Optimizing Preloading Pressure of Precharged Gas for Isobaric Gas-Tight Hydrothermal Samplers

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haocai Huang ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
Wei Ye ◽  
Shijun Wu ◽  
Canjun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Sampling Depth ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Gas Tight

Isobaric gas-tight hydrothermal samplers, with the ability to maintain pressure, can be used to keep in situ chemical and biological sample properties stable. The preloading pressure of the precharged gas is a major concern for isobaric gas-tight hydrothermal samplers, especially when the samplers are used at different sampling depths, where the in situ pressures and ambient temperatures vary greatly. The most commonly adopted solution is to set the preloading pressure for gas-tight samplers as 10% of the hydrostatic pressure at the sampling depth, which might emphasize too much on pressure retention; thereby, the sample volume may be unnecessarily reduced. The pressure transition of the precharged gas was analyzed theoretically and modeled at each sampling stage of the entire field application process. Additionally, theoretical models were built to represent the pressure and volume of hydrothermal fluid samples as a function of the preloading pressure of the precharged gas. Further, laboratory simulation and examination approaches were also adopted and compared, in order to obtain the volume change of the sample and accumulator chambers. By using theoretical models and the volume change of the two chambers, the optimized preloading pressure for the precharged gas was obtained. Under the optimized preloading pressure, the in situ pressure of the fluid samples could be maintained, and their volume was maximized. The optimized preloading pressure obtained in this study should also be applicable to other isobaric gas-tight hydrothermal samplers, by adopting a similar approach to pressure maintenance.

scholarly journals In situ Investigations from Spinels under high pressure and high Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C398-C398
Author(s):  
Michael Wehber ◽  
Frank Schilling ◽  
Christian Lathe ◽  
Hans Mueller
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Deep Interior ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Murnaghan Equation

Spinels seem to be important constituents of the deep interior of the Earth while transition with spinel or pseudospinel structure strongly influence the dynamic of the mantle. On the other hand, spinels are widely used as artificial material. The spinels Magnetite, Franklinite, and Gahnite are investigated at the Hamburger Synchrotron Laboratory (HASYLAB) at Hamburg. The experiments were carried out using the high pressure multi anvil devices MAX80 (F2.1 Beamline) and MAX200x (W2 Beamline). The MAX80 is a single state apparatus located at a bending magnet, MAX200x is a double state system located at a wiggler. Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction in combination with Rietveld refinement [1, 2] was used to determine the pressure and temperature induced volume change. Isothermal experiments were performed up to 15 GPa at ambient temperature. The temperature and pressure dependent volume change were derived from compression experiments using MAX80 apparatus up to 5 GPa at temperatures of 298, 500, 700, 900 and 1100 K. Bulk moduli at ambient temperatures using a Birch-Murnaghan equation of state result in KT=184(7) GPa with K'=4.5(2) for Magnetite, KT =178(6) with K'=4.6(4) for Franklinite, and KT =204(9) with K'=4.9(6) for Gahnite.

Dust Interaction with Energetic Particles — A Laboratory Simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Pavlů ◽  
Libor Nouzák ◽  
Jan Wild ◽  
Jakub Vaverka ◽  
Ivana Richterova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Mesoscopic Structure ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Dust Grain ◽  
Dust Charging

<p>Dust grains in space frequently face energetic particles, e.g., ions, electrons, X-ray, positrons, etc. Such a broad variety of particle–dust interactions plays a significant role in dust charging and surface modification. The combination of high energy of particles together with a limited size of objects (dust) comprises interesting mesoscopic structure with non-obvious behavior. While in situ experiments are difficult and rare, we observed particular interactions experimentally in an electrodynamic trap. It allows us to study of a single dust grain temporal evolution under well defined conditions, i.e., to somewhat separate aforementioned processes and to investigate them individually. We present a summary of laboratory simulations and their<br>comparison with simple theoretical models. We discuss dust charging by different elementary particles and its importance for various space regions.</p>

A 3D mixed ion/electron conducting scaffold by in-situ conversion for long-life lithium metal anodes

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Jiang ◽  
Qingyuan Dong ◽  
Maohui Bai ◽  
Furong Qin ◽  
Maoyi Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anode Material ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Dendrite Growth ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Lithium Metal Anodes ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Metal Anodes

Lithium (Li) metal is widely considered as the most promising anode material because of ultrahigh specific energy. However, obvious volume change and uncontrollable dendrite growth hinder its commercial application. Herein,...

An SiOx anode strengthened by the self-catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3808-3816
Author(s):  
Hongjin Xue ◽  
Yong Cheng ◽  
Qianqian Gu ◽  
Zhaomin Wang ◽  
Yabin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
The Self ◽  
Catalytic Growth ◽  
Large Volume Change

A close-knit CNTs coating that in-situ grown on the SiOx particles realizes the “soft-combination” between SiOx and CNTs, thus conquering the long-lasting issues of poor conductivity and large volume change of SiOx faced.

Understanding Volume Change in Lithium-Ion Cells during Charging and Discharging Using In Situ Measurements

2007 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. A14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianming Wang ◽  
Yoshitsugu Sone ◽  
Go Segami ◽  
Hitoshi Naito ◽  
Chisa Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells

Volume Change Associated to Carbon Partitioning from Martensite to Austenite

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2290-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Santofimia ◽  
Lie Zhao ◽  
Jilt Sietsma
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Measured Volume

Annealing of martensite/austenite microstructures leads to the partitioning of carbon from martensite to austenite until the chemical potential of carbon equilibrates in both phases. This work calculates the volume change associated with this phenomenon using theoretical models for the carbon partitioning from martensite to austenite. Calculations are compared with experimentally determined volume changes. This comparison reveals that in the case of steels with higher contents of austenite-stabilizing elements, reported volume changes are satisfactory predicted assuming a low mobilily martensite/austenite interface. In the case of a steel with lower additions of austenite-stabilizing elements, experimentally measured expansions are considerably larger than predicted ones. The large measured volume expansions probably reflect the decomposition of the austenite.

scholarly journals Live-Scale Testing of Granular Materials Stabilized with Alkali-Activated Waste Glass and Carbide Lime

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11286
Author(s):  
Marina Paula Secco ◽  
Débora Thaís Mesavilla ◽  
Márcio Felipe Floss ◽  
Nilo Cesar Consoli ◽  
Tiago Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Alkali Activated

The increasingly strong search for alternative materials to Portland cement has resulted in the development of alkali-activated cements (AAC) that are very effective at using industrial by-products as raw materials, which also contributes to the volume reduction in landfilled waste. Several studies targeting the development of AAC—based on wastes containing silicon and calcium—for chemical stabilization of soils have demonstrated their excellent performance in terms of durability and mechanical performance. However, most of these studies are confined to a laboratory characterization, ignoring the influence and viability of the in situ construction process and, also important, of the in situ curing conditions. The present work investigated the field application of an AAC based on carbide lime and glass wastes to stabilize fine sand acting as a superficial foundation. The assessment was supported on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and initial shear modulus (G0) of the developed material, and the field results were compared with those prepared in the laboratory, up to 120 days curing. In situ tests were also developed on the field layers (with diameters of 450 and 900 mm and thickness of 300 mm) after different curing times. To establish a reference, the mentioned precursors were either activated with a sodium hydroxide solution or hydrated with water (given the reactivity of the lime). The results showed that the AAC-based mixtures developed greater strength and stiffness at a faster rate than the water-based mixtures. Specimens cured under controlled laboratory conditions showed better results than the samples collected in the field. The inclusion of the stabilized layers clearly increased the load-bearing capacity of the natural soil, while the different diameters produced different failure mechanisms, similar to those found in Portland cement stabilization.

scholarly journals Thermal Conductive Networks Constructed by Sialon Fibers in-Situ Synthesized in Barium Aluminosilicate Glass-Ceramic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojie Sun ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Junjie Zhou ◽  
Siqi Zhang ◽  
Kongyu Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glass ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Barium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity

Abstract The application of ceramic materials is limited due to the complicated preparation process and intrinsic brittleness. In this work, a pressureless manufacturing route that enables the formation of barium aluminosilicate (BAS) glass-ceramic consisting of internal β-Sialon fibers with enhanced thermal conductivity is developed. By adjusting the carbon source content, composites with different Sialon contents can be easily fabricated. The thermal conductivity of the sample with 3.5 wt.% is improved to 5.845 W/m ∙ K with the Sialon content of 26 wt.% in the composite, which is 112.64 % higher than that of the pure BAS matrix. The theoretical models suggest that the enhanced thermal conductivity is mainly ascribed to the thermal conduction network constructed by Sialon fibers. This work provides a method with industrial application prosperity to fabricate the high temperature ceramic matrix composite of different sizes and complex shapes.

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