Experimental Study of Spark Plasma Stretching and Combustion Variations Analysis Using Flame Luminosity Images From an Optically Accessible Internal Combustion Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behdad Afkhami ◽  
Yanyu Wang ◽  
Scott A. Miers ◽  
Jeffrey D. Naber
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Flame Kernel ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Intensity Images ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Abstract Understanding the behavior of spark plasma and flame initiation in internal combustion engines leads to improvement in fuel economy and exhaust emissions. This paper experimentally investigated spark plasma stretching and cycle-to-cycle variations under various engine speed, load, and air–fuel mixtures using natural luminosity images. Natural luminosity images of combustion in an IC engine provide information about the flame speed, rate of energy release, and combustion stability. Binarization of the intensity images has been a desirable method for detecting flame front and studying flame propagation in combustors. However, binarization can cause a loss of information in the images. To study spark plasma stretching, the location of maximum intensity was tracked and compared to the trajectory of the flame centroid in binarized images as a representative for bulk flow motion. Analysis showed comparable trends between the trajectories of the flame centroid and spark stretching. From three air–fuel mixtures, the spark plasma for the lean mixture appeared to be more sensitive to the stretching. In addition, this research investigated combustion variations using two-dimensional (2D) intensity images and compared the results to coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) computed from in-cylinder pressure data. The results revealed a good correlation between the variations of the luminosity field during the main phase of combustion and the COV of IMEP. However, during the ignition and very early flame kernel formation, utilizing the luminosity field was more powerful than in-cylinder pressure-related parameters to capture combustion variations.

Effect of IC Engine Operating Conditions on Combustion and Emission Characteristics

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Good Agreement

Numerical simulation of flow, combustion, heat release rate, and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained using a single cylinder internal combustion engine operating with propane as the fuel. The data show that for good agreement with experimental results on the peak pressure and the rate of pressure rise as a function of crank angle, spark ignition energy and local cylinder pressure must be properly modeled. The results obtained for NO and CO showed features which are qualitatively in good agreement and are similar to those reported in the literature for the chosen combustion chamber geometry. The results have shown that both the combustion chamber geometry and engine operating parameters affects the flame growth within the combustion chamber which subsequently affects the pollutants emission levels. The code employed the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multicomponent chemically reacting fluid flow by finite difference method. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution levels. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

Optimize Vane Length to Improve In-Cylinder Air Characteristic of CI Engine Using Higher Viscous Fuel

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Saad ◽  
Saiful Bari
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines ◽  
Vane Angle

Environmental issues and the depletion of worldwide crude oil sources have developed the requirement for an alternative fuel to power internal combustion engines. Vegetable oil, waste cooking oil and biodiesel are all renewable, environmentally sustainable and compatible with current Compression Ignition (CI) engines with little to no engine modification necessary. These fuels however have a higher viscosity than conventional petro-diesel and may be referred to as Higher Viscous Fuels (HVF). HVF have reduced in-cylinder combustion efficiency when compared with petro-diesel which reduces the engine performance in terms of output power, torque and fuel efficiency. A possible solution to the reduced efficiency is through the use of a Guide Vane Swirl and Tumble Device (GVSTD). This device when installed in front of the air intake manifold may produce improved air flow characteristics. This improves the efficiency of the evaporation processes and air-fuel mixing and therefore improves overall combustion efficiency. The effect of GVSTDs on in-cylinder air flow was studied using 3D Internal Combustion (IC) engine simulation under motored engine conditions. This was done using ANSYS-CFX. The base model engine was adapted from the Hino W04D model CI engine. The model throughout all simulations was run at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. There are four parameters to consider for GVSTD models; vane length, vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes. For the purpose of this study, the vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes were maintained as constants leaving the vane length as the variable parameter. 11 GVSTD models were simulated each varying from 1.5 to 4.5 times the radius of the intake runner (R) in 0.3R increments. To analyze the air-flow characteristics, the maximum in-cylinder pressure, Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE) and velocity were measured. It was found that for the constant values for vane height, vane angle and the number of vanes of 0.2R, 35° twist angle and 4 perpendicularly-arranged respectively, the in-cylinder pressure, TKE and velocity were optimum for the vane lengths of 3.6 to 3.9 times R.

scholarly journals Method for Determining Volumetric Efficiency and Its Experimental Validation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ambrozik ◽  
Dariusz Kurczyński ◽  
Piotr Łagowski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Thermodynamic System ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Amount Of Substance

Abstract Modern means of transport are basically powered by piston internal combustion engines. Increasingly rigorous demands are placed on IC engines in order to minimise the detrimental impact they have on the natural environment. That stimulates the development of research on piston internal combustion engines. The research involves experimental and theoretical investigations carried out using computer technologies. While being filled, the cylinder is considered to be an open thermodynamic system, in which non-stationary processes occur. To make calculations of thermodynamic parameters of the engine operating cycle, based on the comparison of cycles, it is necessary to know the mean constant value of cylinder pressure throughout this process. Because of the character of in-cylinder pressure pattern and difficulties in pressure experimental determination, in the present paper, a novel method for the determination of this quantity was presented. In the new approach, the iteration method was used. In the method developed for determining the volumetric efficiency, the following equations were employed: the law of conservation of the amount of substance, the first law of thermodynamics for open system, dependences for changes in the cylinder volume vs. the crankshaft rotation angle, and the state equation. The results of calculations performed with this method were validated by means of experimental investigations carried out for a selected engine at the engine test bench. A satisfactory congruence of computational and experimental results as regards determining the volumetric efficiency was obtained. The method for determining the volumetric efficiency presented in the paper can be used to investigate the processes taking place in the cylinder of an IC engine.

scholarly journals Reducing NOx emissions by adding hydrogen-rich synthesis gas generated by a plasma-assisted fuel reformer using Saudi Arabian market gasoline and ethanol for different air/fuel mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ahmed Awadh Alharbi ◽  
Dr. Feraih Sh. Aenazey ◽  
Dr. Saud A. Binjuwair ◽  
Dr. Ibrahim A. Alshunaifi ◽  
Dr. Abdullah M. Alkhedair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Environmental contamination poses a real threat to the environment and all organisms. Air pollution has increased markedly due to an increase in human activities and petroleum use for electricity generation, transportation, and industrial applications. Internal combustion engines play a significant role in society’s health and power requirements. However, automobiles are the main source of pollution and NOX emissions. This work presents a study of the performance and exhaust emissions of an internal combustion engine fuelled by gasoline available in the Saudi Arabian market, RON91/RON95, with an admixture of syngas and 5% by volume pure ethanol (E5) in the presence of different ultra-lean mixture regimes, including λ=1 for a stoichiometric mixture. The studied ranges were λ=1.13, λ=1.26, λ=1.43, and λ=1.67. An entirely automated engine and plasma converter system was developed for feeding the same type of fuel. The engine was modified for a more efficient operation by introducing a plasma-based fuel reformer. Syngas was produced through the partial oxidation of gasoline with air in a plasma-assisted fuel reformer in the presence of steam to reduce the amount of soot formed in the plasma reactor. The fuel consumption and related emissions were measured. The experimental results demonstrated a significant total reduction of NOx emissions compared with those from the original engine. The most obvious reduction (approximately 50%) of harmful pollution was observed under lean conditions, and the total gasoline consumption (including the gasoline required for the plasma-assisted converter) slightly increased. The results also showed that the NOx content for these new blends was lower using E5-gasoline 91 than that using E5-gasoline 95 and was generally lower using E5-gasoline 91 and syngas than that using E5-gasoline 95 and syngas.

scholarly journals Vibration Analysis of the Engine Using Biofuel Blends: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 01010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdiwansyah ◽  
M.SM. Sani ◽  
Rizalman. Mamat ◽  
Fitri Khoerunnisa ◽  
AR Rajkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Analysis ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Crank Mechanism

The vibrations and noise of the internal combustion engine may be affected by several factors such as combustion pressure, movement of the piston-crank mechanism, coolant factor flow, engine body, and fuel inlet of the injector. Various ways have been done to reduce vibration and noise in the engine, including fuel. Alternative biofuels can be used in internal combustion engines without having to modify and change parameters on the machine. Several researchers have studied the effects of vibration and noise in the engine using various fuel mixtures. The results from some literature reported that biodiesel blend fuels proved to reduce vibration and noise in engines as compared to pure diesel. Meanwhile, ethanol fuel mixed with gasoline shows significant vibration changes at engine speeds of 1,500 and 2,500 rpm. The review aims to analyse the effects of vibration and noise on engines fueled by fuel mixtures, as well as fuel properties used as a move for future research. Based on the analysis from several kinds of literature, it shows that the use of biodiesel fuel and ethanol-gasoline can reduce vibration and noise.

Nucleate Boiling Identification and Utilization for Improved Internal Combustion Engine Efficiency

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Ajotikar ◽  
Brian J. Eggart ◽  
Scott A. Miers
Keyword(s):  
Forced Convection ◽  
Cylinder Head ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Cooling Passage

Internal combustion engines continue to become more compact and require greater heat rejection capacity. This demands research in cooling technologies and investigation into the limitations of current forced convection based cooling methods. A promising solution is the cooling strategy optimized with nucleate boiling to help meet these efficiency and emission requirements. Nucleate boiling results in an increased heat transfer coefficient, potentially an order of magnitude greater than forced convection, thereby providing improved cooling of an engine. This allows reduced coolant flow rates, increased efficiency, and reduced engine warm-up time. A study was conducted to characterize nucleate boiling occurring in the cooling passages of an IC engine cylinder head in a computational as well as experimental domain. The simulation was conducted to understand the physics of boiling occurring in an engine cooling passage and provide support for a potential boiling detection method. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed for a simplified, two dimensional domain that resembled an engine cooling passage. The simulation results were followed by investigations of a pressure-based detection technique which was proven to be an effective method to detect boiling. An experimental test rig was used which consisted of a single combustion chamber section from a 5.4L V8 cylinder head. Water was used as the coolant. Results demonstrate the phase change physics involved in the boiling in an engine cooling passage, pressure variations in the coolant, heat flux data associated with the onset of nucleate boiling, and a comparison with existing boiling curves for water. Results of the simulation and experimental setup indicated that the change in energy and accompanying increase in pressure values can be related to bubble dynamics and thus provides a potential method to accurately detect nucleate boiling occurrence in an engine cooling system.

scholarly journals A Modified Cylinder Block – Ic Engine Experimentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Mohd Abdul Samad ◽  
Syed Nawazish Mehdi ◽  
Syed Khader Basha
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cylinder Block ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Triangular Profile

In Internal combustion Engines, the adequate cooling plays vital role for proper functioning and enhanced efficiencies. In the present scenario, the demand for Air cooled Engines with higher powers is increasing and hence necessity for Augmented heat transfer through fins. The present work confined to fins mounted on the cylinder block.In the present work, Internal Combustion Engine test rig is used, which consist of 4S, single cylinder, vertical, air cooled, SI Engine with Instrumentation panel, Throttle control mechanism and Electrical Loading system.The performance test on IC engine is carried out for three various configurations of cylinder blocks i.e., 1. Actual cylinder block 2.Cylinder block with triangular profile fins 3. Cylinder block with perforated triangular profile fins. Performance parameters are evaluated, plotted and compared & eventually conclusions are made.

scholarly journals Cylinder Pressure Prediction of An HCCI Engine Using Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Yaşar ◽  
Gültekin Çağıl ◽  
Orhan Torkul ◽  
Merve Şişci
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Hcci Engine

AbstractEngine tests are both costly and time consuming in developing a new internal combustion engine. Therefore, it is of great importance to predict engine characteristics with high accuracy using artificial intelligence. Thus, it is possible to reduce engine testing costs and speed up the engine development process. Deep Learning is an effective artificial intelligence method that shows high performance in many research areas through its ability to learn high-level hidden features in data samples. The present paper describes a method to predict the cylinder pressure of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine for various excess air coefficients by using Deep Neural Network, which is one of the Deep Learning methods and is based on the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The Deep Learning results were compared with the ANN and experimental results. The results show that the difference between experimental and the Deep Neural Network (DNN) results were less than 1%. The best results were obtained by Deep Learning method. The cylinder pressure was predicted with a maximum accuracy of 97.83% of the experimental value by using ANN. On the other hand, the accuracy value was increased up to 99.84% using DNN. These results show that the DNN method can be used effectively to predict cylinder pressures of internal combustion engines.

scholarly journals Laminar Burning Velocity of Biogas-Containing Mixtures. A Literature Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Venera Giurcan ◽  
Codina Movileanu ◽  
Adina Magdalena Musuc ◽  
Maria Mitu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Burning Velocity ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Laminar Burning Velocity ◽  
Waste Products

Currently, the use of fossil fuels is very high and existing nature reserves are rapidly depleted. Therefore, researchers are turning their attention to find renewable fuels that have a low impact on the environment, to replace these fossil fuels. Biogas is a low-cost alternative, sustainable, renewable fuel existing worldwide. It can be produced by decomposition of vegetation or waste products of human and animal biological activity. This process is performed by microorganisms (such as methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria) by anaerobic digestion. Biogas can serve as a basis for heat and electricity production used for domestic heating and cooking. It can be also used to feed internal combustion engines, gas turbines, fuel cells, or cogeneration systems. In this paper, a comprehensive literature study regarding the laminar burning velocity of biogas-containing mixtures is presented. This study aims to characterize the use of biogas as IC (internal combustion) engine fuel, and to develop efficient safety recommendations and to predict and reduce the risk of fires and accidental explosions caused by biogas.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF A HOLISTIC APPROACH OF HYDROGEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE (HICE) BUSSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Vahid Douzloo Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Driving Mode ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Fuel Cell Technology ◽  
Hydrogen Supply

AbstractHydrogen is a promising fuel to fulfil climate goals and future legislation requirements due to its carbon-free property. Especially hydrogen fueled buses and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) strongly move into the foreground. In contrast to the hydrogen-based fuel cell technology, which is already in commercial use, vehicles with hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICE) are also a currently pursued field of research, representing a potentially holistic carbon-free drive train. Real applications of H2-ICE vehicles are currently not known but can be expected, since their suitability is put to test in a few insolated projects at this time. This paper provides a literature survey to reflect the current state of H2-ICEs focused on city buses. An extended view to HDVs and fuel cell technology allows to recognize trends in hydrogen transport sector, to identify further research potential and to derive useful conclusion. In addition, within this paper we apply green MAGIC as a holistic approach and discuss Well-to-Tank green hydrogen supply in relation to a H2-ICE city bus. Building on that, we introduce the upcoming Hydrogen-bus project, where tests of H2-ICE buses in real driving mode are foreseen to investigate Tank-to-Wheel.

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