Computational Parametric Analysis of the Mechanical Response of Structurally Varying Pacinian Corpuscles

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C. Quindlen ◽  
Burak Güçlü ◽  
Eric A. Schepis ◽  
Victor H. Barocas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Lamellar Thickness ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The Pacinian corpuscle (PC) is a cutaneous mechanoreceptor that senses low-amplitude, high-frequency vibrations. The PC contains a nerve fiber surrounded by alternating layers of solid lamellae and interlamellar fluid, and this structure is hypothesized to contribute to the PC's role as a band-pass filter for vibrations. In this study, we sought to evaluate the relationship between the PC's material and geometric parameters and its response to vibration. We used a spherical finite element mechanical model based on shell theory and lubrication theory to model the PC's outer core. Specifically, we analyzed the effect of the following structural properties on the PC's frequency sensitivity: lamellar modulus (E), lamellar thickness (h), fluid viscosity (μ), PC outer radius (Ro), and number of lamellae (N). The frequency of peak strain amplification (henceforth “peak frequency”) and frequency range over which strain amplification occurred (henceforth “bandwidth”) increased with lamellar modulus or lamellar thickness and decreased with an increase in fluid viscosity or radius. All five structural parameters were combined into expressions for the relationship between the parameters and peak frequency, ωpeak=1.605×10−6N3.475(Eh/μRo), or bandwidth, B=1.747×10−6N3.951(Eh/μRo). Although further work is needed to understand how mechanical variability contributes to functional variability in PCs and how factors such as PC eccentricity also affect PC behavior, this study provides two simple expressions that can be used to predict the impact of structural or material changes with aging or disease on the frequency response of the PC.

Characterization of Structure of Thermally Sprayed Coating

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Li ◽  
Y. He ◽  
A. Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Lamellar Thickness ◽  
Pore Networks ◽  
Bonding Ratio ◽  
Sprayed Coating ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Thermally Sprayed ◽  
Sprayed Coatings

Abstract The structure of a thermally sprayed coating is generally of lamellar structure. There is generally porosity in the coating. The examination shows that the relationship between properties and porosity for conventionally processed porous materials is difficult to be applied to thermally sprayed coating because of complex pore networks. The lamellar structure of the coating and the bonding at the interfaces between lamellae often determine the properties of coating. It is generally difficult to evaluate quantitatively the structure of a thermally sprayed coating because of complicated pore networks in the coating. With the filling of the material different from the composition of the coating into the pores the structure of the coating including nonbonded interface area and also generally referred pores can be visualized. According to the distribution of filler in the coating the structure of a coating can be quantitatively evaluated using structural parameters such as lamellar thickness, lamellar bonding ratio, the width of interface gap and so on. The structural parameters necessary to describe the lamellar structure of thermal sprayed coatings and a method based on the pore filling and analysis of the distribution of filled materials are proposed.

scholarly journals A Spectrum Detection Approach for Bearing Fault Signal Based on Spectral Kurtosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Li ◽  
Liqin Wang ◽  
Jian Guan
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Spectrum ◽  
Rolling Element Bearing ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Bearing Fault ◽  
Spectral Kurtosis ◽  
Spectrum Detection ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
The Impact

According to the similarity between Morlet wavelet and fault signal and the sensitive characteristics of spectral kurtosis for the impact signal, a new wavelet spectrum detection approach based on spectral kurtosis for bearing fault signal is proposed. This method decreased the band-pass filter range and reduced the wavelet window width significantly. As a consequence, the bearing fault signal was detected adaptively, and time-frequency characteristics of the fault signal can be extracted accurately. The validity of this method was verified by the identifications of simulated shock signal and test bearing fault signal. The method provides a new understanding of wavelet spectrum detection based on spectral kurtosis for rolling element bearing fault signal.

scholarly journals Optimisation of the relationship between structural parameters of the processing industry as a way to increase its efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Luybomyr Sozanskyy ◽  
Ryszard Pukała
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Output Structure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIndustry, which on average accounts for about 60% of commodity exports in the EU-28, with over 58% resulting from the processing industry, plays a key role in ensuring the competitiveness of EU countries. The article aims to simulate the influence of structural processing industry parameters on the industry's efficiency. Correlation methods and the regression analysis were used to substantiate the hypotheses regarding the effect that the share comprised of high-tech and medium-high-tech industries has on the output structure, and the impact made by the share of imports in the intermediate consumption of those industries on the efficiency (the share of gross value added (GVA) in output) of the processing industry. Based on the criteria indicating the increased technological level and reduced import dependence, economic and mathematical models of optimisation were created for the output structure and intermediate consumption of the processing industry, which were then solved using the linear programming method. The authors present the mathematical proof of the relationship between the change in structural parameters (shares of high-tech and medium-tech industries and the share of imports in the structure of their intermediate consumption) of the processing industry and the ratio of the gross value added/output. The results of the simulation, which were based on data from the European Statistical Office and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, provide an analytical basis for selecting industrial policy benchmarks.

scholarly journals Simulation of the influence of structural parameters of the processing industry on its efficiency (on the example of the EU countries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (93) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
◽  
Luybomyr Sozanskyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The industry – and primarily its processing sector – was and remains the leading economic activity, which can be evidenced by intensified reshoring processes in developed EU countries. However, the competitiveness or the enduring ability to withstand competition due to the availability of appropriate potential, can be realized only if a high level of efficiency is achieved. This largely depends on the existing structural parameters, by which authors of this study understand the relationship between the shares of different types of industry (based on the level of processability – high-tech, medium-high-tech, moderately-low-tech and low-tech) in output of the processing industry. The article aims to simulate the influence of the processing industry structure (in terms of the levels of its processability and import dependence of the productions) on the industry’s efficiency. Using the correlation and regression analysis on the example of individual EU countries (Germany, Poland, Czech Republic), the authors’ hypotheses about the impact of the share of high-tech and medium-high-tech industries, as well as the share of imports in the intermediate consumption of these industries, on the efficiency (the share of gross value added in output) of the processing industry were substantiated. Based on the criteria indicating the increased technological level and reduced import dependence, economic and mathematical models of optimization of the output structure and intermediate consumption of the processing industry have been created, which were then solved by applying the linear programming method. The authors present mathematical proofs of the relationship between the change in structural parameters (the share of high-tech and medium-tech industries and the share of imports in the structure of their intermediate consumption) of the processing industry and the ratio of gross value added/output. Proven scientific hypotheses, as well as the obtained results of simulation, create a theoretical and methodological basis for the selection of criteria for structural transformation of the industrial sector of the Ukrainian economy.

scholarly journals Structural changes in the sacroiliac joint on MRI and relationship to ASDAS inactive disease in axial spondyloarthritis: a 2-year study comparing treatment with etanercept in EMBARK to a contemporary control cohort in DESIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter P. Maksymowych ◽  
Pascal Claudepierre ◽  
Manouk de Hooge ◽  
Robert G. Lambert ◽  
Robert Landewé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor ◽  
Inactive Disease ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Structural Lesion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Limited information is available on the impact of treatment with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) on structural lesions in patients with recent-onset axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). We compared 2-year structural lesion changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) of patients with recent-onset axSpA receiving etanercept in a clinical trial (EMBARK) to similar patients not receiving biologics in a cohort study (DESIR). We also evaluated the relationship between the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and change in MRI structural parameters. Methods The difference between etanercept (EMBARK) and control (DESIR) in the net percentage of patients with structural lesion change was determined using the SpondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada SIJ Structural Score, with and without adjustment for baseline covariates. The relationship between sustained ASDAS inactive disease, defined as the presence of ASDAS < 1.3 for at least 2 consecutive time points 6 months apart, and structural lesion change was evaluated. Results This study included 163 patients from the EMBARK trial and 76 from DESIR. The net percentage of patients with erosion decrease was significantly greater for etanercept vs control: unadjusted: 23.9% vs 5.3%; P = 0.01, adjusted: 23.1% vs 2.9%; P = 0.01. For the patients attaining sustained ASDAS inactive disease on etanercept, erosion decrease was evident in significantly more than erosion increase: 34/104 (32.7%) vs 5/104 (4.8%); P < 0.001. A higher proportion had erosion decrease and backfill increase than patients in other ASDAS status categories. However, the trend across ASDAS categories was not significant and decrease in erosion was observed even in patients without a sustained ASDAS response. Conclusions These data show that a greater proportion of patients achieved regression of erosion with versus without etanercept. However, the link between achieving sustained ASDAS inactive disease and structural lesion change on MRI could not be clearly established. Trial registration EMBARK: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01258738, Registered 13 December 2010; DESIR: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01648907, Registered 24 July 2012.

scholarly journals Fault Diagnosis of Oil Pumping Machine Retarder Based on Sound Texture-Vibration Entropy Characteristics and Gray Wolf Optimization-Support Vector Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shutao Zhao ◽  
Ke Chang ◽  
Erxu Wang ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Kedeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Box Dimension ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
The Impact

In order to diagnose the retarder faults of oil pumping machine accurately in complex environments and improve the generalization of the algorithm, a GWO-SVM fault diagnosis algorithm based on the combination of sound texture and vibration entropy characteristics was proposed. Firstly, the acquired sound signal was purified by band-pass filter, then generalized S-transform was developed to extract the box dimension, directivity, and contrast ratio, which reflect the characteristics of time-frequency spectrum, to construct three-dimensional texture eigenvectors. Secondly, the K parameter of variational mode decomposition (VMD) was reasonably selected by the energy method, and then the vibration signal was decomposed to get modal components, and the permutation entropy was obtained from modal components. Finally, joint eigenvectors were constructed and fed into SVM for learning. The gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the SVM model based on mixed kernel function, which reduces the impact of sensor frequency response, environmental noise, and load fluctuation disturbance on the accuracy of retarder fault diagnosis. The results showed that the GWO-SVM fault diagnosis method, which is based on the combination of sound texture and vibration entropy characteristics, makes full use of the complementary advantages of signal frequency band. And the overall diagnostic accuracy for the experimental samples reaches 100%, which has good generalization ability.

A Novel Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on LMD and Wavelet Packet Energy Entropy

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Huimin Zhao ◽  
Wu Deng ◽  
Yannan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Rolling Element Bearings ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Bearing Faults ◽  
Rolling Element ◽  
Diagnosis Method

AbstractRolling element bearings faults may lead to fatal breakdown of machines. Therefore, it is significant to be study bearings diagnosis, and the vibration-based methods have received intensive study because vibration signals collected from bearings carry rich information on machine health conditions, and it is possible to obtain vitalcharacteristic information from the vibration signals through using signal processing techniques. This paper proposes a novel vibration-based diagnosis method about bearing faults, first, a new pattern recognition method is proposed to diagnose bearing faults through using the interval value of the spectral peak frequency in the frequency domain; second, vibration signals of different parts faults of the bearings will be processed by different algorithm for precisely extracting the fault characteristics; and third, in order to extract transient characteristics from a noisy signal, the filter need to be developed and to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), band pass filter is designed based on the PSD of vibration signals in this paper. The vibration signals collected from rolling element bearings are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, andthe results verify the effectiveness of the method in extracting fault characteristics and diagnosing faults of rolling element bearings.

scholarly journals Beyond Poiseuille: Preservation Fluid Flow in an Experimental Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Lucy V. Randle ◽  
Paul T. Callaghan ◽  
Christopher J. E. Watson ◽  
Chris J. Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Pressure Tubing ◽  
Flow Rate Increase ◽  
Poiseuille’S Equation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Poiseuille’s equation describes the relationship between fluid viscosity, pressure, tubing diameter, and flow, yet it is not known if cold organ perfusion systems follow this equation. We investigated these relationships in anex vivomodel and aimed to offer some rationale for equipment selection. Increasing the cannula size from 14 to 20 Fr increased flow rate by a mean (SD) of 13 (12)%. Marshall’s hyperosmolar citrate was three times less viscous than UW solution, but flows were only 45% faster. Doubling the bag pressure led to a mean (SD) flow rate increase of only 19 (13)%, not twice the rate. When external pressure devices were used, 100 mmHg of continuous pressure increased flow by a mean (SD) of 43 (17)% when compared to the same pressure applied initially only. Poiseuille’s equation was not followed; this is most likely due to “slipping” of preservation fluid within the plastic tubing. Cannula size made little difference over the ranges examined; flows are primarily determined by bag pressure and fluid viscosity. External infusor devices require continuous pressurisation to deliver high flow. Future studies examining the impact of perfusion variables on graft outcomes should include detailed equipment descriptions.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

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