Effects of Pretreatment Outside of Torrefaction Range on Combustion Characteristics of Chars From Lignocellulosic Biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Caliskan Sarikaya ◽  
H. Haykiri-Acma ◽  
S. Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Biomass Structure ◽  
Brown Coals ◽  
Combustion Reactivity ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Burning Stability

Lignocellulosic woody biomasses such as rhododendron (RD), ash tree (AT), and hybrid poplar (HP) were heated under N2 at 200 °C and 400 °C, which are regarded as outside the range of efficient torrefaction temperatures. Also, several Turkish brown coals were carbonized at 750 °C for comparison. The obtained biochars/chars were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis. Combustion reactivity of the raw samples and the chars was estimated using the burning profiles. Burning kinetics was established by the Borchardt and Daniels (B&D) kinetic analysis method that was based on the evaluation of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data. Ignition index (Ci), burnout index (Cb), comprehensive combustibility index (S), and burning stability index (DW) were considered to evaluate the combustion performance. It was concluded that although treatment at 200 °C did not lead to considerable changes on the biomass structure, the combustion performance of the treated biomass became highly improved in comparison with the raw biomass. However, treatment at 400 °C led to serious variations in the biomass structure mainly due to reduction in O content and volatiles so that the fuel properties and the burning characteristics were affected, and the combustion performance was negatively influenced.

Synergistic Interactions During Cocombustion of Lignite, Biomass, and Their Chars

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Caliskan Sarikaya ◽  
H. Haykiri Acma ◽  
S. Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Combustion Reactivity ◽  
Burning Stability

Woody biomasses such as ash tree (AT), hybrid poplar (HP), and rhododendron (RD) were subjected to torrefaction and carbonization at temperatures of 200 °C and 400 °C. Likewise, several lignite samples were carbonized at 750 °C. Various binary fuel blends such as raw lignite/raw biomass, raw lignite/biochar, lignitic char/raw biomass, and lignitic char/biochar were prepared where the fraction of biomass or biochar was 10 wt% in the blends. The cocombustion characteristics of these blends were investigated through a thermal analysis method from the synergetic point of view considering the fuel properties and the combustion performance. Some parameters relevant to the combustion reactivity such as ignition point, maximum rate, peak temperature, and burnout temperature were commented to figure out whether synergistic interaction or additive behavior governs the combustion characteristics of the blends. Also, the combustion performance indices such as ignition index (Ci), burnout index (Cb), comprehensive combustibility index (S), and the burning stability index (DW) were estimated. It was concluded that the combinations of the additive behavior and the synergistic interactions governs the cocombustion process, and the kind of the fuels and their thermal history determine the reactivity and the interactions during cocombustion.

Burning Characteristics and the Fuel Properties of the Dry-Carbonization Chars of Sewage Sludge

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Haykiri-Acma ◽  
S. Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Thermal Analysis Method ◽  
Low Temperature Treatments ◽  
Burning Stability

Abstract As an alternative treatment to hydrothermal carbonization, sewage sludge (SS) was subjected to dry carbonization at temperatures of 200–700 °C to produce pyrochar. The fuel properties of the obtained chars were characterized, and their combustibility was checked by thermal analysis method. The combustibility of the chars was evaluated considering the criteria such as the ignition index (Ci), burnout index (Cb), comprehensive combustibility index (S), and the burning stability index (DW). Although even low temperature treatments such as 200 °C and 300 °C did not improve the calorific value, some improvements took place in the combustion characteristics upon treatment.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Reconstituted Collagen Fibers from Chicken Keel Cartilage Depends on Salt Type for Removal of Proteoglycans

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3538
Author(s):  
Anna Pudło ◽  
Szymon Juchniewicz ◽  
Wiesław Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Thermal Denaturation ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cartilage Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Oscillatory Rheometry ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of the presented research was to obtain reconstituted atelocollagen fibers after extraction from poultry cartilage using the pepsin-acidic method in order to remove telopeptides from the tropocollagen. Firstly, we examined the extraction of collagen from the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) after proteoglycans (PG) had been removed by the action of salts, i.e., NaCl or chaotropic MgCl2. Additionally, the effects of the salt type used for PG and hyaluronic acid removal on the properties of self-assembled fibers in solutions at pH 7.4 and freeze-dried matrices were investigated. The basic features of the obtained fibers were characterized, including thermal properties using scanning calorimetry, rheological properties using dynamic oscillatory rheometry, and the structure by scanning electron microscopy. The fibers obtained after PG removal with both analyzed types of salts had similar thermal denaturation characteristics. However, the fibers after PG removal with NaCl, in contrast to those obtained after MgCl2 treatment, showed different rheological properties during gelatinization and smaller diameter size. Moreover, the degree of fibrillogenesis of collagens after NaCl treatment was complete compared to that with MgCl2, which was only partial (70%). The structures of fibers after lyophilization were fundamentally different. The matrices obtained after NaCl pretreatment form regular scaffolds in contrast to the thin, surface structures of the cartilage matrix after proteoglycans removal using MgCl2.

scholarly journals Integration of Stable Ionic Liquid-Based Nanofluids into Polymer Membranes. Part I: Membrane Synthesis and Characterization

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽  
Fernando Pardo ◽  
Gabriel Zarca ◽  
João M. M. Araújo ◽  
Ane Urtiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Small Addition ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Optical Profilometry ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Exfoliated Graphene ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, polymeric membranes functionalized with ionic liquids (ILs) and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGnP) were developed and characterized. These membranes based on graphene ionanofluids (IoNFs) are promising materials for gas separation. The stability of the selected IoNFs in the polymer membranes was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of membranes was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and interferometric optical profilometry (WLOP). SEM results evidence that upon the small addition of xGnP into the IL-dominated environment, the interaction between IL and xGnP facilitates the migration of xGnP to the surface, while suppressing the interaction between IL and Pebax®1657. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was also used to determine the polymer–IoNF interactions and the distribution of the IL in the polymer matrix. Finally, the thermodynamic properties and phase transitions (polymer–IoNF) of these functionalized membranes were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This analysis showed a gradual decrease in the melting point of the polyamide (PA6) blocks with a decrease in the corresponding melting enthalpy and a complete disappearance of the crystallinity of the polyether (PEO) phase with increasing IL content. This evidences the high compatibility and good mixing of the polymer and the IoNF.

Thermal properties of polybenzoxazine exhibiting improved toughness: Blending with cyclodextrin and its derivatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110130
Author(s):  
Hailong Li ◽  
Sipei Zhao ◽  
Li Pei ◽  
Zihe Qiao ◽  
Ding Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermoset Resins ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Fractured Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polybenzoxazines are emerging as a class of high-performance thermoset polymers that can find their applications in various fields. However, its practical application is limited by its low toughness. The cyclic β-cyclodextrin and a newly synthesized derivative (β-cyclodextrin-MAH) were separately blended with benzoxazine to improve the toughness of polybenzoxazine. The results revealed that the maximum impact strength of the blend was 12.24 kJ·m−2 and 14.29 kJ·m−2 when 1 wt.% of β-Cyclodextrin and β-Cyclodextrin-MAH, respectively, were used. The strengths were 53% and 86% higher than that of pure polybenzoxazine. The curing reaction, possible chemical structures, and fractured surface were examined using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques to understand the mechanism of generation of toughness. The results revealed that the sea-island structure and the presence of hydrogen bonds between polybenzoxazine and β-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin-MAH resulted in the generation of toughness. Furthermore, the curves generated during thermogravimetric analysis did not significantly change, revealing the good thermal properties of the system. The phase-separated structure and the hydrogen bonds present in the system can be exploited to prepare synergistically tough polybenzoxazine exhibiting excellent thermal properties. This can be a potential way of modifying the thermoset resins.

scholarly journals Extraction of Boron from Ludwigite Ore: Mechanism of Soda-Ash Roasting of Lizardite and Szaibelyite

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Guanghui Li ◽  
Jinxiang You ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Soda Ash ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ludwigite ore is a typical low-grade boron ore accounting for 58.5% boron resource of China, which is mainly composed of magnetite, lizardite and szaibelyite. During soda-ash roasting of ludwigite ore, the presence of lizardite hinders the selective activation of boron. In this work, lizardite and szaibelyite were prepared and their soda-ash roasting behaviors were investigated using thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) analyses, in order to shed light on the soda-ash activation of boron within ludwigite ore. Thermodynamics of Na2CO3-MgSiO3-Mg2SiO4-Mg2B2O5 via FactSage show that the formation of Na2MgSiO4 was preferential for the reaction between Na2CO3 and MgSiO3/Mg2SiO4. While, regarding the reaction between Na2CO3 and Mg2B2O5, the formation of NaBO2 was foremost. Raising temperature was beneficial for the soda-ash roasting of lizardite and szaibelyite. At a temperature lower than the melting of sodium carbonate (851 °C), the soda-ash roasting of szaibelyite was faster than that of lizardite. Moreover, the melting of sodium carbonate accelerated the reaction between lizardite with sodium carbonate.

INFLUENCE OF La2O3 ADDITIONS ON CHEMICAL DURABILITY AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BOROALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1250062 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. ZHANG ◽  
Y. L. YUE ◽  
H. T. WU
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Tangent Loss ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Quenching Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Boroaluminosilicate glasses containing La2O3 were prepared by the normal quenching method. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The structural role of RO was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Chemical durability was evaluated by weight losses of glass samples after immersion in HC1 solution. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) was used to examine the surface micrographs of corroded glass samples. The dielectric constant and tangent loss were measured in the frequency range 10–106 Hz. The results revealed that chemical durability and dielectric properties increased with increasing La2O3 content.

Research on compatibility and surface of high impact bio-based polyamide

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110055
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yuhui Zhang ◽  
Yuhan Xu ◽  
Xiucai Liu ◽  
Weihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
High Impact ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The super-tough bio-based nylon was prepared by melt extrusion. In order to improve the compatibility between bio-based nylon and elastomer, the elastomer POE was grafted with maleic anhydride. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to study the compatibility and micro-distribution between super-tough bio-based nylon and toughened elastomers. The results of mechanical strength experiments show that the 20% content of POE-g-MAH has the best toughening effect. After toughening, the toughness of the super-tough nylon was significantly improved. The notched impact strength was 88 kJ/m2 increasing by 1700%, which was in line with the industrial super-tough nylon. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the crystallization behavior of bio-based PA56, and the effect of bio-based PA56 with high crystallinity on mechanical properties was analyzed from the microstructure.

scholarly journals Effect of the dispersion of the chromophore on the optical performances of polarizers from polyethylene and 5”-thio- (3-butyl)nonyl-2,2’:5’,2”-terthiophene

e-Polymers ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pucci ◽  
Letizia Moretto ◽  
Giacomo Ruggeri ◽  
Francesco Ciardelli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Affine Deformation ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractA new polyethylene-compatible terthiophene chromophore, 5”-thio-(3- butyl)nonyl-2,2’:5’,2”-terthiophene, with melting point lower than 0°C was prepared and used for linear polarizers based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy indicate that the new chromophore is dispersed uniformly in films of UHMWPE obtained by casting from solution. The films show excellent dichroic properties (dichroic ratio 30) at rather low drawing ratio (≈ 20) . Moreover, qualitative agreement is observed with the Ward pseudo-affine deformation scheme.

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide as a Nanocarrier for Controlled Loading and Targeted Delivery of Typhonium giganteum Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Gu ◽  
Rui Cao ◽  
Fu Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Hongge Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
A549 Lung ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, Typhonium giganteum containing dual-function nanofibers composed of poly(butylene carbonate), polylactic acid, and graphene oxide (PBC/PLA/GO) were successfully fabricated by electrospinning. The results from thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicate that no interactions occurred between PBC and PLA. The nanofiber microstructure upon which graphene oxide was evenly distributed was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and showed good silk properties. The nanofibers can be used as a drug carrier since loaded Typhonium giganteum fibers possess excellent biocompatibility. Such nanofibers are effective in inhibiting the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells, and thus they have potential for replacing chemotherapy-based treatments of lung cancer. In addition, the PBC/PLA/GO nanofibers degrade in physiological and natural environments, which is an important feature when engineering tissues and environment-friendly materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document