The Added Value of Infrared Thermography to Assess the Impact Performance of Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Boccardi ◽  
Natalino D. Boffa ◽  
Giovanni M. Carlomagno ◽  
Carosena Meola ◽  
Fabrizio Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Nondestructive Evaluation ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact

Composite materials are becoming ever more popular in an increasing number of applications. This because of their many advantages, amongst others the possibility to create a new material of given characteristics in a quite simple way by changing either the type of matrix, or reinforcement, and/or rearranging the reinforcement in a different way. Of course, once a new material is created, it is necessary to characterize it to verify its suitability for a specific exploitation. In this context, infrared thermography (IRT) represents a viable means since it is noncontact, nonintrusive, and can be used either for nondestructive evaluation to detect manufacturing defects, or fatigue-induced degradation, or else for monitoring the inline response to applied loads. In this work, IRT is used to investigate different types of composite materials, which involve carbon fibers embedded in a thermoset matrix and either glass or jute fibers embedded in a thermoplastic matrix, which may be neat, or modified by the addition of a percentage of a specific compatibilizing agent. IRT is used with a twofold function. First, for nondestructive evaluation, with the lock-in technique, before and after loading to either assure absence of manufacturing defects, or discover the damage caused by the loads. Second, for visualization of thermal effects, which develop when the material is subjected to impact. The obtained results show that it is possible to follow inline what happens to the material (bending, delamination, and eventual failure) under impact and get information, which may be valuable to deepen the complex impact damaging mechanisms of composites.

scholarly journals Use of Steel Industry Wastes for the Preparation of Self-Cleaning Mortars

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Balbuena ◽  
Luis Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Cruz-Yusta
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Lamination Process ◽  
Self Cleaning

An important problem, which must be solved, is the accumulation of industrial waste in landfills. Science has an obligation to transform this waste into new products and, if possible, with high added value. In this sense, we propose the valorization of the waste which is generated in the steel lamination process (HSL) through its conversion into a new material with photocatalytic activity which is suitable for use as an additive to obtain a self-cleaning construction material. The valorization of steel husk lamination waste is achieved through a grinding process, which allows the sample to be homogenized, in size, without altering its phase composition, and a thermal treatment that turns it into iron oxide, which acts as a photocatalyst. These residues, before and after treatment, were characterized by different techniques such as PXRD (Powder X-Ray Diffraction), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), SBET (Specific surface area, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and Diffuse reflectance (DR). MB and RhB tests show that this material is capable of self-cleaning, both of the material itself and when it is incorporated into a construction material (mortar). In addition, the NOx gas elimination test shows that it is also capable of acting on greenhouse gases such as NOx.

Investigating the effects of COVID-19 to crime rates through a geospatial approach: the case of New York, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Tselka ◽  
Isidora Isis Demertzi ◽  
George P. Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

<p>Covid-19 pandemic has led to severe consequences to humanity worldwide. Yet, to our knowledge, little scientific evidence is available exploring the impact of the pandemic on criminality. Thus, it is imperative to examine their relationships spatially to obtain a better understanding of societal characteristics during the pandemic.</p><p>This study aims at demonstrating the use of geoinformation in analyzing the spatial patterns between crime properties and Covid-19 spread using as a case study New York City, USA, one of the largest metropolitan cities of the world. To address our objectives, geostatistical analysis and data visualization methods have been implemented in real-world crime data acquired from a web-GIS platform. Our analysis concerns two equal time periods before and after the lockdown implementation.</p><p>Results revealed some very interesting patterns spatially between the examined parameters and societal characteristics existing in the study region. The methodological framework presented underlined the added value of geoinformation as a robust and cost-effective approach in examining the impact of the pandemic to the society.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Covid-19, pandemic, crime rates, geoinformation, New York</p>

The Added Value of Infrared Thermography to Impact Damaging Assessment of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites

NDT World ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Карломаньо ◽  
Giovanni Carlomagno ◽  
Монако ◽  
Ernesto Monako ◽  
Боффа ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Impact Event ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Phase Images ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The weakness of composites to impact load is a well known problem. In particular, their impact damaging happens through complex mechanisms which are still not completely understood also because of the multitude of materials that can be created by changing: matrix, reinforcement and/or stacking sequence. It is enough to change the direction of a layer of fibres to have a new composite material. Once a new material is created, it is important to assess its performance under impact, or its impact resistance. The scope of this work is to show how advantageous may be to use infrared thermography to monitor impact tests, which are performed to ascertain the resistance-to-impact of a new composite material. Methods. Infrared thermography (IRT) and phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) are used. IRT is used with a twofold function: • on-line monitoring the impact event to visualize thermal signatures which bear the witness for the existence of any occurred damage; • non-destructive evaluation with lock-in thermography (LT) of the impacted specimens. Results. Some results are reported in terms of: • thermal images taken during impact tests on carbon/epoxy specimens; • phase images taken on the impacted specimens with lock-in thermography; • C-scan images taken with PAUT on the impacted surface of one specimen are compared with phase images obtained with lock-in thermography and also with thermal images taken during the impact. Discussion. Both LT and PAUT are effective in detecting the impact damage; LT is fast and more effective to map large surfaces, conversely PAUT is better to get information along the thickness especially in case of thick parts. Then, an integrated use of both techniques would be advantageous. However, they are characterized by some uncertainty in discriminating very thin delaminations when they are compared with the thermal signatures visualized during monitoring of the impact event, especially in presence of composites with complex stacking sequence. Conclusion. The obtained results show that, if the aim is to assess the performance under impact of composite materials for design purposes, monitoring the impact with an infrared imaging device appears to be the fastest and better solution.

The Impact of an Automated Dispensing System for Supplying Narcotics in a Surgical Unit: The Experience of the National Cancer Institute Foundation of Milan

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Portelli ◽  
Michela Canobbio ◽  
Rossella Bitonti ◽  
Chiara Della Costanza ◽  
Roberto Langella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Staff Time ◽  
Economic Saving ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Average Operating ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surgical Unit ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

Objective: An automated dispensing system for narcotic drugs was introduced in a surgical unit to be compliant with the Italian narcotic drugs regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of this automated dispensing system on the incidence of registry errors and corrections and on staff time and hospital costs. Methods: In 2014, Pyxis MedStation 3500 was introduced in a surgical unit of the National Cancer Institute of Milan, to improve the effectiveness of narcotics dispensing and avoid potential errors. Two different time periods of 8 months were compared, respectively, before and after the introduction of the automated dispensing system. In the pre-Pyxis period, drug movements were recorded through paper registries, while in the post-Pyxis period, electronic reports were automatically created from the system. For each period, the number of load/unload registry entries and corrections, the number of registry errors, the staff time dedicated to dispensing and registry activities, and stock and expired drug quantities were recorded. Results: Load and unload errors were reduced by 100% from the pre-Pyxis period to the post-Pyxis period, while registry corrections were lowered by 95%. Time dedicated from nurses to dispensing registration activities was reduced from 36 to 2 hours/month, while pharmacist time lowered from 9 to 1 hours/month. These time savings correspond to an economic saving of ~€4,120 and ~€3,730, respectively. In the post-Pyxis period, average operating room stock quantities were reduced versus the pre-Pyxis period, with wastage being 100% avoided. The reduction in stock drug quantities could correspond to an economic saving of ~€22,300 over the examined 8-month period, while the impact of drug wastage avoidance is modest (~€650). Conclusion: The overall economic impact of Pyxis use, over the 8-month time horizon in analysis, was around €31,000 saved or possibly converted into resource cost dedicated to other added value activities.

Quality Control of Composite Material Pipes by Infrared Thermography

2012 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrina Mihai ◽  
Florin Ştefănescu ◽  
Gigel Neagu ◽  
C.P. Mihai
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reference Images ◽  
Composite Pipes ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents some aspects concerning the use of infrared thermography (IRT) in the evaluation of composite pipes integrity. Composite pipelines made up of glass fibres reinforced epoxy resins are increasingly used, especially in oil and gas industry, for their good mechanical properties, combined with reduced weight and excellent behaviour under hostile environment conditions. Taking into account that high reliability is required for such pipe networks, it is mandatory to choose reliable non-destructive inspection (NDI) methods to achieve efficient structural health monitoring. The main advantages of the IRT inspection are: non-contact and non-dangerous examination. In order to characterize the integrity of composites pipes, first of all the researches were interested in obtaining a set of reference images and then to examine the samples before and after the impact stress test. The conclusions point out the schemes and the optimal parameters of evaluation as well as the application limits of thermographic inspection

scholarly journals Tannery Shavings and Mineral Additives as a Basis of New Composite Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5(137)) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ławińska ◽  
Remigiusz Modrzewski ◽  
Wioleta Serweta
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mineral Additives ◽  
Properties Of Composites

This paper analyses the possibility of using tannery shavings as a basis for new composite materials with specified properties. The new material was made by combining tannery shavings with an adhesive medium. Mineral additives, such as dolomite, kaolin and bentonite were used in an amount of 5% and 10% of the total mass of shavings as a filler. In order to point out the influence of mineral additives on the final composite structure, some physico–mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elasticity were examined with the use of static tensile tests. The second part of the investigation involved the analysis of wetteability by immersion, because this property depends on several aspects, such as surface roughness and the material structure. Thus, changes in wetteability values can provide information about the impact of mineral additives on the material properties of composites. With regard to physico–mechanical and sorption properties obtained on the basis of experimental results, it was possible to define areas of possible applications of these materials in comparison with current methods.

Comparison of the dose perturbation arising from conventional and the novel PEEK prosthesis materials during high energy radiotherapy with 15 MV photons

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Najmeh Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Hip Prostheses ◽  
Metal Implants ◽  
Depth Dose ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Biomedical Polymer ◽  
Dose Perturbation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric effects of the metal prosthesis in radiotherapy by Siemens Primus 15 MV linac accelerator. In addition, it proposed the new material could lead to less dose perturbation. Materials and methods: The depth dose distributions of typical hip prostheses were calculated for 15 MV photons by MCNP-4C code. Five metal prostheses were selected to reveal the correlation between material type, density and dose perturbations of prostheses. Furthermore, the effects of the location and thickness of the prosthesis on the dose perturbation were also discussed and analysed. Results: The results showed that the Co-Cr-Mo alloy as the prosthesis had more influence on the dose at the interface of metal tissue. The dose increased at the entrance of this prosthesis and experienced the reduction when passed through it. Finally, the impact of the new PEEK biomedical polymer materials was also investigated, and the lowest dose perturbations were introduced based on the obtained results. Conclusion: It was found that the mean relative dose before and after of PEEK prosthesis was 99·2 and 97·1%, respectively. Therefore, this new biomedical polymer material was proposed to replace the current metal implants.

scholarly journals ASPECTS REGARDING VALORIFICATION OF NATURAL FIBROUS MATERIALS FROM TEXTILE AND LEATHER INDUSTRY FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
NATALIA POPA ◽  
DAMIAN TIMOFTE ◽  
GHEORGHE VOICU ◽  
ION DURBACA ◽  
MAGDALENA–LAURA TOMA
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
Recycled Fibres

Technological aspects regarding sustainable development concept and considerations on creating textile products with high added value from recycled fibres as combed and carded yarns, woven fabric waste, hosiery and leather waste. The paper offers some ways to reuse wastes from leather industry and presents some physical characteristics of some composite materials based on PVC mixed with different concentrations of leather wastes, before and after forced ageing.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Infrared Thermography to Impact Testing of Composite Materials†

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Carosena Meola
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

This work wants to give an overview on information gathered at the University of Naples Federico II in the last ten years by monitoring the impact tests of composite materials with infrared thermography. Many tests have been carried out involving several different types of composites and different infrared cameras. The obtained results show that IRT can be advantageously used to both validate previously obtained data and to get new data that can be exploited for understanding more on the impact damaging of composite materials. This bears witness for the advantages of having an infrared imaging device within the testing instrumentation.

scholarly journals Influence of Stress Assessed through Infrared Thermography and Environmental Parameters on the Performance of Fattening Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Jaén-Téllez ◽  
María José Sánchez-Guerrero ◽  
Mercedes Valera ◽  
Pedro González-Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Heat Temperature ◽  
Temperature Humidity Index ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Impact

Rabbits often experience stress when they perceive certain stimuli, such as handling. The physiological response of animals to stress and temperament is associated with feeding efficiency, with those with the least capacity to react to stress showing the highest performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of stress due to heat (temperature-humidity index; THI) or handling, assessed using infrared thermography, on the performance parameters of rabbits of a Spanish Common breed. Thirty-nine rabbits were analyzed during a 38-d fattening period at two times of the year: a cold period and a warm period. The rabbits’ stress due to handling was assessed by the temperature difference taken in the inner ear, before and after being handled. The animals were more productive in the cold season. Temperature-humidity index significantly influenced average daily gain (ADG) and daily feed intake (DFI). Rabbits with higher levels of stress showed higher ADG, DFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) values. The greater the stress due to handling, the less efficient the animals were. FCR increased with higher THI. It was concluded that changes in animal welfare caused by the rabbits’ reactivity to both climatic and individual factors affect animal productivity.

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