Studies on Combustion Characteristics of Density by Density Analyzed Coal

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyajyoti Behera ◽  
Barun Kumar Nandi ◽  
Sumantra Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Density Separation ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Differential Thermogravimetry

Abstract This work presents the effect of specific gravity of coal on its combustion characteristics. Coals with different specific gravity fractions represented by the arithmetic mean specific gravity (MSG) in the range of 1.35 to 2.0 were prepared by sink–float based density separation from run-of-mine (ROM) coal. The characterization of coal with different MSG was done using proximate, ultimate, and gross calorific value (GCV) analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG) studies of coals with different MSG were carried out in oxygen atmosphere to analyze their combustion characteristics. Various burning profile parameters (Ti, Tp, Tf, DTGmax) were assessed to identify the impacts of MSG of coals on their combustion characteristics. Further, different combustion indices (Di, Df, S, Hf) were evaluated to get the insights of combustion. Based on the experimental results, it was observed that, with an increase in coal MSG from 1.35 to 2.0, GCV decreased from 7426 to 3625 kcal/kg, Ti varied from 355 to 412 °C, Tp varied between 466 and 487 °C, and DTGmax decreased from 6.73 to 4.83 wt%/min. The result signifies that with an increase in MSG of coal, its combustion properties weaken. The activation energy for combustion varied between 93 and 119 kJ/mol. Based on the present analysis, it may be observed that lower MSG coals have enhanced combustion characteristics than higher MSG coals.

DEVELOPMENT OF PALM BIOMASS BRIQUETTES WITH POLYETHYLENE PLASTIC WASTE ADDITION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Mohd Faizal ◽  
M. Shafiq M. Nazri ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
Z. A. Latiff
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Plastics Waste

High global energy demand scenario has driven towards transformation from sole dependence on fossil fuels to utilization of inexhaustible renewable energy sources such as hydro, biomass, solar and wind. Renewable energy sources are abundant in Malaysia, especially palm biomass residues that are produced during the oil extraction process of fresh fruit bunch. Therefore, it is inevitable to harness these bioenergy sources, in order to prevent waste accumulation at adjacent to palm mills. Briquetting of palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch (EFB) with polyethylene (PE) plastics waste addition is expected not only could maximize the utilization of energy resources, but also could become as a potential solution for residue and municipal plastics waste disposal. In the present study, the physical and combustion properties of palm biomass briquettes that contain novel mixture of pulverized EFB and PE plastics waste were investigated experimentally. The briquettes were produced with different mixing ratio of EFB and PE plastics (weight ratios of 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15), under various heating temperatures (130-190 ) and at constant compaction pressure of 7 MPa. Based on the results, it can be said that heating temperature plays a significant role in affecting physical properties such as relaxed density and compressive strength. The values of relaxed density and compressive strength are within the range of 1100 to 1300 kg/m3 and 0.8 to 1.2 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, mixing ratio does affect relaxed density and gross calorific value. All values of gross calorific (17900 to 21000 kJ/kg) and moisture content (7% to 9%) are found to fulfill the requirement for commercialization as stated by DIN51731 (gross calorific value>17500 kJ/kg and moisture content<10%). Even though the values of ash content (3% to 4%) exceed the limitation as stated by the standard (<0.7%), it is still considered very competitive if compared to the commonly used local briquette that contains mesocarp fibre and shell (5.8%). Finally, it can be concluded that the best quality of briquette can be achieved when highest composition of PE plastics (weight percentage of 15%) is used and the briquetting process is performed at the highest temperature (190 ).  

scholarly journals Characterization of Pinus spp needles and evaluation of their potential use for energy

CERNE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz ◽  
Elaine Cristina Lengowski ◽  
Silvana Nisgoski ◽  
Washington Luis Esteves de Magalhães ◽  
Valcineide Tanobe de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Potential Use

The demand for new energy sources is growing and awakening interest in the use of forest residues. Charcoal was prepared at carbonization temperatures of 500 ºC, 600 °C and 700 °C in order to evaluate the potential use of Pinus sp needles for energy. The anatomical and chemical characteristics of the needles and the charcoal produced were also evaluated. The needles were found to have ash content of 2.32% and gross calorific value of 20.30 MJ/kg. The calorific value increased by 45%, reaching 29.64 MJ/kg, after carbonization carried out at 600 ºC. This value is higher than that for charcoal made from eucalyptus (19.25 MJ/kg) and even coconut husks (23.55 MJ/kg), showing the high energy potential of these needles.

Thermogravimetric Study of Refuse Derived Fuel Produced from Municipal Solid Waste of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1219
Author(s):  
Botagoz Kuspangaliyeva ◽  
Botakoz Suleimenova ◽  
Dhawal Shah ◽  
Yerbol Sarbassov
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Combustion Kinetics ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Differential Thermogravimetry

Efficient waste management, including proper utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW), is imperative for a sustainable future. Among several management options, pyrolysis and combustion of MSW has regained interest because of improved combustion techniques. This work aims to investigate the thermal conversion and combustion characteristics of refuse derived solid fuel (RDF) samples and its individual compounds collected from Nur-Sultan’s MSW landfills. The waste-derived solid RDF samples originally consist of textile, mixed paper, and mixed plastic. In particular, the samples, including RDF and its three constituent components, were analyzed in the temperature range of 25 to 900 °C, at three different heating rates, by thermogravimetric method. The gross calorific value for RDF derived from Nur-Sultan’s MSW was determined to be 23.4 MJ/kg. The weight loss rates of the samples, differential thermogravimetry (DTG), and kinetic analysis were compared between individual RDF components and for the mixed RDF. Combustion kinetics models were calculated using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Friedman methods. The results revealed that first decomposition of RDF samples was observed at the range of 180–370 °C. Moreover, the activation energy for conversion of RDF was observed to be the highest among the constituent components and gradually decreased from 370 to 140 kJ/kmol.

TORREFACTION OF PALM BIOMASS BRIQUETTES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Mohd Faizal ◽  
M. Amin M. Jusoh ◽  
Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
Z. A. Latiff
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Fixed Carbon Content

The climate change has driven towards transformation from the high energy dependence on fossil fuel to inexhaustible renewable energy such as solar, wind, mini hydro and biomass. In Malaysia, abundant of palm biomass residues are produced during the processing of fresh fruit bunch. Therefore it is inevitable to harness these bioenergy sources in order to prevent waste accumulation at adjacent to palm mills. In order to utilize such bioenergy sources and to cope with the fast growing demand of energy, combination technique of densification and torrefaction is one of the potential ways to be practised. In the present study, the physical and combustion properties of torrefied empty  fruit bunch (EFB) briquettes were investigated experimentally with constant nitrogen flow rate of 1 l/min , for various torrefaction temperatures (225-300). Before torrefaction process, EFB briquettes were initially produced under controlled condition with compaction pressure of 7 MPa and briquetting temperature of 150. In general, the torrefied EFB briquettes were successfully produced in the present study. The results show that an increase in torrefaction temperature from 225  to 300  causes a significant increase in gross calorific value (from around 17400 kJ/kg to 25000 kJ/kg), fixed carbon content (from 16.2% to 46.2%) and ash content (from 2.4% to 17.2%). On the other hand, relaxed density and volatile matter decrease, from 1017 kg/m3 to 590 kg/m3 and from 73.1% to 29.7%, respectively. As a conclusion, the gross calorific value and fixed carbon content are improved due to torrefaction. In addition, it was found that gross calorific value and moisture content of the torrefied EFB briquettes fulfil the requirement for commercial briquette production as stated by DIN51731 (gross calorific value>17500 kJ/kg and moisture content <10%). 

scholarly journals Effect of Fuel Material Compositions on Combustion Properties of Wood Chips from Smallhold Farm Plots in a Sudano-Sahelian Environment of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
O. A. Sotannde ◽  
A. M. Dadile ◽  
M. Umar ◽  
S. M. Idoghor ◽  
B. D. Zira
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Fuel Material

Aims: The study explored the combustion properties of woods and barks of some selected trees and the mixtures of the two in order to map out how fuel material composition affect the combustion properties of biomass materials. Study Design: The study is a two-factor factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. The main factors are the tree species and fuel material types. Place and Duration of Study: Tree samples used for this study were coppiced stems harvested from smallhold farm plots along the Damaturu - Gujba fuelwood corridors in Yobe State. The analytical study was carried out in Wood and Fibre Science Laboratory of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria between April 2018 and December 2019. Methodology: Ten tree species were used for this study. Each species was replicated 3-times, making a total of 30 stems with their dbh between 10 and 15 cm. A sample billet of 20 cm log was cut from each stem at 10 cm below and above dbh. Each billet was debarked, chipped separately and dried to approximately 12% moisture content. From the chips, 100% wood, 95%W-5%B, 90%W-10%B and 100% bark fuel material samples were created, grinded with mechanical grinder and sieved to approximately 0.4 mm particle size based on ASTM D2013-86. The sieved samples obtained were then analyzed for their percentage moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash and gross calorific values using ASTM standard methods. The data obtained were subjected to Analysis of variance from which % variance component and LSD were computed α = 0.05 and 0.01 level of significance. Results: All the measured parameters varied significantly among the tree species and the compositions of the fuel materials obtained from them. Majority of the variation in the fuelwood properties were attributed to the composition of the fuel materials obtained from the trees rather than the species they were made of. On the average, moisture content of the samples ranged from 27.66 to 40.44%, volatile matter (61.38 to 75.11%), ash (0.52 to 2.42%), fixed carbon (24.19 to 36.20%) and gross calorific value (32.99 to 33.02 MJ.kg-1). The moisture and ash contents of the fuel materials obtained from all the tree species increased with the level of bark inclusion whereas, volatile matter content and gross calorific values decreased significantly with level of bark inclusion (P < 0.05). Also, gross calorific value of the fuel materials correlates positively with volatile matter and fixed carbon contents. But, correlate negatively with moisture and ash contents. Among the studied tree species, chips obtained from A. leiocarpus had the highest energy value, followed by C. arereh and B. aegyptiaca while P. reticulatum, A. sieberiana and C. lamprocarpum had the least energy value in that order. Conclusion: Based on their energy value and ash content, minimizing the bark content in wood chips is important from energy and environment point of view. Therefore, chips with 100% wood and those with 5% bark inclusions are recommended for heat generation.

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