scholarly journals Delineating Loss Sources Within a Linear Cascade With Upstream Cavity and Purge Flow

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Fiore ◽  
Nicolas Gourdain ◽  
Jean-François Boussuge ◽  
Eric Lippinois
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Linear Cascade ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Purge Flow ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Entropy Formulation ◽  
Secondary Vortices

Purge air is injected in cavities at the hub of axial turbines to prevent hot mainstream gas ingestion into interstage gaps. This process induces additional losses for the turbine due to an interaction between the purge and mainstream flow. This paper investigates the flow in a low-speed linear cascade rig with upstream hub cavity at a Reynolds number commonly observed in modern low-pressure turbine stages by the use of numerical simulation. Numerical predictions are validated by comparing against experimental data available. Three different purge mass flow rates are tested using three different rim seal geometries. Numerical simulations are performed using a large-eddy simulation (LES) solver on structured grids. An investigation of the different mechanisms associated with the turbine flow including cavity and purge air is intended through this simplified configuration. The underlying mechanisms of loss are tracked using an entropy formulation. Once described for a baseline case, the influence of purge flow and rim seal geometry on flow mechanisms and loss generation is described with the emphasis to obtain design parameters for losses reduction. The study quantifies loss generation due to the boundary layer on wetted surfaces and secondary vortices developing in the passage. The analysis shows different paths by which the purge flow and rim seal geometry can change loss generation including a modification of the shear layer between purge and mainstream, interaction with secondary vortices, and a modification of the flow behavior close to hub compared with a smooth configuration. The study shows the influence of purge flow rate and swirl on the strengthening of secondary vortices in the passage and the ability of axial overlapping rim seal to delay the development of secondary vortices compared with simple axial gaps.

Large eddy simulation study of turbulent flow around smooth and rough domes

2013 ◽  
Vol 227 (12) ◽  
pp. 2686-2700 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Kharoua ◽  
L Khezzar
Keyword(s):  
Large Eddy Simulation ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Horseshoe Vortex ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Large Eddy

Large eddy simulation of turbulent flow around smooth and rough hemispherical domes was conducted. The roughness of the rough dome was generated by a special approach using quadrilateral solid blocks placed alternately on the dome surface. It was shown that this approach is capable of generating the roughness effect with a relative success. The subgrid-scale model based on the transport of the subgrid turbulent kinetic energy was used to account for the small scales effect not resolved by large eddy simulation. The turbulent flow was simulated at a subcritical Reynolds number based on the approach free stream velocity, air properties, and dome diameter of 1.4 × 105. Profiles of mean pressure coefficient, mean velocity, and its root mean square were predicted with good accuracy. The comparison between the two domes showed different flow behavior around them. A flattened horseshoe vortex was observed to develop around the rough dome at larger distance compared with the smooth dome. The separation phenomenon occurs before the apex of the rough dome while for the smooth dome it is shifted forward. The turbulence-affected region in the wake was larger for the rough dome.

A numerical study of snow accumulation on the bogies of high-speed trains based on coupling improved delayed detached eddy simulation and discrete phase model

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (7) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyang Liu ◽  
Jiabin Wang ◽  
Huifen Zhu ◽  
Sinisa Krajnovic ◽  
Guangjun Gao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Detached Eddy Simulation ◽  
Discrete Phase Model ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Discrete Phase

A numerical simulation method based on the improved delayed detached eddy simulation coupled with a discrete phase model is used to study the influence of the snow on the performance of bogies of a high-speed train running in snowy weather. The snow particle trajectories, mass of snow packing on the bogie, and thickness of snow accumulation have been analyzed to investigate the flow mechanisms of snow accumulation on different parts of the bogies. The results show that the snow accumulation on the first bogie of the head vehicle is almost the same as that of the second bogie, but the total accumulated snow on the top side of the second bogie is more than 74% higher than that of the first bogie. Among all the components of the bogies, the motors were found to be strongly influenced by the snow accumulation. The underlying flow mechanisms responsible for the snow accumulations are discussed.

Detailed Numerical Study of the Main Sources of Loss and Flow Behavior in Low Pressure Steam Turbine Exhaust Hoods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Munyoki ◽  
Markus Schatz ◽  
Damian M. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Exhaust Hood ◽  
Recovery Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The performance of the axial-radial diffuser downstream of the last low-pressure steam turbine stages and the losses occurring subsequently within the exhaust hood directly influences the overall efficiency of a steam power plant. It is estimated that an improvement of the pressure recovery in the diffuser and exhaust hood by 10% translates into 1% of last stage efficiency [11]. While the design of axial-radial diffusers has been the object of quite many studies, the flow phenomena occurring within the exhaust hood have not received much attention in recent years. However, major losses occur due to dissipation within vortices and inability of the hood to properly diffuse the flow. Flow turning from radial to downward flow towards the condenser, especially at the upper part of the hood is essentially the main cause for this. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the losses within the exhaust hood flow for two operating conditions based on numerical results. In order to identify the underlying mechanisms and the locations where dissipation mainly occurs, an approach was followed, whereby the diffuser inflow is divided into different sectors and pressure recovery, dissipation and finally residual kinetic energy of the flow originating from these sectors is calculated at different locations within the hood. Based on this method, the flow from the topmost sectors at the diffuser inlet is found to cause the highest dissipation for both investigated cases. Upon hitting the exhaust hood walls, the flow on the upper part of the diffuser is deflected, forming complex vortices which are stretching into the condenser and interacting with flow originating from other sectors, thereby causing further swirling and generating additional losses. The detailed study of the flow behavior in the exhaust hood and the associated dissipation presents an opportunity for future investigations of efficient geometrical features to be introduced within the hood to improve the flow and hence the overall pressure recovery coefficient.

Effects of Cavity Purge Flow on Intermediate Turbine Duct Flowfield

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Qiang Du ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Hongrui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Duct Flow ◽  
Intermediate Turbine Duct ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Cavity Structure ◽  
Flow Mechanisms ◽  
Purge Flow

To increase the power output without adding additional stages, ultra-high bypass ratio engine, which has larger diameter low pressure turbine, attracts more and more attention because of its huge advantage. This tendency will lead to aggressive (high diffusion) intermediate turbine duct design. Much work has been done to investigate flow mechanisms in this kind of duct as well as its design criterion with numerical and experimental methods. Usually intermediate turbine duct simplified from real engine structure was adopted with upstream and downstream blades. However, cavity purge mass flow exists to disturb the duct flow field in real engine to change its performance. Naturally, the wall vortex pairs would develop in different ways. In addition to that, purge flow rate changes at different engine representative operating conditions. This paper deals with the influence of turbine purge flow on the aerodynamic performance of an aggressive intermediate turbine duct. The objective is to reveal the physical mechanism of purge flow ejected from the wheel-space and its effects on the duct flow field. Ten cases with and without cavity are simulated simultaneously. On one hand, the influence of cavity structure without purge flow on the flow field inside duct could be discussed. On the other hand, the effect of purge flow rate on flow field could be analyzed to investigate the mechanisms at different engine operating conditions. According to this paper, cavity structure is beneficial for pressure loss. And the influence concentrates near hub and duct inlet.

Laminarization of Internal Flows Under the Combined Effect of Strong Curvature and Rotation

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Guleren ◽  
I. Afgan ◽  
A. Turan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Duct Flow ◽  
Internal Flows ◽  
Square Duct ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strong Curvature

The laminarization phenomenon for the flow under the combined effect of strong curvature and rotation is discussed based on numerical predictions of large-eddy simulation (LES). Initially, the laminarization process is presented for the fully developed flow inside a spanwise rotating straight square duct. LES predictions over a wide range of rotation numbers (Ro=0–5) show that the turbulent kinetic energy decreases monotonically apart from 0.2<Ro<0.5. Subsequently, a spanwise rotating U-duct flow is considered with Ro=±0.2. The interaction of curvature and Coriolis induced secondary flows enhances the turbulence for the negative rotating case, whereas this interaction ensues strong laminarization for the positive rotating case. Finally, the laminarization is presented in the impeller of a typical centrifugal compressor, rotating at a speed of Ω=1862rpm(Ro=0.6). The resulting LES predictions are observed to be better than those of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) in the regions where turbulence is significant. However, for the regions dominated by strong laminarization, RANS results are seen to approach those of LES and experiments.

CFD Analysis of a Water Flume Design for Testing Marine and Hydrokinetics Energy Converters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshith Subramanian ◽  
Navid Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
Test Section ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Cfd Method

Marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) energy resources with advantages such as predictability and less variability compared to other forms of renewable energies, have been drawing more interest in recent years. One important phase before commercialization of new MHK technologies is to conduct experimental testing and evaluate their performance in a real environment. In this work, a numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to study the fluid flow behavior within a designed water flume for MHK energy technologies. The water flume design parameters were given by the team collaborators at National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Colorado School of Mines. The results from this simulation showed the flow characteristics within the test-section of the proposed water flume design. These results can be used for the follow on phases of this research that includes testing scaled MHK prototypes at different flow rates as well as optimizing either the water flume design to obtain more realistic flow characteristics within the test section or the MHK devices to obtain higher performance metrics at lower cost.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental investigations of buffet on a diamond airfoil designed for space launcher applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 4203-4218
Author(s):  
Jéromine Dumon ◽  
Yannick Bury ◽  
Nicolas Gourdain ◽  
Laurent Michel
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Flow Effects

Purpose The development of reusable space launchers requires a comprehensive knowledge of transonic flow effects on the launcher structure, such as buffet. Indeed, the mechanical integrity of the launcher can be compromised by shock wave/boundary layer interactions, that induce lateral forces responsible for plunging and pitching moments. Design/methodology/approach This paper aims to report numerical and experimental investigations on the aerodynamic and aeroelastic behavior of a diamond airfoil, designed for microsatellite-dedicated launchers, with a particular interest for the fluid/structure interaction during buffeting. Experimental investigations based on Schlieren visualizations are conducted in a transonic wind tunnel and are then compared with numerical predictions based on unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation (LES) approaches. The effect of buffeting on the structure is finally studied by solving the equation of the dynamics. Findings Buffeting is both experimentally and numerically revealed. Experiments highlight 3D oscillations of the shock wave in the manner of a wind-flapping flag. LES computations identify a lambda-shaped shock wave foot width oscillations, which noticeably impact aerodynamic loads. At last, the experiments highlight the chaotic behavior of the shock wave as it shifts from an oscillatory periodic to an erratic 3D flapping state. Fluid structure computations show that the aerodynamic response of the airfoil tends to damp the structural vibrations and to mitigate the effect of buffeting. Originality/value While buffeting has been extensively studied for classical supercritical profiles, this study focuses on diamond airfoils. Moreover, a fluid structure computation has been conducted to point out the effect of buffeting.

Parametric Design of a Waterjet Pump by Means of Inverse Design, CFD Calculations and Experimental Analyses

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duccio Bonaiuti ◽  
Mehrdad Zangeneh ◽  
Reima Aartojarvi ◽  
Jonas Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Inverse Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Hydrodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Suction Performance

The present paper describes the parametric design of a mixed-flow water-jet pump. The pump impeller and diffuser geometries were parameterized by means of an inverse design method, while CFD analyses were performed to assess the hydrodynamic and suction performance of the different design configurations that were investigated. An initial pump design was first generated and used as baseline for the parametric study. The effect of several design parameters was then analyzed in order to determine their effect on the pump performance. The use of a blade parameterization, based on inverse design, led to a major advantage in this study, because the three-dimensional blade shape is described by means of hydrodynamic parameters, such as blade loading, which has a direct impact on the hydrodynamic flow field. On the basis of this study, an optimal configuration was designed with the aim of maximizing the pump suction performance, while at the same time, guaranteeing a high level of hydrodynamic efficiency, together with the required mechanical and vibrational constraints. The final design was experimentally tested, and the good agreement between numerical predictions and experimental results validated the design process. This paper highlights the contrasting requirements in the pump design in order to achieve high hydrodynamic efficiency or good cavitation performance. The parametric study allowed us to determine design guidelines in order to find the optimal compromise in the pump design, in cases where both a high level of efficiency and suction performance must simultaneously be achieved. The design know-how developed in this study is based on flow field analyses and on hydrodynamic design parameters. It has therefore a general validity and can be used for similar design applications.

Numerical Investigation of the Compressible Flow Through a Turbine Center Frame Duct

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Chen ◽  
Christian Wakelam ◽  
Jonathan Ong ◽  
Andreas Peters ◽  
Andrea Milli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Compressible Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Turbulent Structures ◽  
Curvature Effects ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Static Pressure Distribution

Numerical investigation of the compressible flow in the Turbine Center Frame (TCF) duct was carried out using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method, and a Hybrid RANS/Large Eddy Simulation (HLES) method, i.e. Stress-Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES). The reference Reynolds number based on the TCF inlet condition is 530,000, and the inlet Mach number is 0.41. It is found that the boundary layer flow behavior is very sensitive to the incoming turbulence characteristics, so the upstream grid used to generate turbulence in the experiment is also included in the computational domain. Results have been validated carefully against experimental data, in terms of static pressure distribution on hub and casing walls, total pressure and Mach number profiles on the TCF measurement planes, as well as over-all pressure loss coefficient. Further, various fundamental mechanisms dictating the intricate flow phenomena, including concave and convex curvature effects, interactions between inlet turbulent structures and boundary layer, and turbulent kinetic energy budget, have been studied systematically. The current study is to evaluate the performance of HLES method for TCF flows and develop a further understanding of unsteady flow physics in the TCF duct. The results obtained in this work provide physical insight into the mechanisms relevant to the turbine intercase or TCF duct flows subjected to complex inlet disturbances.

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