Multilayer Nickel–Copper Anode for Direct Glucose Fuel Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Maizelis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Multilayer Coating ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Copper Coatings ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Direct Glucose Fuel Cell ◽  
Glucose Oxidation Reaction

Multilayer nickel–copper coatings consisting of layers of nickel–copper alloy and a mixture of metals with hydroxides were obtained by electrodeposition from polyligand pyrophosphate–ammonia electrolyte by the two-pulse potentiostatic method. A comparison between two different electrodes with the same real surface area is presented. The equality of the surface area of electrodes deposited from the electrolyte containing different copper and nickel ions’ concentration ratio was achieved by deposition of different numbers of layers. It is shown that the increase in the copper content in electrolyte leads to an increase in the copper ions’ content in the coating and the electrode surface develops more intensively. Freshly deposited coatings have approximately the same catalytic activity in the glucose oxidation reaction in the alkaline solution. But a multilayer coating with a higher copper content is more corrosion resistant and more stable in long-term electrolysis.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Whole Oyster Shells for Removing Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Cadmium Heavy Metal Ions from Stormwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4184
Author(s):  
Zhiying Xu ◽  
Caterina Valeo ◽  
Angus Chu ◽  
Yao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Initial Concentration

This research investigates the use of a common food waste product for removing four different types of metals typically found in stormwater. Whole, unprocessed oyster shells are explored for use in stormwater management infrastructure that addresses water quality concerns. The role of the shells’ surface area, exposure time, and the solution’s initial concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. Beaker scale experimental results demonstrated very good efficiency by the oyster shells for removing copper ions (80–95%), cadmium ions (50–90%), and zinc ions (30–80%) but the shells were not as effective in removing hexavalent chromium (20–60%). There was a positive relationship between initial concentration and removal efficiency for copper and zinc ions, a negative relationship for hexavalent chromium, and no relationship was found for cadmium ions. There was also a positive relationship between surface area and removal efficiency, and exposure time and removal efficiency. However, after a certain exposure time, the increase in removal efficiency was negligible and desorption was occasionally observed. A mid-scale experiment to mimic real-world conditions was conducted in which continuous inflow based on a 6-h design storm was applied to 2.7 kg of whole, unprocessed oyster shells. The shells provided an 86% and an 84% removal efficiency of cadmium and copper ions, respectively, in one day of hydraulic retention time. No removal was observed for hexavalent chromium, and zinc ion removal was only observed after initial leaching. This work has significant implications for sustainable stormwater infrastructure design using a material commonly found in municipal food waste.

The hydrogenation of allene. III. The reaction of allene with hydrogen catalyzed by nickel, copper, and their alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (21) ◽  
pp. 3324-3331 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Mann ◽  
A. M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Copper Content ◽  
Activation Energies ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Selective Formation

The reaction between allene and hydrogen over unsupported nickel, copper, and their alloys has been investigated in a static constant volume system between 26 and 131 °C for a wide reactant ratios. The orders of reaction with respect to hydrogen and allene were one and zero, respectively, and temperature independent. The reaction over metals and their alloys is largely simple hydrogenation, the early stages being principally a selective formation of propylene, with small yields of reduced polymers of allene. The overall activation energies varied between 4.8 and 11.8 kcal/g-mole. Selectivity was highest with copper and least with nickel. The amount of allene polymerized was not related in any particular way to the copper content of alloy.

scholarly journals Surface and Catalytic Properties of NiO and Co3O4 Solids Doped with Cobalt and Nickel Ions

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-484
Author(s):  
G.A. El-Shobaky ◽  
A.M. Turky ◽  
A.M. Ghozza
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Excess Oxygen ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Surface Excess ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Nickel Species ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

The effects of doping NiO and Co3O4 solids with cobalt and nickel species on their surface and catalytic properties were investigated. The amounts of dopant, in the form of the corresponding nitrate, were varied between 0.5–6.0 mol% cobalt ions and 2.0–6.0 mol% nickel ions. Pure and variously doped solids were subjected to thermal treatment at 300–700°C. The techniques employed were XRD, nitrogen adsorption at −196°C, decomposition of H2O2 at 30–50°C and estimation of the amount of surface excess oxygen on the variously prepared solids as determined by the hydrazine method. The results obtained revealed that the pure and variously doped NiO samples precalcined at 300°C consisted of a finely divided NiO phase having an average particle size of ca. 40 Å. Pure and variously doped Co3O4 specimens preheated at 500°C and 700°C were composed of a Co3O4 phase with a much bigger particle size (230 Å and 350 Å, respectively, for the solids precalcined at 500°C and 700°C). Doping of NiO followed by thermal treatment at 300°C and 500°C resulted in a measurable decrease in its BET surface area (19–23%), while doping of Co3O4 with nickel species followed by heating at 500°C and 700°C brought about a significant increase in its specific surface area (56–60%). Doping each of the NiO and Co3O4 solids with cobalt and nickel species greatly increased the amount of surface excess oxygen and effected a considerable increase in their catalytic activities. This increase was, however, much more pronounced in the case of NiO which attained a value of ca. 100-fold. Doping of NiO with cobalt species followed by thermal treatment at 300°C and 500°C decreased the activation energy (DE) of the catalyzed reaction to an extent proportional to the amount of dopant added. On the other hand, doping of Co3O4 with nickel species followed by thermal treatment at 500°C and 700°C did not change the value of DE. These results suggest that doping of Co3O4 with nickel species did not modify the mechanism of the catalyzed reaction but increased the concentration of catalytically active sites without changing their energetic nature.

STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CuO–B2O3–Bi2O3 GLASSES BY MEANS OF EPR AND FT-IR SPECTROSCOPIES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. ARDELEAN ◽  
SIMONA CORA ◽  
RALUCA CICEO-LUCACEL
Keyword(s):  
Local Structure ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

EPR and FT-IR spectroscopy have been used to investigate the B 2 O 3– Bi 2 O 3 glass matrix containing CuO in order to obtain more information about the local structure of these glasses. The EPR absorption spectra revealed the presence in the glass structure of the Cu 2+ ions in axially distorted octahedral environments. No superexchange interaction of Cu 2+ was detected. In the samples with x≥5 mol%, mixed valence states of copper ions were revealed. The FT-IR measurements indicate the presence in the glass structure of the distorted [ BiO 6] polyhedra, tri- and tetra-borate units ( BO 3, BO 4) and its dependence by the copper content.

Determination of the Real Surface Area of Palladium Electrode

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan-lan Fang ◽  
Qian Tao ◽  
Ming-fang Li ◽  
Ling-wen Liao ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
The Real ◽  
Palladium Electrode ◽  
Real Surface Area

scholarly journals Properties of Cobalt- and Nickel-Doped Zif-8 Framework Materials and Their Application in Heavy-Metal Removal from Wastewater

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1636
Author(s):  
Bowen Shen ◽  
Bixuan Wang ◽  
Liying Zhu ◽  
Ling Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Framework Materials ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
Dichromate Ions ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

Heterometallic zeolite imidazole framework materials (ZIF) exhibit highly attractive properties and have drawn increased attention. In this study, a petal-like zinc based ZIF-8 crystal and materials doped with cobalt and nickel ions were efficiently prepared in an aqueous solution at room temperature. It was observed that doped cobalt and nickel had obviously different effects on the morphology of ZIF-8. Cobalt ions were beneficial for the formation of ZIF-8, while addition of nickel ions tended to destroy the original configuration. Then we compared the absorption ability for metal ions between petal-like ZIF-8 and its doped derivatives with anion dichromate ions (Cr2O72−) and cation copper ions (Cu2+) as the absorbates. Results indicated that saturated adsorption capacities of Co@ZIF-8 and Ni@ZIF-8 for Cr2O72− reach 43.00 and 51.60 mg/g, while they are 1191.67 and 1066.67 mg/g for Cu2+, respectively, which are much higher than the original ZIF-8 materials. Furthermore, both the heterometallic ZIF-8 materials show fast adsorption kinetics to reach adsorption equilibrium. Therefore, petal-like ZIF-8 with doped ions can be produced through a facile method and can be an excellent candidate for further applications in heavy-metal treatment.

Adsorption Removal of Copper and Nickel Ions from Wastewater by Ammonia Modified Cotton Stalks

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2440-2443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Dong Mei Jia ◽  
Chang Hai Li ◽  
Bao Qing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Copper Ions ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Nickel Ions ◽  
Adsorption Removal ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

The ammonia modified cotton stalks (CS) were utilized to adsorb the Ni2+and Cu2+ions from wastewaters, and the effect parameters (i.e. pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature) were also investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The maximum uptake was attained, i.e., 99.4% and 98.8%, respectively, for nickel and copper ions, under the optimum conditions (adsorbent dose: 10 g/L; pH: 6.0 (Ni2+), 5.0 (Cu2+); t: 75min; T: 20 °C) when the initial concentration of heavy metal ions was 20 mg/L. The adsorption process of nickel and copper ions on ammonia modified CS was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

scholarly journals The interchange of hydrogen in the adsorbed film on tungsten

1941 ◽  
Vol 178 (975) ◽  
pp. 452-464 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Exchange Equilibrium ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
A Value ◽  
Tungsten Surface ◽  
Deuterium Gas ◽  
Approximate Treatment

Films of tungsten have been prepared, by evaporation from a filament, which bring the reactions p H 2 = o H 2 and H 2 +D 2 =2HD to equilibrium in a few minutes at 77° K. Their real surface area could be estimated as about 450 cm. 2 , from a measurement of the quantity of hydrogen which was rapidly and irreversibly adsorbed at 293° K. A WH film prepared by contacting the evaporated film with gaseous hydrogen showed a rapid interchange with deuterium gas at 193 and 293° K. From the interchange data a calculation of the surface area of the film was made, giving a value in good agreement with that cited above. An approximate treatment suggests that hydrogen and deuterium are equally strongly adsorbed on tungsten at 293° K. At 77° K the exchange equilibrium is displaced in favour of deuterium in the gas phase, so that no interchange could be detected between a WH film and gaseous deuterium . The interchange that was found to occur between gaseous hydrogen and a WD film was less than one would expect from results at 193° K. It was concluded that at 77° K only 20-40 % of the chemisorbed deuterium is sufficiently reactive to interchange with hydrogen gas, in the time of the experiment. A likely explanation for this is a slight variation over the tungsten, surface of the WD adsorption energy.

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