Variation of Axial Residual Strains Along the Course and Circumference of Human Aorta Considering Age and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios P. Sokolis ◽  
Andreas Bompas ◽  
Stavroula A. Papadodima ◽  
Stavros K. Kourkoulis
Keyword(s):  
Opening Angle ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Outer Quadrant ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Residual Strains ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rectangular Strips ◽  
Axial Opening ◽  
Residual Stretch

Abstract Our understanding of aortic biomechanics is customarily limited by lack of information on the axial residual stretches of the vessel in both humans and experimental animals that would facilitate the identification of its actual zero-stress state. The aim of this study was thus to acquire hitherto unreported quantitative knowledge of axial opening angle and residual stretches in different segments and quadrants of the human aorta according to age and gender. Twenty-three aortas were harvested during autopsy from the aortic root to the iliac bifurcation and were divided into ≥12 segments and 4 quadrants. Morphometric measurements were taken in the excised/curled configuration of rectangular strips considered to be under zero-stress using image-analysis software to study the axial/circumferential variation of axial opening angle, internal/external residual stretch, and thickness of the aortic wall. The measured data demonstrated: (1) an axial opening angle peak at the arch branches, decreasing toward the ascending and to a near-constant value in the descending thoracic aorta, and increasing in the abdominal aorta; (2) the variation of residual stretches resembled that of opening angle, but axial differences in external residual stretch were more prominent; (3) wall thickness showed a progressive diminution along the vessel; (4) the highest opening angle/residual stretches were found in the inner quadrant and the lowest in the outer quadrant; (5) the anterior was the thinnest quadrant throughout the aorta; (6) age caused thickening but greatly reduced axial opening angle/residual stretches, without differences between males and females.

Regional distribution of circumferential residual strains in the human aorta according to age and gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios P. Sokolis ◽  
Giannis D. Savva ◽  
Stavroula A. Papadodima ◽  
Stavros K. Kourkoulis
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Residual Strains ◽  
And Gender

The Effects of College Music Instruction, Gender, and Musician Type on Income from Performing Music

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
Kris Chesky ◽  
Karendra Devroop
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Music Instruction ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
College Music ◽  
And Gender

Studies in the social sciences imply a relationship between levels of employment and potential adverse effects on health. The lack of information regarding musicians makes it difficult to describe and prepare for the potential adverse relationships between musicians’ economic patterns and health. The purpose of this study was to characterize economic patterns of musicians and to investigate the relationships between income from performing music and college music instruction, age, and gender. A total of 4,017 subjects participated in an Internet-based musician survey. Data analysis included the use of descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance, and multiple regression analysis. Results support the view that many musicians hold multiple jobs and that income from music performance is often a secondary source of income. Musicians with ≥4 years of college music instruction earned higher levels of income from performing music compared with musicians with less college music instruction. This study recognizes the need to consider the economic patterns of musicians and how these patterns may affect health adversely.

scholarly journals Estimation of risk factors for COVID-19 mortality - preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Caramelo ◽  
N Ferreira ◽  
B Oliveiros
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Temporal Spread

AbstractSince late December 2019 a new epidemic outbreak has emerged from Whuhan, China. Rapidly the new coronavirus has spread worldwide. China CDC has reported results of a descriptive exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed until the 11th February 2020, presenting the epidemiologic curves and geo-temporal spread of COVID-19 along with case fatality rate according to some baseline characteristics, such as age, gender and several well-established high prevalence comorbidities. Despite this, we intend to increase even further the predictive value of that manuscript by presenting the odds ratio for mortality due to COVID-19 adjusted for the presence of those comorbidities and baseline characteristics such as age and gender. Besides, we present a way to determine the risk of each particular patient, given his characteristics.We found that age is the variable that presents higher risk of COVID-19 mortality, where 60 or older patients have an OR = 18.8161 (CI95%[7.1997; 41.5517]). Regarding comorbidities, cardiovascular disease appears to be the riskiest (OR= 12.8328 CI95%[10.2736; 15.8643], along with chronic respiratory disease (OR=7.7925 CI95%[5.5446; 10.4319]). Males are more likely to die from COVID-19 (OR=1.8518 (CI95%[1.5996; 2.1270]). Some limitations such as the lack of information about the correct prevalence of gender per age or about comorbidities per age and gender or the assumption of independence between risk factors are expected to have a small impact on results. A final point of paramount importance is that the equation presented here can be used to determine the probability of dying from COVID-19 for a particular patient, given its age interval, gender and comorbidities associated.

Layer-Specific Residual Deformations and Their Variation Along the Human Aorta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios P. Sokolis ◽  
Nausicaa Gouskou ◽  
Stavroula Papadodima ◽  
Stavros K. Kourkoulis
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Human Aorta ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Changes ◽  
Residual Deformations ◽  
Axial Opening

Abstract This study described the regional distribution of layer-specific residual deformations in fifteen human aortas collected during autopsy. Circumferentially- and axially-cut strips of standardized dimensions from the anterior quadrant of nine consecutive aortic levels were photographed to obtain the zero-stress state for the intact wall. The strips were then dissected into layers that were also photographed to obtain their zero-stress state. Changes in layer-specific opening angle, residual stretches, and thickness at each aortic level and direction were determined via image analysis. The circumferential and axial opening angles of the intima were ~240° and ~30°, respectively, throughout the aorta; those of the adventitia were ~150° and -20° to 70°. The opening angles of the intact wall and media were similar in either direction. The circumferential residual stretches of the intima and the axial residual stretches of the media showed high values in the aortic arch, decreasing in the descending thoracic aorta and increasing toward the iliac artery bifurcation, while the axial residual stretches of the adventitia increased distally. The remaining residual stretches did not vary significantly with aortic level, suggesting an intimal role in determining circumferential, as well as medial and adventitial roles in determining axial residual stretches. We conclude that the tensile residual stretches released in the intima and media upon separation, and the compressive residual stretches released in the adventitia may moderate the inverse transmural stress gradients under physiologic loads, resulting from the >180° circumferential opening angle of the intact wall.

Empirical Analysis of Clinical Evaluations on Children Involved in the Child Protection System: The Role of Age and Gender

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Felix ◽  
Anjali T. Naik-Polan ◽  
Christine Sloss ◽  
Lashaunda Poindexter ◽  
Karen S. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
And Gender

Effect of antihistamine, age, and gender on task performance

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby Gilliland ◽  
Robert E. Schlegel ◽  
Thomas E. Nesthus
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender
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