Surge Vibration-Induced Nonlinear Behavior Regulation of Power Amplifier for Magnetic Bearing in a 315 kW Centrifugal Compressor

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Shiqiang Zheng ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Can Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Rotating Stall ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
The Stability

The severe vibration induced by surge and rotating stall is an obstacle to the stability of a magnetically suspended centrifugal compressor (MSCC). In order to suppress the severe vibration caused by surge instability, this paper focuses on compressor surge performance improvements enabled by power amplifier control improvements which result in increased dynamic load capacity (DLC) of the systems axial thrust magnetic bearing. A complete discrete-time model of the active magnetic bearing (AMB) power amplifier, composed of three piecewise linear intervals, is developed. A comprehensive view of the dynamic evolution process from stable state to bifurcation for the power amplifier is also analyzed. In order to stabilize the unstable periodic orbits in the power amplifier, a time-delay feedback control (TDFC) method is introduced to enhance the stability of the power amplifier, while the MSCC is subjected to the surge instability. Simulation results show that the stable region of the power amplifier is extended significantly using the TDFC method. Finally, the experimental investigations performed by an MSCC test rig demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution under the conditions of modified surge and mild surge.

A Numerical Study on Effect of Electromagnetic Actuator on Rigid Rotor Supported on Gas Foil Bearing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Kumar Basumatary ◽  
Gaurav Kumar ◽  
Karuna Kalita ◽  
Sashindra Kumar Kakoty
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuator ◽  
Rigid Rotor ◽  
Magnetic Actuator ◽  
The Stability

Generally, Gas Foil Bearings (GFBs) are used in high speed machineries which are quite prone to instability or wear and tear. The current trend is to develop hybrid bearings which has conventional bearing (GFB) along with active magnetic bearing as an electromagnetic actuator (EMA). The GFBs are used for normal operation and the magnetic actuator can be used for the improvement of the stability and the load capacity of the bearing. In the present work a numerical study has been carried out to study the effects of magnetic actuator on the stability of bump type GFB supported rigid rotor. A rigid rotor supported on two identical GFBs with and without EMA has been investigated. The electromagnetic forces are incorporated in the equation of motion to provide the active control. A PD controller has been used as a controller for the magnetic actuator. It has been observed that the incorporation of EMA to the GFB reduces the sub synchronous vibrations and hence increases the stability.

Roles of vanes in diffuser on stability of centrifugal compressor

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (14) ◽  
pp. 5380-5392
Author(s):  
Wangzhi Zou ◽  
Xiao He ◽  
Wenchao Zhang ◽  
Zitian Niu ◽  
Xinqian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Rotating Stall ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Compression System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rotating Instability

The stability considerations of centrifugal compressors become increasingly severe with the high pressure ratios, especially in aero-engines. Diffuser is the major subcomponent of centrifugal compressor, and its performance greatly influences the stability of compressor. This paper experimentally investigates the roles of vanes in diffuser on component instability and compression system instability. High pressure ratio centrifugal compressors with and without vanes in diffuser are tested and analyzed. Rig tests are carried out to obtain the compressor performance map. Dynamic pressure measurements and relevant Fourier analysis are performed to identify complex instability phenomena in the time domain and frequency domain, including rotating instability, stall, and surge. For component instability, vanes in diffuser are capable of suppressing the emergence of rotating stall in the diffuser at full speeds, but barely affect the characteristics of rotating instability in the impeller at low and middle speeds. For compression system instability, it is shown that the use of vanes in diffuser can effectively postpone the occurrence of compression system surge at full speeds. According to the experimental results and the one-dimensional flow theory, vanes in diffuser turn the diffuser pressure rise slope more negative and thus improve the stability of compressor stage, which means lower surge mass flow rate.

An Evaluation of Stability Indices Using Sensitivity Functions for Active Magnetic Bearing Supported High-Speed Rotor

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiko Takahashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujiwara ◽  
Osami Matsushita ◽  
Makoto Ito ◽  
Yasuo Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Sensitivity Functions ◽  
Phase Lags ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Indices

In active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems, stability is the most important factor for reliable operation. Rotor positions in radial direction are regulated by four-axis control in AMB, i.e., a radial system is to be treated as a multi-input multioutput (MIMO) system. One of the general indices representing the stability of a MIMO system is “maximum singular value” of a sensitivity function matrix, which needs full matrix elements for calculation. On the other hand, ISO 14839-3 employs “maximum gain” of the diagonal elements. In this concept, each control axis is considered as an independent single-input single-output (SISO) system and thus the stability indices can be determined with just four sensitivity functions. This paper discusses the stability indices using sensitivity functions as SISO systems with parallel/conical mode treatment and/or side-by-side treatment, and as a MIMO system with using maximum singular value; the paper also highlights the differences among these approaches. In addition, a conversion from usual x∕y axis form to forward/backward form is proposed, and the stability is evaluated in its converted form. For experimental demonstration, a test rig diverted from a high-speed compressor was used. The transfer functions were measured by exciting the control circuits with swept signals at rotor standstill and at its 30,000 revolutions/min rotational speed. For stability limit evaluation, the control loop gains were increased in one case, and in another case phase lags were inserted in the controller to lead the system close to unstable intentionally. In this experiment, the side-by-side assessment, which conforms to the ISO standard, indicates the least sensitive results, but the difference from the other assessments are not so great as to lead to inadequate evaluations. Converting the transfer functions to the forward/backward form decouples the mixed peaks due to gyroscopic effect in bode plot at rotation and gives much closer assessment to maximum singular value assessment. If large phase lags are inserted into the controller, the second bending mode is destabilized, but the sensitivity functions do not catch this instability. The ISO standard can be used practically in determining the stability of the AMB system, nevertheless it must be borne in mind that the sensitivity functions do not always highlight the instability in bending modes.

scholarly journals Development and Experimental Validation of Auxiliary Rolling Bearing Models for Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Tangredi ◽  
Enrico Meli ◽  
Andrea Rindi ◽  
Alessandro Ridolfi ◽  
Pierluca D’Adamio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Critical Phenomenon ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Auxiliary Bearing ◽  
Bearing System

Nowadays, the search for increasing performances in turbomachinery applications has led to a growing utilization of active magnetic bearings (AMBs), which can bring a series of advantages thanks to their features: AMBs allow the machine components to reach higher peripheral speeds; in fact there are no wear and lubrication problems as the contact between bearing surfaces is absent. Furthermore, AMBs characteristic parameters can be controlled via software, optimizing machine dynamics performances. However, active magnetic bearings present some peculiarities, as they have lower load capacity than the most commonly used rolling and hydrodynamic bearings, and they need an energy source; for these reasons, in case of AMBs overload or breakdown, an auxiliary bearing system is required to support the rotor during such landing events. During the turbomachine design process, it is fundamental to appropriately choose the auxiliary bearing type and characteristics, because such components have to resist to the rotor impact; so, a supporting design tool based on accurate and efficient models of auxiliary bearings is very useful for the design integration of the Active Magnetic Bearing System into the machine. This paper presents an innovative model to accurately describe the mechanical behavior of a complete rotor-dynamic system composed of a rotor equipped with two auxiliary rolling bearings. The model, developed and experimentally validated in collaboration with Baker Hughes a GE company (providing the test case and the experimental data), is able to reproduce the key physical phenomena experimentally observed; in particular, the most critical phenomenon noted during repeated experimental combined landing tests is the rotor forward whirl, which occurs in case of high friction conditions and greatly influences the whole system behavior. In order to carefully study some special phenomena like rotor coast down on landing bearings (which requires long period of time to evolve and involves many bodies and degrees of freedom) or other particular events like impacts (which occur in a short period of time), a compromise between accuracy of the results and numerical efficiency has been pursued. Some of the elements of the proposed model have been previously introduced in literature; however the present work proposes some new features of interest. For example, the lateral and the axial models have been properly coupled in order to correctly reproduce the effects observed during the experimental tests and a very important system element, the landing bearing compliant suspension, has been properly modelled to more accurately describe its elastic and damping effects on the system. Furthermore, the model is also useful to characterize the frequencies related to the rotor forward whirl motion.

The Application of Reconfigurable Logic to Active Magnetic Bearing Controller

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Reconfigurable Logic ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Pid Algorithm ◽  
Point Representation

The article presents the main problems of implementing the PID control law in the reconfigurable logic, namely FPGA integrated circuit. The consecutive steps of discretizing and choosing the fixed-point representation of the continuous, floating-point PID algorithm are described. The FPGA controller is going to be used in the active hetero-polar magnetic bearings system consisting of two radial and one axial bearings. The results of the experimental investigations of the controller are presented. The dynamic performance of the controller is better when compared with the dSPACE controller, that was used so far. The designed hardware and software, the developed implementation procedure and the experience acquired during this stage of the whole project are going to be used during the implementation of more sophisticated control laws (e.g. H∞ robust) in the FPGA for AMB controllers.

Robust Active Chatter Control in Milling Processes With Variable Pitch Cutters

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Huang ◽  
Lijun Zhu ◽  
Shengli Du ◽  
Zhiyong Chen ◽  
Han Ding
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Linear Matrix ◽  
Variable Pitch ◽  
Stability Lobe ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Controller Gain ◽  
Chatter Control ◽  
The Stability

Milling chatters caused by the regenerative effect is one of the major limitations in increasing the machining efficiency and accuracy of milling operations. This paper studies robust active chatter control for milling processes with variable pitch cutters whose dynamics are governed by multidelay nonlinear differential equations. We propose a state feedback controller based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach that can enlarge multiple stability domains in the stability lobe diagram (SLD) while the controller gain is minimized. Numerical simulations of active magnetic bearing systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Nonlinear Oscillation of a Rotor-AMB System With Time Varying Stiffness and Multi-External Excitations

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kamel ◽  
H. S. Bauomy
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Steady State Solution ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Amb System

The rotor-active magnetic bearing system subjected to a periodically time-varying stiffness having quadratic and cubic nonlinearities is studied and solved. The multiple time scale technique is applied to solve the nonlinear differential equations governing the system up to the second order approximation. All possible resonance cases are deduced at this approximation and some of them are confirmed by applying the Rung–Kutta method. The main attention is focused on the stability of the steady-state solution near the simultaneous principal resonance and the effects of different parameters on the steady-state response. A comparison is made with the available published work.

Harmonic disturbance attenuation in a three-pole active magnetic bearing test rig using a modified notch filter

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mahdi Darbandi ◽  
Mehdi Behzad ◽  
Hassan Salarieh ◽  
Hamid Mehdigholi
Keyword(s):  
Notch Filter ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Stability Margins ◽  
Periodic Disturbances ◽  
Mass Unbalance ◽  
Gain Margin ◽  
The Stability

This study is concerned with the problem of harmonic disturbance rejection in active magnetic bearing systems. A modified notch filter is presented to identify both constant and harmonic disturbances caused by sensor runout and mass unbalance. The proposed method can attenuate harmonic displacement and currents at the synchronous frequency and its integer multiples. The reduction of stability is a common problem in adaptive techniques because they alter the original closed-loop system. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it is possible to determine the stability margins of the system by few parameters. The negative phase shift of the modified notch filter can be tuned to achieve a desired phase margin, while the gain margin can also be adjusted separately. It is shown that the modified notch filter can be designed to suppress multiple harmonics at the same time. It is implemented on a three-pole magnetic bearing test rig to evaluate its performance. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the presented method can be successfully applied to compensate the periodic disturbances such as sensor runout and mass unbalance in active magnetic bearing systems.

Inducer Stall in a Centrifugal Compressor With Inlet Distortion

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ariga ◽  
S. Masuda ◽  
A. Ookita
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Rotating Stall ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Inlet Distortion ◽  
Rate Region ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

The effects of inlet distortion on the inducer stall in a centrifugal compressor are investigated. Cases of both radial and circumferential distortion are investigated. It is shown that the rotating stall onset is amplified by radial distortions, and restrained by circumferential distortions. These results are compared with calculations based on the small disturbance theory. The authors find that the stall onset is governed by the characteristic parameters related to the lower flow rate region for radial distortions, but affected by those of the higher flow rate region for circumferential distortion. It is shown that the process of stall is different for each distortion pattern. Existence of inlet distortion reduces compressor performance characteristics and strongly influences the stability margin.

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