Engineer Energy Dissipation in 3D Graphene Nanolattice Via Reversible Snap-Through Instability

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ni ◽  
Huajian Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Stable States ◽  
3D Graphene ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Topological Design ◽  
Element Chain ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Multiple Stable States

Abstract Carbon micro/nanolattice materials, defined as three-dimensional (3D) architected metamaterials made of micro/nanoscale carbon constituents, have demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties, including ultrahigh specific strength, stiffness, and extensive deformability through experiments and simulations. The ductility of these carbon micro/nanolattices is also important for robust performance. In this work, we present a novel design of using reversible snap-through instability to engineer energy dissipation in 3D graphene nanolattices. Inspired by the shell structure of flexible straws, we construct a type of graphene counterpart via topological design and demonstrate its associated snap-through instability through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. One-dimensional (1D) straw-like carbon nanotube (SCNT) and 3D graphene nanolattices are constructed from a unit cell. These graphene nanolattices possess multiple stable states and are elastically reconfigurable. A theoretical model of the 1D bi-stable element chain is adopted to understand the collective deformation behavior of the nanolattice. Reversible pseudoplastic behavior with a finite hysteresis loop is predicted and further validated via MD. Enhanced by these novel energy dissipation mechanisms, the 3D graphene nanolattice shows good tolerance of crack-like flaws and is predicted to approach a specific energy dissipation of 233 kJ/kg in a loading cycle with no permanent damage (one order higher than the energy absorbed by carbon steel at failure, 16 kJ/kg). This study provides a novel mechanism for 3D carbon nanolattice to dissipate energy with no accumulative damage and improve resistance to fracture, broadening the promising application of 3D carbon in energy absorption and programmable materials.

Anisotropic, Adaptive, and Asymmetric Multi-Stability From Origami Folding

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyi Li
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Physical Origin ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Stability Properties ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Multiple Stable States ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape ◽  
Unstable States ◽  
Lower Dimensional

This study investigates the elastic multi-stability properties originated from origami folding. Specifically, it focuses on a space-filling architecture consisting of stacked Miura-ori sheets, which exhibits multiple stable states corresponding to different internal folding configurations. The fundamentally three-dimensional shape transformations from origami folding impart several unique properties that are unachievable from the lower dimensional mechanisms. They are (1) anisotropy-arrangement of the stable and unstable states fundamentally differs along different principle axes; (2) adaptability-stable states can be generated or eliminated via simple pressurization; and (3) asymmetry-the energy barrier of switching from one stable state to another can be significantly higher than the opposite switch, even though the two stable states have the same energy level. These unique stability properties could be harnessed to create a wide variety of adaptive functionalities, such as programmable stiffness, impulsive actuation, and mechanical diode effect. The purpose of this paper is to examine the physical origin of the three stability properties and their correlations to the origami design. Results of this of study can foster the creation of novel multi-functional structures and materials based on origami.

Computer assisted three-dimensional reconstruction of scene in firearm homicide

2021 ◽  
pp. 002581722110183
Author(s):  
MA Kislov ◽  
M Chauhan ◽  
SN Zakharov ◽  
SV Leonov ◽  
YP Shakiryanova
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Promising Application

Worldwide advances in computer techniques are not yet recognised in the practice of forensic medicine. A promising application is their use in making a three-dimensional reconstruction of the crime scene. This study analyses this technique in a homicide by firearm. Queries regarding the direction and number of shots, position of the victim inside the car when shot at and presence of the accused at the crime scene were answered by a scientific model. Similar reconstruction of the scene, nailing the accused in a heinous crime, has not previously been reported as a study or a case. The paper anticipates impetus to the growth of literature in criminology and forensic sciences. It will also expedite the delivery of justice based on scientific evidence in controversial causes of death.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Role of Residues Involved in Disorder-To-Order Transition Regions in Archaeal tRNA Methyltransferase 5

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Ambuj Srivastava ◽  
Dhanusha Yesudhas ◽  
Shandar Ahmad ◽  
M. Michael Gromiha
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Regions ◽  
Type Complex ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Trna Methyltransferase

tRNA methyltransferase 5 (Trm5) enzyme is an S-adenosyl methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferase which methylates the G37 nucleotide at the N1 atom of the tRNA. The free form of Trm5 enzyme has three intrinsically disordered regions, which are highly flexible and lack stable three-dimensional structures. These regions gain ordered structures upon the complex formation with tRNA, also called disorder-to-order transition (DOT) regions. In this study, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of archaeal Trm5 in free and complex forms and observed that the DOT residues are highly flexible in free proteins and become stable in complex structures. The energetic contributions show that DOT residues are important for stabilising the complex. The DOT1 and DOT2 are mainly observed to be important for stabilising the complex, while DOT3 is present near the active site to coordinate the interactions between methyl-donating ligands and G37 nucleotides. In addition, mutational studies on the Trm5 complex showed that the wild type is more stable than the G37A tRNA mutant complex. The loss of productive interactions upon G37A mutation drives the AdoMet ligand away from the 37th nucleotide, and Arg145 in DOT3 plays a crucial role in stabilising the ligand, as well as the G37 nucleotide, in the wild-type complex. Further, the overall energetic contribution calculated using MMPBSA corroborates that the wild-type complex has a better affinity between Trm5 and tRNA. Overall, our study reveals that targeting DOT regions for binding could improve the inhibition of Trm5.

scholarly journals Porous Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Disordered Graphene Networks

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
YongChao Wang ◽  
YinBo Zhu ◽  
HengAn Wu
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Porous Morphology

The porous characteristics of disordered carbons are critical factors to their performance on hydrogen storage and electrochemical capacitors. Even though the porous information can be estimated indirectly by gas adsorption experiments, it is still hard to directly characterize the porous morphology considering the complex 3D connectivity. To this end, we construct full-atom disordered graphene networks (DGNs) by mimicking the chlorination process of carbide-derived carbons using annealing-MD simulations, which could model the structure of disordered carbons at the atomic scale. The porous characteristics, including pore volume, pore size distribution (PSD), and specific surface area (SSA), were then computed from the coordinates of carbon atoms. From the evolution of structural features, pores grow dramatically during the formation of polyaromatic fragments and sequent disordered framework. Then structure is further graphitized while the PSD shows little change. For the obtained DGNs, the porosity, pore size, and SSA increase with decreasing density. Furthermore, SSA tends to saturate in the low-density range. The DGNs annealed at low temperatures exhibit larger SSA than high-temperature DGNs because of the abundant free edges.

Trapped liquid drop in a microchannel: Multiple stable states

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjia Wang ◽  
Cheng-Chung Chang ◽  
Siang-Jie Hong ◽  
Yu-Jane Sheng ◽  
Heng-Kwong Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Drop ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Multiple Stable States

Three-dimensional graphene/polyimide composite-derived flexible high-performance organic cathode for rechargeable lithium and sodium batteries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2710-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshan Huang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Xing Zhong ◽  
Xiangfeng Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Graphene ◽  
Sodium Batteries ◽  
One Step

A 3D graphene/polyimide composite is fabricated by a one-step solvothermal strategy as a high-performance cathode for both rechargeable lithium and sodium batteries.

Graphene aerogel-supported and graphene quantum dots-modified γ-MnOOH nanotubes as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (49) ◽  
pp. 43116-43126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yisi Liu ◽  
Wenzhang Li ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Haibo Shen ◽  
Yaomin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Graphene Aerogel ◽  
3D Graphene ◽  
Highly Efficient

In this work, we demonstrate a facile strategy to synthesize a novel three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogel-supported and graphene quantum dots-modified γ-MnOOH nanotubes as a highly efficient electrocatalyst.

scholarly journals NEW EVIDENCE OF DISCRETE SCALE INVARIANCE IN THE ENERGY DISSIPATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE: CORRELATION APPROACH AND DIRECT SPECTRAL DETECTION

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEI-XING ZHOU ◽  
DIDIER SORNETTE ◽  
VLADILEN PISARENKO
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Dissipation Rate ◽  
Corrections To Scaling ◽  
Developed Turbulence ◽  
Pairwise Correlations ◽  
Spectral Detection ◽  
Simple Variant ◽  
High Reynolds ◽  
New Evidence

We extend the analysis of Ref. 16 showing statistically significant log-periodic corrections to scaling in the moments of the energy dissipation rate in experiments at high Reynolds number (≈ 2500) of three-dimensional fully developed turbulence. First, we develop a simple variant of the canonical averaging method using a rephasing scheme between different samples based on pairwise correlations that confirms Zhou and Sornette's previous results. The second analysis uses a simpler local spectral approach and then performs averages over many local spectra. This yields stronger evidence of the existence of underlying log-periodic undulations, with the detection of more than 20 harmonics of a fundamental logarithmic frequency f = 1.434 ± 0.007 corresponding to the preferred scaling ratio γ = 2.008 ± 0.006.

Three-Dimensional Holey-Graphene Architectures for Highly Sensitive Enzymatic Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7404-7409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihua Jing ◽  
Gaofeng Liang ◽  
Hao Shi ◽  
Yixin Yuan ◽  
Quanxing Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrochemical Determination ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
3D Graphene ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mild Defect

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene with high specific surface area, excellent conductivity and designed porosity is essential for many practical applications. Herein, holey graphene oxide with nano pores was facilely prepared via a convenient mild defect-etching reaction and then fabricated to 3D nanostructures via a reduction method. Based on the 3D architectures, a novel enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor was successfully fabricated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the 3D holey graphene oxide architectures (3DHGO). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to evaluate the electrochemical performance of 3DHGO at glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Excellent electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H2O2 was observed, and a linear range of 5.0×10-8~5.0×10-5 M with a detection limit of 3.8×10-9 M was obtained. These results indicated that 3DHGO have potential as electrochemical biosensors.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Closed-Die Forging Processes: Part 1: Formulation

1989 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Lugora ◽  
A N Bramley
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Metal Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Rate ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Closed Die Forging ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Optimum Velocity ◽  
Forging Load

In this series of papers, a theoretical model based on the upper bound elemental technique is presented for prediction of forging load and metal flow in three-dimensional closed-die forging processes. Three basic elements are introduced in order to partition a forging into simple elementary regions. An optimum velocity distribution within the forging is obtained by minimizing the total rate of energy dissipation using a simplex optimizing procedure. Applications of the proposed model are discussed in Part 2.

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