A Computational Method for the Design of an Additively Manufactured Personalized Artificial Spinal Disc With Physiological Stiffness Under Multiple Loading Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Yu ◽  
Kristina Shea ◽  
Tino Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Computational Method ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Material Distribution ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Spinal Disc ◽  
Variable Reduction ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Multiple Loading ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Printed Materials

The main limitations of currently available artificial spinal discs are geometric unfit and unnatural motion. Multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) offers a potential solution for the fabrication of personalized free-form implants with a better fit and variable material distribution to achieve a set of target physiological stiffnesses. The structure of the artificial spinal disc proposed in this paper is inspired from a natural disc and includes both a matrix and a crisscross fiber-like structure, where the design variables are their material properties. After carrying out design variable reduction using linking strategies, a finite element-based optimization is then conducted to calculate the optimized material distribution to achieve physiological stiffness under five loading cases. The results show a good match in stiffness of the multi-material disc compared with the natural disc and that the multi-material artificial disc outperforms a current known solution, the ball-and-socket disc. Moreover, the potential of achieving an improved match in stiffness with a larger range of available 3D printable materials is demonstrated. Although the direct surgical implantation of the design is hindered currently by the biocompatibility of the 3D printed materials, a potential improvement of the design proposed is shown.

Computational Design of a Personalized Artificial Spinal Disc for Additive Manufacturing With Physiological Rotational Motions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Yu ◽  
Tino Stanković ◽  
Kristina Shea
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Material Distribution ◽  
Artificial Disc ◽  
Spinal Disc ◽  
Rotational Motions

Due to the limitations of currently available artificial spinal discs stemming from anatomical unfit and unnatural motion, patient-specific elastomeric artificial spinal discs are conceived as a promising solution to improve clinical results. Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing (AM) has the potential to facilitate the production of an elastomeric composite artificial disc with complex personalized geometry and controlled material distribution. Motivated by the potential combined advantages of personalized artificial spinal discs and multi-material AM, a biomimetic multi-material elastomeric artificial disc design with several matrix sections and a crisscross fiber network is proposed in this study. To determine the optimized material distribution of each component for natural motion restoration, a computational method is proposed. The method consists of automatic generation of a patient-specific disc Finite Element (FE) model followed by material property optimization. Biologically inspired heuristics are incorporated into the optimization process to reduce the number of design variables in order to facilitate convergence. The general applicability of the method is verified by designing both lumbar and cervical artificial discs with varying geometries, natural rotational motion ranges, and rotational stiffness requirements. The results show that the proposed method is capable of producing a patient-specific artificial spinal disc design with customized geometry and optimized material distribution to achieve natural spinal rotational motions. Future work focuses on extending the method to also include implant strength and shock absorption behavior into the optimization as well as identifying a suitable AM process for manufacturing.

Tensile strength of 3D printed materials: Review and reassessment of test parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Floor ◽  
Bas van Deursen ◽  
Erik Tempelman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

scholarly journals A Sequential Approach for Aerodynamic Shape Optimization with Topology Optimization of Airfoils

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Isaac Gibert Martínez ◽  
Frederico Afonso ◽  
Simão Rodrigues ◽  
Fernando Lau
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Shape Optimization ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Airfoil Surface ◽  
Aerodynamic Shape ◽  
Design Variables

The objective of this work is to study the coupling of two efficient optimization techniques, Aerodynamic Shape Optimization (ASO) and Topology Optimization (TO), in 2D airfoils. To achieve such goal two open-source codes, SU2 and Calculix, are employed for ASO and TO, respectively, using the Sequential Least SQuares Programming (SLSQP) and the Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) algorithms; the latter is well-known for allowing the addition of material in the TO which constitutes, as far as our knowledge, a novelty for this kind of application. These codes are linked by means of a script capable of reading the geometry and pressure distribution obtained from the ASO and defining the boundary conditions to be applied in the TO. The Free-Form Deformation technique is chosen for the definition of the design variables to be used in the ASO, while the densities of the inner elements are defined as design variables of the TO. As a test case, a widely used benchmark transonic airfoil, the RAE2822, is chosen here with an internal geometric constraint to simulate the wing-box of a transonic wing. First, the two optimization procedures are tested separately to gain insight and then are run in a sequential way for two test cases with available experimental data: (i) Mach 0.729 at α=2.31°; and (ii) Mach 0.730 at α=2.79°. In the ASO problem, the lift is fixed and the drag is minimized; while in the TO problem, compliance minimization is set as the objective for a prescribed volume fraction. Improvements in both aerodynamic and structural performance are found, as expected: the ASO reduced the total pressure on the airfoil surface in order to minimize drag, which resulted in lower stress values experienced by the structure.

NMR magnets for portable applications using 3D printed materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 106934
Author(s):  
Belal M.K. Alnajjar ◽  
André Buchau ◽  
Lars Baumgártner ◽  
Jens Anders
Keyword(s):  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

scholarly journals Assessment of Adhesion Response To 3D Printed Materials For Ophthalmic Device Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. A564
Author(s):  
M Alband ◽  
RM Lee ◽  
M Penny ◽  
S Brocchini ◽  
ST Hilton
Keyword(s):  
Device Development ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

scholarly journals Jammed Emulsions with Adhesive Pea Protein Particles for Elastoplastic Edible 3D Printed Materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 2101749
Author(s):  
Simha Sridharan ◽  
Marcel B. J. Meinders ◽  
Leonard M. Sagis ◽  
Johannes H. Bitter ◽  
Constantinos V. Nikiforidis
Keyword(s):  
Pea Protein ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Protein Particles ◽  
Printed Materials

APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY FOR RAPID TOOLING IN SHEET METAL FORMING

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
M.A. SEREZHKIN ◽  
D.O. KLIMYUK ◽  
A.I. PLOKHIKH
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Rapid Tooling ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Printing Parameters

The article presents the study of the application of 3D printing technology for rapid tooling in sheet metal forming for custom or small–lot manufacturing. The main issue of the usage of 3D printing technology for die tooling was discovered. It is proposed to use the method of mathematical modelling to investigate how the printing parameters affect the compressive strength of FDM 3D–printed parts. Using expert research methods, the printing parameters most strongly affecting the strength of products were identified for further experiments. A method for testing the strength of 3D–printed materials has been developed and tested.

Utilization of 3D Printed Materials in Expendable Pattern Casting Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dika Handayani ◽  
Nicole Wagner ◽  
Victor Okhuysen ◽  
Michael Seitz ◽  
Kyle Garibaldi
Keyword(s):  
Casting Process ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Expendable Pattern

scholarly journals Potentials with small-angle neutron scattering technique for understanding structure-property relation of 3D-printed materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (s2) ◽  
pp. E65-E70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Hui Kang ◽  
Brett G. Compton ◽  
William T. Heller ◽  
Shuo Qian ◽  
Gregory S. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Scattering Technique ◽  
Property Relation ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials

scholarly journals Cost-Effectively 3D-Printed Rigid and Versatile Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4544
Author(s):  
Osman Konuray ◽  
Arnau Sola ◽  
Jordi Bonada ◽  
Agnieszka Tercjak ◽  
Albert Fabregat-Sanjuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Dual Processing ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Acrylate Resin ◽  
Printed Materials

Versatile acrylate–epoxy hybrid formulations are becoming widespread in photo/thermal dual-processing scenarios, especially in 3D printing applications. Usually, parts are printed in a stereolithography or digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer, after which a thermal treatment would bestow the final material with superior mechanical properties. We report the successful formulation of such a hybrid system, consisting of a commercial 3D printing acrylate resin modified by an epoxy–anhydride mixture. In the final polymeric network, we observed segregation of an epoxy-rich phase as nano-domains, similar to what was observed in a previous work. However, in the current work, we show the effectiveness of a coupling agent added to the formulation to mitigate this segregation for when such phase separation is undesired. The hybrid materials showed significant improvement of Young’s modulus over the neat acrylate. Once the flexible, partially-cured material was printed with a minimal number of layers, it could be molded into a complex form and thermally cured. Temporary shapes were readily programmable on this final material, with easy shape recovery under mild temperatures. Inspired by repairable 3D printed materials described recently, we manufactured a large object by printing its two halves, and then joined them covalently at the thermal cure stage with an apparently seamless union.

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