Sustainable Development: A Below-Knee Prostheses Liner for Resource Limited Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Sasaki ◽  
Gary Guerra ◽  
Jutima Rattanakoch ◽  
Yusuke Miyata ◽  
Sharmila Suntharalingam
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Knee Prostheses ◽  
Ethyl Vinyl ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Resource Limited

Abstract This research sought to develop a fabricable prosthetic liner that could be fabricable, intuitive, and a cost-effective means of providing advanced prosthetics in developing settings. An affordable ethyl-vinyl-acetate roll-on (AERO) liner for permitting a total surface bearing suction socket design was created and provided to a single participant for in vivo outcome measurements. The liner was fabricated from locally produced low-density ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA) foam. A liner fabrication process was developed and described, and one participant was provided 3 mm and 6 mm AERO liner variants for outcome evaluations. Six-minute walk test, residual limb temperature, and socket comfort score (SCS) while in AERO liner were collected. Thirty-day step counts of AERO liner with prosthesis and thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) liner with prosthesis were collected. The results of in vivo evaluations indicate increased speed, slightly higher residuum temperature, and increased comfort of the 6 mm AERO liner. Pedometer tallied step counts for the AERO liner and TPE liner prostheses were similar. The 6 mm AERO liner provided the best comfort and function of the two thicknesses in liners, and step count data indicated that the volume of patient activity was similar to when wearing the TPE liner prosthesis. Roll-on fabricable low-cost liners offer an affordable means of providing total surface bearing suction prostheses for resource limited environments (RLE). A prosthetist or technician can use the existing skills and lab to create liners.

Development of Natural Bioactive Alkaloids: Anticancer perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Patel ◽  
Ravi Vanecha ◽  
Jay Patel ◽  
Divy Patel ◽  
Umang Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Antimetastatic Activity ◽  
New Chemical Entities

: Cancer is a frightful disease that still poses a 'nightmare' worldwide, causing millions of casualties annually due to one of the human race's most significant healthcare challenges that requires a pragmatic treatment strategy. However, plants and plant-derived products revolutionize the field as they are quick, cleaner, eco-friendly, low-cost, effective, and less toxic than conventional treatment methods. Plants are repositories for new chemical entities and have a promising cancer research path, supplying 60% of the anticancer agents currently used. Alkaloids are important chemical compounds that serve as a rich reservoir for drug discovery and development. However, some alkaloids derived from natural herbs display anti-proliferation and antimetastatic activity on different forms of cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Alkaloids have also been widely formulated as anticancer medications, such as camptothecin and vinblastine. Still, more research and clinical trials are required before final recommendations can be made on specific alkaloids. This review focuses on the naturally-derived bioactive alkaloids with prospective anticancer properties based on the information in the literature.

Building back smarter—part three: placing modular facilities in a resource-limited healthcare system

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Isobel Clough
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Current State ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Physical Spaces

Land should be one of the greatest assets of the UK healthcare system, as a result of its large estates portfolio. Howere, the current state of many of the NHS's buildings means that physical spaces are often more of a burden, with maintenance backlogs costing billions. However, as a resource-limited public institution, it is crucial that all investments into NHS infrastructure are as effective and future-proof as possible. The previous two articles in this series have focused on the potential benefits of modular facilities to healthcare staff, services and patients, drawing on case studies of NHS trusts that have implemented modular facilities on their sites. This article, the third and final instalment of this series, discusses the health economic impact of current NHS infrastructure, and explores the ways in which modular facilities could provide a flexible and cost-effective means of expanding capacity and improving services in a resource-limited environment.

scholarly journals Global & Community Health: Acute ischemic stroke in Toronto and Manila

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. 604-606
Author(s):  
Sanskriti Sasikumar ◽  
Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Based Medicine

The educational experience of a neurology trainee can have profound regional variations. We recount the management of a stroke code in Toronto, Canada, and Manila, Philippines, as a means to highlight the need for collaborative learning, both in terms of practicing evidence-based medicine and managing neurologic conditions in resource-limited settings. Concerted peer-led initiatives such as videoconference rounds are an easy and cost-effective means of unifying this experience.

One-post patterning of multiple protein gradients using a low-cost flash foam stamp

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (99) ◽  
pp. 17588-17591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yu ◽  
Qiong Chen ◽  
Yun Li Tian ◽  
An Xiu Gao ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Molecular Patterning ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Multiple Protein ◽  
Protein Gradients

Versatile chemical and biological inks were printed using a cost-effective flash foam stamp (FFS) for one-post patterning of multiple protein gradients, demonstrating an accessible solution for resource-limited laboratories conducting molecular patterning experiments.

Plastic Soda Bottles: A Reusable Material for Making Transradial Sockets

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeongchi Wu ◽  
Hector R. Casanova ◽  
Andrea J. Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Hand Prosthesis ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Resource Limited

This paper describes a new fabrication process for making low-cost transradial sockets using recyclable plastic soda bottles. Easy, fast, and inexpensive to fabricate, the resulting socket can be used as a temporary device for stump care. Multiple sockets can be made and individually incorporated with various terminal devices for light-duty self-care or functional activities, such as feeding, showering, typing, swimming, or gardening. The formed socket is lightweight and also suitable for use with a cosmetic passive hand prosthesis. This process has been developed as a potential cost-effective assistive technology appropriate for individuals with transradial amputation in resource-limited countries.

scholarly journals Neonatal innovations in resource-limited settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Neha Agarwal ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Girish Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Care Technology ◽  
Year 2000

In the year 2000, Millennium Declaration was signed by the world leaders to reduce the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds from the baseline figure in 1990. Millennium Development Goal 4 was replaced by the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) in 2015. Reduction in the neonatal mortality, which accounts for majority of the deaths in children under the age of 5 years, was an imminent goal of SDG. Despite these initiatives, the current trends in neonatal mortality are far away from the expected targets. To curb the rate of neonatal mortality, the neonatal services are expanding in India at a rapid pace. To bridge the gap between the availability and accessibility to the health care technology between the developed and developing countries, the current focus is toward the development of low-cost and effective technological innovations in neonatal care and ensuring their patenting and effective publicity. This should facilitate the translation of innovations into mass production and availability for practice with significant effect in low- and middle-income countries. Generation of evidence will increase the acceptability of these innovations by demonstrating their benefit over the currently available technologies. Fortuitously, India has developed many innovations in the neonatal health care. However, majority of the neonatologists are still unaware of the existing technological solutions, and the ways to optimally utilize them. This review is, therefore, an attempt to recognize such low-cost, effective, and sustainable innovations done in the field of neonatology, over the past few decades.

Light Rail Lite or Cost-Effective Improvements to Bus Service?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Hess ◽  
Brian D. Taylor ◽  
Allison C. Yoh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
The Cost

Bus rapid transit (BRT) is growing rapidly in popularity because it is viewed widely as an efficient and effective means to improve both transit service and patronage. This paper argues that two distinct views of BRT are emerging: ( a) BRT as a new form of high-speed, rubber-tired, rail-like rapid transit and ( b) BRT as a cost-effective way to upgrade both the quality and image of traditional fixed-route bus service. These two views carry different price tags because the cost of planning, constructing, and operating BRT depends on the complexity of new service features and on rises for BRT that offer service characteristics approaching those of light rail. This study fills a gap in the literature on the costs of BRT by examining in detail component costs–-actual costs for recently implemented services and projected costs for planned new services–-for a sample of BRT systems in North American cities. The study examined BRT costs of 14 planned and recently opened BRT systems to determine how the wide range of BRT service and technology configurations affect costs. The study found that although some of the most successful and popular new BRT systems are high-quality services operating in mixed traffic and implemented at relatively low cost, most BRT projects on the drawing boards are more elaborate, more expensive systems than many currently in service. Most new BRT projects emphasize elaborate LRT-type improvements to lines and stations in one or a few corridors rather than less splashy improvements (such as next-bus monitors, signal preemption, queue-jump lanes, and so forth) affecting more lines and modes in local transit networks. Among the 14 systems examined here, most could be characterized as light rail lite.

Symposium on an Objective-Based Resource Retrieval System

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Robert S. Garmise ◽  
John R. Powers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Present System ◽  
Cost Planning ◽  
Title Iii ◽  
On Line

The primary objective of any objective-based resource retrieval system is to provide users with a rapid, cost/effective means of retrieving resources suited to the needs of the learners. This is accomplished by Battelle's BETSY system through the use of a computerized retrieval system designed specifically for educators to facilitate learning. BETSY began as an idea during the summer of 1973. Its roots can be vaguely traced to the Computer Based Resource Units (CBRU) of Buffalo, New York. The original premise was to make CBRU available on-line to educators. Through an ESEA Title III grant to the Mentor, Ohio Board of Education, this original concept was stretched and expanded to the present system that not only provides on-line access to over 15,000,000 characters of data, but also provides a very low cost planning instrument. What was originally student oriented is now learner oriented. That learner can still be a student, but he can also be a teacher or curriculum designer.

scholarly journals Comparison of four low-cost carbapenemase detection tests and a proposal of an algorithm for early detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in resource-limited settings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245290
Author(s):  
Wirittamulla Gamage Maheshika Kumudunie ◽  
Lakmini Inoka Wijesooriya ◽  
Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Better Than

Rapidly progressing antibiotic resistance is a great challenge in therapy. In particular, the infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are exceedingly difficult to treat. Carbapenemase production is the predominant mechanism of resistance in CRE. Early and accurate identification of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CP-CRE) is extremely important for the treatment and prevention of such infections. In the present study, four phenotypic carbapenemase detection tests were compared and an algorithm was developed for rapid and cost-effective identification of CP-CRE. A total of 117 Enterobacteriaceae (54 CP-CRE, 3 non-CP-CRE, and 60 non-CRE) isolates were tested for carbapenemase production using modified Hodge test (MHT), modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), Carba NP test (CNPt), and CNPt-direct test. The overall sensitivity/specificity values were 90.7%/92.1% for MHT, 100%/100% for mCIM, 75.9%/100% for CNPt, and 83.3%/100% for CNPt-direct. OXA-48-like enzymes were detected with 93.2% sensitivity by MHT and >77.3% sensitivity by two Carba NP tests. MHT could only detect half of the NDM carbapenemase producers. CNPt-direct exhibited enhanced sensitivity compared to CNPt (100% vs 25%) for detection of NDM producers. Considering these findings we propose CNPt-direct as the first test followed by mCIM for rapid detection of CP-CRE. With this algorithm >80% of the CP-CRE could be detected within 24 hours from the time the sample is received and 100% CP-CRE could be detected in day two. In conclusion, mCIM was the most sensitive assay for the identification of CP-CRE. CNPt-direct performed better than CNPt. An algorithm consisting CNPt-direct and mCIM allows rapid and reliable detection of carbapenemase production in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Requirements of a network telescope

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 541-544
Author(s):  
Ian Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Dome A ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Reasonable Cost

General purpose telescopes fail to provide a cost-effective means of obtaining photometric data for asteroseismology. A continuous observing run on a particular star is best suited to automatic operation with a dedicated photoelectric telescope. As optical requirements for on-axis photometry are less severe than those for imaging, low-cost light-weight mirrors permit a saving in the size and cost of mount and dome. A stiff mounting with a low moment of inertia permits rapid movement under computer control. Adoption of a permanently mounted photometer and the elimination of manual controls also leads to design and operating economies. Maintenance can be shared with other instruments and travel and subsistence requirements are minimised. Therefore remote operation of a network of automatic telescopes at good sites could provide high quality data at reasonable cost.

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