Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Cathodic Arc Ion Plated TiAlN and TiSiN Coatings at High Temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kong Weicheng ◽  
Shen Hui ◽  
Kong Dejun
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Tialn Coating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cathodic Arc

TiAlN and TiSiN coatings were deposited on YT15 cemented carbide using a cathodic arc ion plating (CAIP). The surface-cross section morphologies, chemical elements, surface roughness, phases, and chemical valences of as-obtained coatings were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively, and the bonding strength, hardness and Young's modulus of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings were measured using a scratch tester and nano-indentation, respectively, and the wear mechanism at high temperatures was also discussed. The results show that the surface roughness of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings is 69.1 and 58.0 nm, respectively, and the corresponding average particle size is 998.8 and 817.2 nm, respectively. The TiAlN coating is composed of TiAlN and AlN, while the TiSiN coating is composed of TiN and Si3N4. The bonding strength of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings is 84.3 and 72.6 N, respectively, the hardness and Young's modulus of TiAlN coating is 23.67 and 415.80 GPa, respectively, while that of TiSiN coating is 20.46 and 350.40 GPa, respectively. The average coefficients of friction (COFs) of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings are 0.4516 and 0.4807, respectively; the corresponding wear rate is 589.7 × 10−6 and 4142.2 × 10−6 mm3 N−1 s−1, respectively; the wear mechanism of TiAlN and TiSiN coatings is oxidation wear and abrasive wear.

Mechanical properties of FeAlSi powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Čech ◽  
Petr Haušild ◽  
Miroslav Karlík ◽  
Veronika Kadlecová ◽  
Jiří Čapek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Complete Homogenization

FeAl20Si20 (wt.%) powders prepared by mechanical alloying from different initial feedstock materials (Fe, Al, Si, FeAl27) were investigated in this study. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation techniques were used to analyze microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties (hardness and Young’s modulus). Finite element model was developed to account for the decrease in measured values of mechanical properties of powder particles with increasing penetration depth caused by surrounding soft resin used for embedding powder particles. Progressive homogenization of the powders’ microstructure and an increase of hardness and Young’s modulus with milling time were observed and the time for complete homogenization was estimated.

scholarly journals X-ray Diffraction Analysis and Williamson-Hall Method in USDM Model for Estimating More Accurate Values of Stress-Strain of Unit Cell and Super Cells (2 × 2 × 2) of Hydroxyapatite, Confirmed by Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Test

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2949
Author(s):  
Marzieh Rabiei ◽  
Arvydas Palevicius ◽  
Amir Dashti ◽  
Sohrab Nasiri ◽  
Ahmad Monshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Deformation Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Uniform Deformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pulse Echo

Taking into account X-ray diffraction, one of the well-known methods for calculating the stress-strain of crystals is Williamson-Hall (W–H). The W-H method has three models, namely (1) Uniform deformation model (UDM); (2) Uniform stress deformation model (USDM); and (3) Uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM). The USDM and UDEDM models are directly related to the modulus of elasticity (E). Young’s modulus is a key parameter in engineering design and materials development. Young’s modulus is considered in USDM and UDEDM models, but in all previous studies, researchers used the average values of Young’s modulus or they calculated Young’s modulus only for a sharp peak of an XRD pattern or they extracted Young’s modulus from the literature. Therefore, these values are not representative of all peaks derived from X-ray diffraction; as a result, these values are not estimated with high accuracy. Nevertheless, in the current study, the W-H method is used considering the all diffracted planes of the unit cell and super cells (2 × 2 × 2) of Hydroxyapatite (HA), and a new method with the high accuracy of the W-H method in the USDM model is presented to calculate stress (σ) and strain (ε). The accounting for the planar density of atoms is the novelty of this work. Furthermore, the ultrasonic pulse-echo test is performed for the validation of the novelty assumptions.

scholarly journals Influence of Beam Power on Young’s Modulus and Friction Coefficient of Ti–Ta Alloys Formed by Electron-Beam Surface Alloying

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246
Author(s):  
Stefan Valkov ◽  
Dimitar Dechev ◽  
Nikolay Ivanov ◽  
Ruslan Bezdushnyi ◽  
Maria Ormanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Surface Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Beam Surface

In this study, we present the results of Young’s modulus and coefficient of friction (COF) of Ti–Ta surface alloys formed by electron-beam surface alloying by a scanning electron beam. Ta films were deposited on the top of Ti substrates, and the specimens were then electron-beam surface alloyed, where the beam power was varied from 750 to 1750 W. The structure of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Young’s modulus was studied by a nanoindentation test. The coefficient of friction was studied by a micromechanical wear experiment. It was found that at 750 W, the Ta film remained undissolved on the top of the Ti, and no alloyed zone was observed. By an increase in the beam power to 1250 and 1750 W, a distinguished alloyed zone is formed, where it is much thicker in the case of 1750 W. The structure of the obtained surface alloys is in the form of double-phase α’and β. In both surface alloys formed by a beam power of 1250 and 1750 W, respectively, Young’s modulus decreases about two times due to different reasons: in the case of alloying by 1250 W, the observed drop is attributed to the larger amount of the β phase, while at 1750 W is it due to the weaker binding forces between the atoms. The results obtained for the COF show that the formation of the Ti–Ta surface alloy on the top of Ti substrate leads to a decrease in the coefficient of friction, where the effect is more pronounced in the case of the formation of Ti–Ta surface alloys by a beam power of 1250 W.

scholarly journals Phase Formation, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg67Ag33 as Potential Biomaterial

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Konrad Kosiba ◽  
Konda Gokuldoss Prashanth ◽  
Sergio Scudino
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Equilibrium Phase Diagram ◽  
Compressive Yield Strength ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Equilibrium Phases

The phase and microstructure formation as well as mechanical properties of the rapidly solidified Mg67Ag33 (at. %) alloy were investigated. Owing to kinetic constraints effective during rapid cooling, the formation of equilibrium phases is suppressed. Instead, the microstructure is mainly composed of oversaturated hexagonal closest packed Mg-based dendrites surrounded by a mixture of phases, as probed by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A possible non-equilibrium phase diagram is suggested. Mainly because of the fine-grained dendritic and interdendritic microstructure, the material shows appreciable mechanical properties, such as a compressive yield strength and Young’s modulus of 245 ± 5 MPa and 63 ± 2 GPa, respectively. Due to this low Young’s modulus, the Mg67Ag33 alloy has potential for usage as biomaterial and challenges ahead, such as biomechanical compatibility, biodegradability and antibacterial properties are outlined.

scholarly journals Improved Osseointegration of a TiNbSn Alloy with a Low Young’s Modulus Treated with Anodic Oxidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kunii ◽  
Yu Mori ◽  
Hidetatsu Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Kogure ◽  
Masayuki Kamimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pull Out

Abstract Ti6Al4V alloy orthopedic implants are widely used as Ti6Al4V alloy is a biocompatible material and resistant to corrosion. However, Ti6Al4V alloy has higher Young’s modulus compared with human bone. The difference of elastic modulus between bone and titanium alloy may evoke clinical problems because of stress shielding. To resolve this, we previously developed a TiNbSn alloy offering low Young’s modulus and improved biocompatibility. In the present study, the effects of sulfuric acid anodic oxidation on the osseointegration of TiNbSn alloy were assessed. The apatite formation was evaluated with Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The biocompatibility of TiNbSN alloy was evaluated in experimental animal models using pull-out tests and quantitative histological analyses. The results of the surface analyses indicated that sulfuric anodic oxidation induced abundant superficial apatite formation of the TiNbSn alloy disks and rods, with a 5.1-µm-thick oxide layer and submicron-sized pores. In vivo, treated rods showed increased mature lamellar bone formation and higher failure loads compared with untreated rods. Overall, our findings indicate that anodic oxidation with sulfuric acid may help to improve the biocompatibility of TiNbSn alloys for osseointegration.

Characterization of Cofficient of Friction in Dry Contact for Control of Vibrations in Machine Systems

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Abdo ◽  
Kambiz Farhang ◽  
Glenn Meinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Dry Contact ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Alloy 6061

Abstract A 2k factorial experiment is performed to ascertain the effect of four factors and their cross influence on friction between dry surfaces. The factors in this study include materials Young’s modulus, applied normal load, surface roughness and relative surface speed. For each combination of factors four replicates in addition to two center points are used to obtain an average coefficient of friction for dry contact. In the experiment 304 Stainless Steel and Alloy 6061 Aluminum are employed to provide the high and low levels of Young’s modulus. Results suggest that Young’s modulus has the most significant influence followed by velocity/modulus cross-coupling, surface roughness, load, and modulus/roughness. Analyses are carried out separately for the 304 Stainless Steel and alloy 6061 Aluminum to remove the effect of Young’s modulus. The results are used to obtain iso-friction curves that serve to establish force-speed control for prevention of stick-slip vibration.

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