimum eggshell derived catalyst transesterification conditions. The catalytic activity for both the pure calcined CaO and the calcined eggshell derived catalyst were comparable. The biodiesel formation was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

scholarly journals The effect of process parameters on catalytic direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
M K Koh ◽  
Y J Wong ◽  
A R Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Methanol Production ◽  
Reaction Pressure ◽  
Weight Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Methanol Formation

Abstract The direct CO2 hydrogenation to methanol is an attractive route to actively remove CO2 and to promote sustainable development. Herein, the performance of Cu-Zn-Mn catalyst supported on mesoporous silica KIT-6 (hereafter, CZM/KIT-6) for methanol synthesis by direct CO2 hydrogenation reaction was investigated by varying the process parameters, which included the weight-hourly space velocity, reaction temperature and reaction pressure. The CO2 conversion was found to decrease with the increase of WHSV. On the other hand, CO2 conversion increased with reaction temperature and pressure. Meanwhile, the methanol selectivity increased with WHSV and reaction pressure but decreased with the increase of reaction temperature. The apparent activation energy of methanol production at low reaction temperature (160 - 220 °C) was 10 kcal/mol. Non-Arrhenius behaviour of methanol formation was observed at high reaction temperature (220 - 260 °C). The performance of CZM/KIT-6 was maintained at high level, with the average methanol yield of 24.4 %, throughout the stability experiment (120-hour time-on-stream). In post-reaction XRD analysis, the copper crystallite growth was found to be 53.5 %, thus, resulting in 35.3 % loss of copper surface area.

scholarly journals Optimization of Process Parameters for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil using DOE Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3934-3939
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Accurate Temperature ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Validation Experiments

In the current study the process parameters for used cooking oil biodiesel production are optimized by using Design of Experiments (Taguchi technique) and validation experiments are carried out at the optimized parameters to cross verify the results obtained. A specially designed equipment which can maintain the exact conditions required for optimization is used. This equipment is microcontroller operated and does not require any human intervention to maintain the accurate temperature, time and other parameters. By Taguchi strategy best yield acquired is by Molar ratio of A2 (1:9), Catalyst concentration of B3 (1.00%), Reaction temperature of C2 (60ºC), Reaction time of D3 (120 min). The approval trial was completed for the results and the yield is observed to be 93.25%, which resulted in improvement of up to 15% yield as compared to that of crude method. The properties of acquired biodiesel are found out and it very well may be inferred that the properties of got biodiesel are within ASTM norms.

Synthesis of Ethylene Carbonate from Urea and Ethylene Glycol over La(NO3)3 Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Qiu ◽  
Xue Dong Jiang ◽  
Cheng Kang ◽  
Bo Lun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Reaction Pressure ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Key Parameter

Synthesis of ethylene carbonate (EC) from urea and ethylene glycol was investigated in a batch reactor using La(NO3)3 as catalyst. The reaction was performed under reduced pressure to remove the byproduct ammonia. The effect of various operation conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and reaction pressure on the EC yield was explored. It was found that the reaction pressure is a key parameter for the formation of EC. At atmospheric pressure, the reaction cannot happen. As the reaction pressure decreases, the EC yield increases significantly. Under the optimum operation conditions, which are reaction pressure 15 KPa, reaction temperature 413 K, reaction time 3 h, and catalyst concentration 10 wt.%, the EC yield can reach to 93%.

scholarly journals Optimasi Parameter Pemesinan dengan Proses Bubut pada Respon Kekasaran dan Kekerasan Permukaan Material S45-C Menggunakan Metode Taguchi - Grey - Fuzzy

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman Yasa Utama ◽  
Tri Hartutuk Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Optimal Response ◽  
Spindle Rotation ◽  
Confirmation Test

Turning is a widely used machining process in which a single-point cutting tool removes material from the surface of a rotating cylindrical work piece..Process efficiency increase  significantly can be obtained by optimizing the process parameters, namely spindle rotation (n), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (a). In this research will optimize the surface roughness and hardness  simultaneously using a combination of turning process parameters. The research was conducted on the material S45-C.Taguchi method is used, which is a combination of fuzzy logic and Taguchi method. Matlab software that has Matlab fuzzy toolbox aided fuzzy logic process. Design experiment using orthogonal array L9 (33) varying the three parameters which each parameters has three levels. Experiment design of L9 orthogonal array varied factor or cutting parameters such as spindle rotation (n), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (a). Since noise factors are excluded from the experimental design, the experiments were conducted with replication. Optimization was done by using grey-fuzzy Taguchi method. The results of the optimization process is a combination of parameters that result in an optimal response. Based on a combination of these parameters will be carried out confirmation test. Confirmation test was done to match the prediction results with the actual response.The results showed a combination of turning process parameters of S45-C that can generate the optimal response is spindle rotation (n)605 Rpm, feed rate (f) of 0,031 mm/minand depth of cut (a) of0,125 mm.

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