Model Based Diagnostics of AE-T100 Micro Gas Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Mahmood ◽  
Alessio Martini ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Enrico Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Steady State Simulation

The growing environmental impacts and dwindling supply of conventional fuels have led to the development of more efficient and clean energy systems. Micro gas turbines (mGT) have emerged as energy conversion technology, which offer promising features like high fuel flexibility, low emissions level, and efficient cogeneration of heat and power (CHP). Numerical simulation is a vital tool to predict the off-design performance of mGT cycles, and it also helps in cycle optimization. Starting from a model available at Ansaldo Energia, for steady state simulation of mGT T100 cycles based on user requirements, within the cooperation between University of Genova (Unige) and Ansaldo Energia, a new more comprehensive simulation tool has been developed through the incorporation of additional components, features, and involving a more detailed mathematical approach. The most important upgrades involved a number of different air path flows and the power electronics, which takes into account the power consumption from auxiliary components as well as the generator and inverter efficiencies. Once the model has been verified against the existing tools, it was used in real operating conditions at the Ansaldo Energia test rig. The mGT performance has been assessed for different power levels, starting from 100 kW (nominal power) to 60 kW and then back to 100 kW, with 10 kW steps. The two tests at 100 kW operating conditions have been carried out with two different ambient temperatures: 20°C and 25°C, respectively. Data have been acquired under stable operating conditions, considering the recuperator cold outlet temperature as the stability indicator. Finally the new model AE-T100 has been used also for diagnosis of the whole mGT cycle. The model has been successfully applied to a special mGT equipped with an on-purpose damaged recuperator, identifying the causes of performance degradation.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Fault Detection Methods for Gas Turbine Combustion Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Jinfu Liu ◽  
Zhenhua Long ◽  
Mingliang Bai ◽  
Linhai Zhu ◽  
Daren Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion

As one of the core components of gas turbines, the combustion system operates in a high-temperature and high-pressure adverse environment, which makes it extremely prone to faults and catastrophic accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the combustion system to detect in a timely way whether its performance has deteriorated, to improve the safety and economy of gas turbine operation. However, the combustor outlet temperature is so high that conventional sensors cannot work in such a harsh environment for a long time. In practical application, temperature thermocouples distributed at the turbine outlet are used to monitor the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) to indirectly monitor the performance of the combustion system, but, the EGT is not only affected by faults but also influenced by many interference factors, such as ambient conditions, operating conditions, rotation and mixing of uneven hot gas, performance degradation of compressor, etc., which will reduce the sensitivity and reliability of fault detection. For this reason, many scholars have devoted themselves to the research of combustion system fault detection and proposed many excellent methods. However, few studies have compared these methods. This paper will introduce the main methods of combustion system fault detection and select current mainstream methods for analysis. And a circumferential temperature distribution model of gas turbine is established to simulate the EGT profile when a fault is coupled with interference factors, then use the simulation data to compare the detection results of selected methods. Besides, the comparison results are verified by the actual operation data of a gas turbine. Finally, through comparative research and mechanism analysis, the study points out a more suitable method for gas turbine combustion system fault detection and proposes possible development directions.

Experimental and numerical study of flame structure and emissions in a micro gas turbine combustor

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedant Dwivedi ◽  
Srikanth Hari ◽  
S. M. Kumaran ◽  
B. V. S. S. S. Prasad ◽  
Vasudevan Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Abstract Experimental and numerical study of flame and emission characteristics in a tubular micro gas turbine combustor is reported. Micro gas turbines are used for distributed power (DP) generation using alternative fuels in rural areas. The combustion and emission characteristics from the combustor have to be studied for proper design using different fuel types. In this study methane, representing fossil natural gas, and biogas, a renewable fuel that is a mixture of methane and carbon-dioxide, are used. Primary air flow (with swirl component) and secondary aeration have been varied. Experiments have been conducted to measure the exit temperatures. Turbulent reactive flow model is used to simulate the methane and biogas flames. Numerical results are validated against the experimental data. Parametric studies to reveal the effects of primary flow, secondary flow and swirl have been conducted and results are systematically presented. An analysis of nitric-oxides emission for different fuels and operating conditions has been presented subsequently.

A Nitrogen Oxides Emission Prediction Model for Gas Turbines Based on Interpretable Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawen Huang ◽  
Shanhua Tang ◽  
Dengji Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Output Layer

Abstract Gas turbines, an important energy conversion equipment, produce Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions, endangering human health and forming air pollution. With the increasingly stringent NOx emission standards, it is more significant to ascertain NOx emission characteristics to reduce pollutant emissions. Establishing an emission prediction model is an effective way for real-time and accurate monitoring of the NOx discharge amount. Based on the multi-layer perceptron neural networks, an interpretable emission prediction model with a monitorable middle layer is designed to monitor NOx emission by taking the ambient parameters and boundary parameters as the network inputs. The outlet temperature of the compressor is selected as the monitorable measuring parameters of the middle layer. The emission prediction model is trained by historical operation data under different working conditions. According to the errors between the predicted values and measured values of the middle layer and output layer, the weights of the emission prediction model are optimized by the back-propagation algorithm, and the optimal NOx emission prediction model is established for gas turbines under the various working conditions. Furthermore, the mechanism of predicting NOx emission value is explained based on known parameter influence laws between the input layer, middle layer and output layer, which helps to reveal the main measurement parameters affecting NOx emission value, adjust the model parameters and obtain more accurate prediction results. Compared with the traditional emission monitoring methods, the emission prediction model has higher accuracy and faster calculation efficiency and can obtain believable NOx emission prediction results for various operating conditions of gas turbines.

Micro Gas Turbine With Ceramic Nozzle and Rotor

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Matsunuma ◽  
Hiro Yoshida ◽  
Norihiko Iki ◽  
Takumi Ebara ◽  
Satoshi Sodeoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Present System ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
Inconel 713C

A series of operation tests of a ceramic micro gas turbine has been successfully carried out. The baseline machine is a small single-shaft turbojet engine (J-850, Sophia Precision Corp.) with a centrifugal compressor, an annular type combustor, and a radial turbine. As a first step, an Inconel 713C alloy turbine rotor of 55 mm in diameter was replaced with a ceramic rotor (SN-235, Kyocera Corporation). A running test was conducted at rotational speeds of up to 140,000 rpm in atmospheric air. At this rotor speed, the compression pressure ratio and the thrust were 3 and 100 N, respectively. The total energy level (enthalpy and kinetic energy) of the exhaust gas jet was 240 kW. If, for example, it is assumed that 10% of the total power of the exhaust jet gas was converted into electricity, the present system would correspond to a generator with 24 kW output power. The measured turbine outlet temperature was 950°C (1,740°F) and the turbine inlet temperature was estimated to be 1,280°C (2,340°F). Although the ceramic rotor showed no evidence of degradation, the Inconel nozzle immediately in front of the turbine rotor partially melted in this rotor condition. As a second step, the Inconel turbine nozzle and casing were replaced with ceramic parts (SN-01, Ohtsuka Ceramics Inc.). The ceramic nozzle and case were supported by metal parts. Through tests with the ceramic nozzle, it became evident that one of the key technologies for the development of ceramic gas turbines is the design of the interface between the ceramic components and the metallic components, because the difference between the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of the ceramic and metal produces large thermal stress at their interface in the high-temperature condition. A buffer material made of alumina fiber was therefore introduced at the interface between the ceramic and metal.

scholarly journals Variable Geometry Fuel Injector for Low Emissions Gas Turbines

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Smith ◽  
R. Steele ◽  
J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
System Variable ◽  
Lean Premixed Combustion ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
Lean Premixed

To extend the stable operating range of a lean premixed combustion system, variable geometry can be used to adjust the combustor air flow distribution as gas turbine operating conditions vary. This paper describes the design and preliminary testing of a lean premixed fuel injector that provides the variable geometry function. Test results from both rig and engine evaluations using natural gas are presented. The variable geometry injector has proven successful in the short-term testing conducted to date. Longer term field tests are planned to demonstrate durability.

Using Machine Learning to Increase Model Performance for a Gas Turbine System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Hipple ◽  
Zachary T. Reinhart ◽  
Harry Bonilla-Alvarado ◽  
Paolo Pezzini ◽  
Kenneth Mark Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Critical Components

Abstract With increasing regulation and the push for clean energy, the operation of power plants is becoming increasingly complex. This complexity combined with the need to optimize performance at base load and off-design condition means that predicting power plant performance with computational modeling is more important than ever. However, traditional modeling approaches such as physics-based models do not capture the true performance of power plant critical components. The complexity of factors such as coupling, noise, and off-design operating conditions makes the performance prediction of critical components such as turbomachinery difficult to model. In a complex system, such as a gas turbine power plant, this creates significant disparities between models and actual system performance that limits the detection of abnormal operations. This study compares machine learning tools to predict gas turbine performance over traditional physics-based models. A long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a form of a recurrent neural network, was trained using operational datasets from a 100 kW recuperated gas turbine power system designed for hybrid configuration. The LSTM turbine model was trained to predict shaft speed, outlet pressure, and outlet temperature. The performance of both the machine learning model and a physics-based model were compared against experimental data of the gas turbine system. Results show that the machine learning model has significant advantages in prediction accuracy and precision compared to a traditional physics-based model when fed facility data as an input. This advantage of predicting performance by machine learning models can be used to detect abnormal operations.

Development of a Jet-Stabilized Combustion System for the Use of Low-Caloric SOFC Off-Gas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bücheler ◽  
A. Huber ◽  
M. Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Iccd Camera ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Gas Burner

A promising technology solution to meet the demands for highly efficient and clean CHP systems with the highest load and fuel flexibility is the SOFC/MGT hybrid power plant concept (HPP). In this concept, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is combined with a micro gas turbine (MGT) to use the hot and low-caloric SOFC off-gases for further energy production. In this study, the focus is set on the development of a suitable single-stage jet-stabilized combustor which combines the functionality of a gas turbine combustor and a SOFC off-gas burner for low-caloric SOFC off-gases at combustor inlet temperatures up to 1073 K. To experimentally characterize the newly developed SOFC off-gas combustion system beyond the turbine operating conditions in the HPP, atmospheric tests were carried out. The anode and cathode flows within the test series are provided without the SOFC being in place. Reflecting the resulting SOFC off-gas conditions at different possible HPP operating points, the results from variations of the cathode and anode mass flow rates, the O2 content and the LHV were carried out and are presented. The off-gas burner proves a wide operational stability of the combustion concept with CO emissions below 10 ppm and NOx emissions below 3 ppm. The shape and location of the flame is investigated using the OH* signal detected by an ICCD camera.

Steady Characteristics of High-Speed Micro-Gas Journal Bearings With Different Gaseous Lubricants and Extreme Temperature Difference

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqing Zhang ◽  
Qinghua Chen ◽  
Juanfang Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermal Creep ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
The Stability

High-speed micro-gas journal bearing is one of the essential components of micro-gas turbines. As for the operating conditions of bearings, the high-speed, high-temperature, ultra-high temperature difference along the axial direction and the species of gaseous lubricants are extremely essential to be taken into account, and the effects of these factors are examined in this paper. The first-order modified Reynolds equation including the thermal creep, which results from the extremely large temperature gradient along the axial direction, is first derived and coupled with the simplified energy equation to investigate the steady hydrodynamic characteristics of the micro-gas bearings. Under the isothermal condition, it is found that CO2 can not only improve the stability of bearings but also generate a relatively higher load capacity by some comparisons. Thus, CO2 is chosen as the lubricant to further explore the influence of thermal creep. As the rotation speed and eccentricity ratio change, the thermal creep hardly has any effect on the gas film pressure. However, the shorter bearing length can augment the thermal creep. Compared with the cases without the thermal creep, the thermal creep could remarkably destroy the stability of gas bearing, but it might slightly enhance the load capacity.

Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Fed by Natural Gas and Synthesis Gas: MGT Test Bench and Combustor CFD Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cadorin ◽  
M. Pinelli ◽  
A. Vaccari ◽  
R. Calabria ◽  
F. Chiariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

In recent years, the interest in the research on energy production systems fed by biofuels has increased. Gaseous fuels obtained through biomass conversion processes such as gasification, pyrolysis and pyrogasification are generally defined as synthesis gas (syngas). The use of synthesis gas in small-size energy systems, such as those used for distributed micro-cogeneration, has not yet reached a level of technological maturity that could allow a large market diffusion. For this reason, further analyses (both experimental and numerical) have to be carried out to allow these technologies to achieve performance and reliability typical of established technologies based on traditional fuels. In this paper, a numerical analysis of a combustor of a 100-kW micro gas turbine fed by natural gas and biomass-derived synthesis gas is presented. The work has been developed in the framework of a collaboration between the Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara, the Istituto Motori - CNR (Napoli), and Turbec S.p A. of Corporeno di Cento (FE). The main features of the micro gas turbine Turbec T100, located at the Istituto Motori - CNR, are firstly described. A decompression and distribution system allows the feeding of the micro gas turbine with gaseous fuels characterized by different compositions. Moreover, a system of remote monitoring and control together with a data transfer system has been developed in order to set the operative parameters of the machine. The results of the tests performed under different operating conditions are then presented. Subsequently, the paper presents the numerical analysis of a model of the micro gas turbine combustor. The combustor model is validated against manufacturer performance data and experimental data with respect to steady state performance, i.e., average outlet temperature and emission levels. A sensitivity analysis on the model capability to simulate different operating conditions is then performed. The combustor model is used to simulate the combustion of a syngas, composed of different ratios of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water. The results in terms of flame displacement, temperature and emission distribution and values are analyzed and compared to the natural gas simulations. Finally, some simple modifications to the combustion chamber are proposed and simulated both with natural gas and syngas feeding.

Impact of Fuel Flexibility Needs on a Selected GT Performance in IGCC Application

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mansouri Majoumerd ◽  
Peter Breuhaus ◽  
Jure Smrekar ◽  
Mohsen Assadi ◽  
Carmine Basilicata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Lumped Model ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
The Impact

As part of a European Union (EU) funded H2-IGCC project, a baseline IGCC power plant was established; this was presented at the ASME Turbo Expo 2011 (GT2011-45701). The current paper focuses on a detailed investigation of the impact of using various fuels considering different operating conditions on the gas turbine performance, and the identification of technical solutions for the realization of the targeted fuel flexibility. Using a lumped model, based on real engine data, compressor and turbine maps of the targeted engine were generated and implemented into the detailed GT model made in the commercial heat and mass balance program, IPSEpro. The implementation was done in terms of look-up tables. The impact of fuel change on the gas turbine island has been investigated and reported in this paper. Calculation results show that for the given boundary conditions, the surge margin of the compressor was slightly reduced when natural gas was replaced by hydrogen-rich syngas. The use of cleaned syngas instead of hydrogen-rich syngas resulted in a considerable reduction of the surge margin and elevation of the turbine outlet temperature (TOT) at design point conditions, when keeping the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and compressor inlet mass flow unchanged. To maintain the TOT and improve the surge margin, when operating the engine with cleaned syngas, a combination of adjustment of variable inlet guide vanes (VIGV) and reduced TIT was considered. A parameter study was carried out to provide better understanding of the current limitations of the engine and to identify possible modifications to improve fuel flexibility.

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