Nanofibrillar Cellulose as an Enzymatically and Flow Driven Degradable Scaffold for Three-Dimensional Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Krüger ◽  
Bart Spee ◽  
Andreas Walther ◽  
Laura De Laporte ◽  
Linda M. Kock
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
Scaffold Material ◽  
Nanofibrillar Cellulose ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Fibroblast Spheroids ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Tissue Production

Abstract Nanofibrillar cellulose as a naturally biocompatible scaffold material is very promising for tissue engineering. It is shear thinning but has the downside of not being degradable in animals, it can only be degraded by cellulase enzymes. In this study, a newly developed bioreactor was used to culture fibroblast spheroids under flow conditions inside nanocellulose hydrogels with and without the presence of cellulase. The aim was to control the tissue size and ideally find a match between degradation and tissue formation within this promising material. Both the concentration of cellulase and the flow rate were varied and their influence on the activity and growth of fibroblast clusters was assessed. Cluster diameters, degradation, metabolic activity, and tissue production increase with higher cellulase concentration, although concentrations above 1 g/l does not have an additional benefit. Flow leads to more viable cells, more proliferation and migration, leading to overall larger tissue constructs compared to static conditions. This is most likely due to the shear thinning effect of flow on cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in addition to the increased nutrient supply through perfusion. At a constant cellulase concentration of 1 g/l, a flow of 2 ml/min proved to be optimal for tissue production. Therefore, degradation in combination with flow leads to more effective tissue production in CNF hydrogels, which is a very potent scaffold material for tissue engineering.

Combined Effects of Scaffold Material and Mechanical Stimulation on the Formation of Tissue Engineered Constructs Using Tendon and Ligament Progenitor Cells

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Breidenbach ◽  
Nathaniel A. Dyment ◽  
Yinhui Lu ◽  
Jason T. Shearn ◽  
David W. Rowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Scaffold Material ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Promising Alternative

Tendon and ligament injuries account for one-third of all musculoskeletal injuries [1]. Collagen fibrils in these mechanosensitive tissues transmit forces to mobilize and stabilize joint movement. Donor tissues used to repair these tissues often lack the mechanical properties of the tissue they are replacing. One promising alternative using tissue engineering combines stem/progenitor cells in three-dimensional tissue engineered constructs (TECs).

Histological study of an experimentally constructed decellularized rat lung as a model of whole organ three-dimensional natural scaffold

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Romany Abdelsayed ◽  
Suzi Sobhy Atalla ◽  
Gehan Khalaf Megahed ◽  
Asmaa Abd El-Monem Abo Zeid
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
End Stage

Abstract Introduction With the increase of end stage lung diseases and the great problems facing lung transplantation tissue engineering become a promising solution. The first step in lung engineering is to obtain a 3D Extracellular matrix lung scaffold via decellularization. Decellularization aims to remove cells from tissue ultrastructure while preserving the mechanical and biological properties of the tissue. Intact ECM provides critical cues for differentiation and migration of cells that are seeded onto the organ scaffold. Objectives This study aimed to obtain an intact and well-preserved ECM lung scaffold by decellularization of rat lungs. Methods Decellularization of lungs of ten Wistar rats was achieved by perfusing detergents through the pulmonary artery. The resultant scaffolds were fixed and analyzed histologically. Results It was found that the decellularization process effectively removed the cellular and nuclear material while retaining native the 3D ECM of lung tissue. The architecture of the collagen and elastic fibers networks were preserved as comparable to the native lungs. Furthermore, the basement membranes of the bronchiolar and interalveolar septa were intact. Conclusions This methodology is expected to allow decellularization of human lung tissues and permits future scientific exploration in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Micropatterning Decellularized ECM as a Bioactive Surface to Guide Cell Alignment, Proliferation, and Migration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Cady ◽  
Jacob A. Orkwis ◽  
Rachel Weaver ◽  
Lia Conlin ◽  
Nicolas N. Madigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Bioactive Component ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Degree

Bioactive surfaces and materials have displayed great potential in a variety of tissue engineering applications but often struggle to completely emulate complex bodily systems. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial, bioactive component in all tissues and has recently been identified as a potential solution to be utilized in combination with biomaterials. In tissue engineering, the ECM can be utilized in a variety of applications by employing the biochemical and biomechanical cues that are crucial to regenerative processes. However, viable solutions for maintaining the dimensionality, spatial orientation, and protein composition of a naturally cell-secreted ECM remain challenging in tissue engineering. Therefore, this work used soft lithography to create micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates of a three-dimensional nature to control cell adhesion and alignment. Cells aligned on the micropatterned PDMS, secreted and assembled an ECM, and were decellularized to produce an aligned matrix biomaterial. The cells seeded onto the decellularized, patterned ECM showed a high degree of alignment and migration along the patterns compared to controls. This work begins to lay the groundwork for elucidating the immense potential of a natural, cell-secreted ECM for directing cell function and offers further guidance for the incorporation of natural, bioactive components for emerging tissue engineering technologies.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Rat Lung Decellularization by Chemical Detergents for Lung Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Tebyanian ◽  
Ali Karami ◽  
Ebrahim Motavallian ◽  
Jafar Aslani ◽  
Ali Samadikuchaksaraei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Detergent Concentration ◽  
Lung Tissue Engineering ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Triton X

BACKGROUND: Lung disease is the most common cause of death in the world. The last stage of pulmonary diseases is lung transplantation. Limitation and shortage of donor organs cause to appear tissue engineering field. Decellularization is a hope for producing intact ECM in the development of engineered organs.AIM: The goal of the decellularization process is to remove cellular and nuclear material while retaining lung three-dimensional and molecular proteins. Different concentration of detergents was used for finding the best approach in lung decellularization.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, three-time approaches (24, 48 and 96 h) with four detergents (CHAPS, SDS, SDC and Triton X-100) were used for decellularizing rat lungs for maintaining of three-dimensional lung architecture and ECM protein composition which have significant roles in differentiation and migration of stem cells This comparative study determined that variable decellularization approaches can cause significantly different effects on decellularized lungs.RESULTS: Results showed that destruction was increased with increasing the detergent concentration. Single detergent showed a significant reduction in maintaining of three-dimensional of lung and ECM proteins (Collagen and Elastin). But, the best methods were mixed detergents of SDC and CHAPS in low concentration in 48 and 96 h decellularization.CONCLUSION: Decellularized lung tissue can be used in the laboratory to study various aspects of pulmonary biology and physiology and also, these results can be used in the continued improvement of engineered lung tissue.

Strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering: seed vs. soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (40) ◽  
pp. 7881-7895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Sicari ◽  
Ricardo Londono ◽  
Stephen F. Badylak
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scaffold Material ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Tissue Replacement ◽  
Tissue Engineering Approach ◽  
Scaffold Materials

The most commonly used tissue engineering approach includes theex vivocombination of site-appropriate cell(s) and scaffold material(s) to create three-dimensional constructs for tissue replacement or reconstruction. Biologic scaffold materials facilitate endogenous cell recruitment.

Application of Chitosan as Scaffold Material of Construction In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Peng Song Li ◽  
Dao Yu Chen ◽  
Hai Chao Dong ◽  
Jing Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scaffold Material ◽  
Partial Reconstruction ◽  
Meniscus Tears ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Biomaterial Scaffolds ◽  
Regenerate Tissue ◽  
Research On Application

Tissue engineering has the potential to regenerate tissue which regeneration capacity is limited. Nowadays, three-dimensional scaffold has become an excellent scaffold in tissue engineering. Chitosan as a scaffold material in tissue engineering is known for emerging techniques for treating some tissue damage, but there are questions that need to be answered, including application of chitosan and other materials, to provide growth factors, mechanical support and other micro environment, as well as the application at all levels, including conducive to an optimal and suitable cell source, the usability of growth factor, the selectivity of optimal biomaterial scaffolds as well as the technology for improving partial reconstruction of meniscus tears. This review focuses on current research on application of chitosan as scaffold material of construction In Vitro.

HYDROXYAPATITE, ALGINATE, AND CHITOSAN FOR BONE SCAFFOLDS: SPECTROSCOPY STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Lalita El Milla
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Powder ◽  
Materials Used

Scaffolds is three dimensional structure that serves as a framework for bone growth. Natural materials are often used in synthesis of bone tissue engineering scaffolds with respect to compliance with the content of the human body. Among the materials used to make scafffold was hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. Hydroxyapatite powder obtained by mixing phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide, alginate powders extracted from brown algae and chitosan powder acetylated from crab. The purpose of this study was to examine the functional groups of hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan. The method used in this study was laboratory experimental using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for hydroxyapatite, alginate and chitosan powders. The results indicated the presence of functional groups PO43-, O-H and CO32- in hydroxyapatite. In alginate there were O-H, C=O, COOH and C-O-C functional groups, whereas in chitosan there were O-H, N-H, C=O, C-N, and C-O-C. It was concluded that the third material containing functional groups as found in humans that correspond to the scaffolds material in bone tissue engineering.

In vitro Three Dimensional Scaffold-free Construct of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Coculture with Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1344
Author(s):  
Grigore Berea ◽  
Gheorghe Gh. Balan ◽  
Vasile Sandru ◽  
Paul Dan Sirbu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells

Complex interactions between stem cells, vascular cells and fibroblasts represent the substrate of building microenvironment-embedded 3D structures that can be grafted or added to bone substitute scaffolds in tissue engineering or clinical bone repair. Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells (hASCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and normal dermal human fibroblasts (NDHF) can be mixed together in three dimensional scaffold free constructs and their behaviour will emphasize their potential use as seeding points in bone tissue engineering. Various combinations of the aforementioned cell lines were compared to single cell line culture in terms of size, viability and cell proliferation. At 5 weeks, viability dropped for single cell line spheroids while addition of NDHF to hASC maintained the viability at the same level at 5 weeks Fibroblasts addition to the 3D construct of stem cells and endothelial cells improves viability and reduces proliferation as a marker of cell differentiation toward osteogenic line.

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