Experimental Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Combustor Optimized For Flexible Operation With Various Gaseous Fuel Compositions

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Bower ◽  
Andreas Schwärzle ◽  
Felix Grimm ◽  
Timo Zornek ◽  
Peter Kutne
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Flexible Operation

Abstract With the push to curb dangerous atmospheric pollutant production, energy generation technologies that reduce green-house gas emissions, while still providing adequate electrical supply, are of high importance. With major energy infrastructure already in place, developing enhanced pollutant-reducing combustor systems for micro gas turbines (MGTs), that can utilize low calorific fuels from renewable resources, is a major goal. The current work focuses on the experimental testing of an optimized two-stage combustor designed to operate with various fuel types, including natural gas and syngas produced via biomass gasification. Atmospheric experimental tests were performed and the results indicate larger flame lift-off heights and slightly higher CO gas emissions levels, while displaying lower NOx gas emissions levels for all thermal loads and air-to-fuel equivalence ratios tested, compared to that of the previous combustor designs. Additionally, steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted and the results are in general good agreement with the experimental data. Overall, the results indicate high fuel flexibility of the combustor, as well as the ability to comply with the NOx emissions limits for a larger range of operating points, compared to that of the previously tested combustors.

Experimental Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Combustor Optimized for Flexible Operation With Various Gaseous Fuel Compositions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Bower ◽  
Andreas Schwärzle ◽  
Felix Grimm ◽  
Timo Zornek ◽  
Peter Kutne
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Flexible Operation ◽  
Operating Points

Abstract With the push to curb dangerous atmospheric pollutant production, energy generation technologies that reduce green-house gas emissions, while still providing adequate electrical supply are of high importance. With major energy infrastructure already in place, developing enhanced pollutant-reducing combustor systems for micro gas turbines (MGTs), that can utilize low calorific fuels from renewable resources, is a major goal. The current work focuses on the experimental testing of an optimized two-stage combustor designed to operate with various fuel types, including natural gas and syngas produced via biomass gasification. Atmospheric experimental tests were performed and the results indicate larger flame lift-off heights and slightly higher CO gas emissions levels, while displaying lower NOx gas emissions levels for all thermal loads and air-to-fuel equivalence ratios tested, compared to that of the previous combustor designs. Additionally, steady state CFD simulations were conducted and the results are in general good agreement with the experimental data. Overall, the results indicate high fuel flexibility of the combustor, as well as the ability to comply with the NOx emissions limits for a larger range of operating points, compared to that of the previously tested combustors.

Design of a Compact Crossover Diffuser for Micro Gas Turbines Using a Mean-Line Code

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
C.J. Burger ◽  
S.J. van der Spuy ◽  
T.W. von Backström
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Engine Thrust ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The design and validation of a Compact Crossover Diffuser (CCD) to replace the size-limited radial diffuser and axial de-swirl cascade of an existing Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) is discussed. A CCD strives to combine the performance of a channel diffuser with the operating range and efficiency of a vaneless diffuser. The development of a one-dimensional Mean-Line Code (MLC) is presented, which aids the designer in preliminary design and performance evaluation of the CCD. Design graphs indicating the performance effects of changing the primary design variables are developed and shown. The MLC is numerically validated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Good agreement is seen between the MLC and CFD results, predicting the design point PRss(2-4) to within 1.4 %. A CFD optimized CCD was manufactured and tested. Agreement between the CFD and experimental results for PRts(0-4) is within 7.58 % at 106 kRPM. A numerically predicted increase in PRts(0-4) from 3.31, to 3.53, to 3.83 is seen for the vaneless-, MLC optimized-, and CFD optimized-design respectively. An experimental increase of 82.3 % in engine thrust and 80.0 % in total-to-static pressure recovery across the compressor stage was measured when retrofitting the BMT120KS with a new impeller and CCD.

scholarly journals Multi-Tubular Reactor for Hydrogen Production: CFD Thermal Design and Experimental Testing

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Tapia ◽  
Aurelio González-Pardo ◽  
Alfredo Iranzo ◽  
Manuel Romero ◽  
José González-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Thermochemical Cycle ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

This study presents the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) thermal design and experimental tests results for a multi-tubular solar reactor for hydrogen production based on the ferrite thermochemical cycle in a pilot plant in the Plataforma Solar de Almería (PSA). The methodology followed for the solar reactor design is described, as well as the experimental tests carried out during the testing campaign and characterization of the reactor. The CFD model developed for the thermal design of the solar reactor has been validated against the experimental measurements, with a temperature error ranging from 1% to around 10% depending on the location within the reactor. The thermal balance in the reactor (cavity and tubes) has been also solved by the CFD model, showing a 7.9% thermal efficiency of the reactor. CFD results also show the percentage of reacting media inside the tubes which achieve the required temperature for the endothermic reaction process, with 90% of the ferrite pellets inside the tubes above the required temperature of 900 °C. The multi-tubular solar reactor designed with aid of CFD modelling and simulations has been built and operated successfully.

Development of the New Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbine Technology Generation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ruedel ◽  
V. Stefanis ◽  
A. D. Ramaglia ◽  
S. Florjancic
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Fuel Flexibility

This paper provides an overview of the ongoing development activities for the Ansaldo Energia gas turbines AE64.3A, AE94.2, AE94.2K, AE94.3A, GT26 (2006), GT26 (2011), GT36-S6 and GT36-S5. The improvements significantly reduce the energy consumption in gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants and are directed towards improved operational and fuel flexibility, increased GT power output, GT efficiency and improved component lifetime. The collaborative development, validation and application of the constant pressure sequential combustion system (‘CPSC’) for the GT36 engine will be introduced. Based on the well-established sequential burner technology as installed since 1994 on all legacy GT26 gas turbines, the operation turndown, fuel flexibility and the overall system robustness is described. The development and engine validation of the first stage burner for Improved Durability and Turndown as well as the design of a Combustor Sequential Liner within a can combustion system is shown. The reconstruction and analysis of the acoustic transfer matrix of the flame in the sequential burner together with the applied air and fuel management facilitate emission and dynamics control at both, the extremely high and low firing temperature ranges. The axial flow turbine of the GT36 heavy duty gas turbine, which has evolved from the existing and proven GT26 design, consists of an optimized annulus flow path, higher lift airfoil profiles, optimized aerodynamic matching between the turbine stages and a new and improved cooling systems of the turbine vanes and blades. A major design feature of the turbine has been to control and reduce the aerodynamic losses, associated with the airfoil profiles, trailing edges, blade tips, end walls and coolant ejection. The advantages of these design changes to the overall gas turbine efficiency have been verified via extensive experimental testing.

Model Based Diagnostics of AE-T100 Micro Gas Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Mahmood ◽  
Alessio Martini ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Enrico Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Steady State Simulation

The growing environmental impacts and dwindling supply of conventional fuels have led to the development of more efficient and clean energy systems. Micro gas turbines (mGT) have emerged as energy conversion technology, which offer promising features like high fuel flexibility, low emissions level, and efficient cogeneration of heat and power (CHP). Numerical simulation is a vital tool to predict the off-design performance of mGT cycles, and it also helps in cycle optimization. Starting from a model available at Ansaldo Energia, for steady state simulation of mGT T100 cycles based on user requirements, within the cooperation between University of Genova (Unige) and Ansaldo Energia, a new more comprehensive simulation tool has been developed through the incorporation of additional components, features, and involving a more detailed mathematical approach. The most important upgrades involved a number of different air path flows and the power electronics, which takes into account the power consumption from auxiliary components as well as the generator and inverter efficiencies. Once the model has been verified against the existing tools, it was used in real operating conditions at the Ansaldo Energia test rig. The mGT performance has been assessed for different power levels, starting from 100 kW (nominal power) to 60 kW and then back to 100 kW, with 10 kW steps. The two tests at 100 kW operating conditions have been carried out with two different ambient temperatures: 20°C and 25°C, respectively. Data have been acquired under stable operating conditions, considering the recuperator cold outlet temperature as the stability indicator. Finally the new model AE-T100 has been used also for diagnosis of the whole mGT cycle. The model has been successfully applied to a special mGT equipped with an on-purpose damaged recuperator, identifying the causes of performance degradation.

scholarly journals Micro Gas Turbine for Combined Heat and Power in Distributed Generation

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Carnö ◽  
Adrin Cavani ◽  
Leif Liinanki
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Demonstration Plant

Micro gas turbine units are becoming popular for on-site combined heat and power production (CHP). CHP units based on gas turbines have several advantages; low emissions, compactness, low maintenance costs and fuel flexibility. The successful development of a small high-speed turbogenerator gives major opportunities to meet the customers’ demands in a deregulated and competitive market. Vattenfall, together with Volvo Aero Turbines and ABB, has actively participated in development of a future concept of micro gas turbines. The first demonstration plant in Northern Europe for small scale heat and power co-generation, a 40 kWe turbogenerator was installed by Vattenfall at Pappersgruppen in Gothenburg, Sweden. A first evaluation phase of the demonstration plant has been performed. The electricity and heat output showed to be 38 kWe and 70 kW respectively at full load. The net plant efficiency was 28.2% and the overall efficiency was 80%, based on the lower heating value. The emissions from the unit were very low due to low emission combustion chamber. The evaluation period will continue during 97/98. The influence of outdoor temperature, degree of loading, as well as the required maintenance and manned operation will be investigated.

Yaw Galloping of a TLWP Platform Under High Speed Currents by Analytical Methods and its Comparison With Experimental Results

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Lamas ◽  
Miguel A. M. Ramirez ◽  
Antonio Carlos Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Polynomial Curve ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cfd Analyses

Flow Induced Motions are always an important subject during both design and operational phases of an offshore platform life. These motions could significantly affect the performance of the platform, including its mooring and oil production systems. These kind of analyses are performed using basically two different approaches: experimental tests with reduced models and, more recently, with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dynamic analysis. The main objective of this work is to present a new approach, based on an analytical methodology using static CFD analyses to estimate the response on yaw motions of a Tension Leg Wellhead Platform on one of the several types of motions that can be classified as flow-induced motions, known as galloping. The first step is to review the equations that govern the yaw motions of an ocean platform when subjected to currents from different angles of attack. The yaw moment coefficients will be obtained using CFD steady-state analysis, on which the yaw moments will be calculated for several angles of attack, placed around the central angle where the analysis is being carried out. Having the force coefficients plotted against the angle values, we can adjust a polynomial curve around each analysis point in order to evaluate the amplitude of the yaw motion using a limit cycle approach. Other properties of the system which are flow-dependent, such as damping and added mass, will also be estimated using CFD. The last part of this work consists in comparing the analytical results with experimental results obtained at the LOC/COPPE-UFRJ laboratory facilities.

On-Site Experimental Testing to Study the Vibration of Composite Floors

2014 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Cristian Lucian Ghindea ◽  
Dan Cretu ◽  
Monica Popescu ◽  
Radu Cruciat ◽  
Elena Tulei
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Composite Floors

As a general trend, in order to reduce material consumption or to reduce the mass of the structures, composite floor slabs solutions are used to achieve large spans floor slabs. This solutions led to floors sensitive to vibrations induced generally by human activities. As a verification of the design concepts of the composite floors, usually, it is recommended a further examination of the floor after completion by experimental tests. Although the experimental values of the dynamic response of the floor are uniquely determined, the processing can take two directions of evaluation. The first direction consist in determining the dynamic characteristics of the floor and their comparison with the design values. Another way that can be followed in the processing of the experimental results is to consider the human perception and comfort to the vibration on floors. The paper aims to present a case study on a composite floor, with steel beams and concrete slab, tested on-site. Both aspects of data processing are analyzed, in terms of the structural element, and in terms of the effect on human perception and comfort. Experimentally obtained values for the dynamic characteristics of the floor are compared with numerical values from finite element analysis, while the second type of characteristic values are compared with various human comfort threshold values found in international standards.

Development of the DLE Combustor for L30A Gas Turbine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Sakurazawa ◽  
Takeo Oda ◽  
Satoshi Takami ◽  
Atsushi Okuto ◽  
Yasuhiro Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Main Burner ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Emission Regulation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cfd Analyses

This paper describes the development of the Dry Low Emission (DLE) combustor for L30A gas turbine. Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD (KHI) has been producing relatively small-size gas turbines (25kW to 30MW class). L30A gas turbine, which has a rated output of 30MW, achieved the thermal efficiency of more than 40%. Most continuous operation models use DLE combustion systems to reduce the harmful emissions and to meet the emission regulation or self-imposed restrictions. KHI’s DLE combustors consist of three burners, a diffusion pilot burner, a lean premix main burner, and supplemental burners. KHI’s proven DLE technologies are also adapted to the L30A combustor design. The development of L30 combustor is divided in four main steps. In the first step, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses were carried out to optimize the detail configuration of the combustor. In a second step, an experimental evaluation using single-can-combustor was conducted in-house intermediate-pressure test facility to evaluate the performances such as ignition, emissions, liner wall temperature, exhaust temperature distribution, and satisfactory results were obtained. In the third step, actual pressure and temperature rig tests were carried out at the Institute for Power Plant Technology, Steam and Gas Turbines (IKDG) of Aachen University, achieving NOx emission value of less than 15ppm (O2=15%). Finally, the L30A commercial validation engine was tested in an in-house test facility, NOx emission is achieved less than 15ppm (O2=15%) between 50% and 100% load operation point. L30A field validation engine have been operated from September 2012 at a chemical industries in Japan.

DETERMINATION OF DRAG AND LIFT RELATED COEFFICIENTS OF AN AUV USING COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL FLUID DYNAMICS METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Javanmard ◽  
Sh Mansoorzadeh ◽  
A Pishevar ◽  
J A Mehr
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Hydrodynamic Coefficients ◽  
Experimental Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Drag And Lift ◽  
Control Surfaces ◽  
Experimental Fluid

Determination of hydrodynamic coefficients is a vital part of predicting the dynamic behavior of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). The aim of the present study was to determine the drag and lift related hydrodynamic coefficients of a research AUV, using Computational and Experimental Fluid Dynamics methods. Experimental tests were carried out at AUV speed of 1.5 m s-1 for two general cases: I. AUV without control surfaces (Hull) at various angles of attack in order to calculate Hull related hydrodynamic coefficients and II. AUV with control surfaces at zero angle of attack but in different stern angles to calculate hydrodynamic coefficients related to control surfaces. All the experiments carried out in a towing tank were also simulated by a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The hydrodynamic coefficients obtained from the numerical simulations were in close agreement with those obtained from the experiments.

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