Magnetic-Field-Assisted Projection Stereolithography for Three-Dimensional Printing of Smart Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Yayue Pan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Smart Polymer ◽  
Liquid Polymer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Projection Stereolithography

In this paper, an additive manufacturing (AM) process, magnetic field-assisted projection stereolithography (M-PSL), is developed for 3D printing of three-dimensional (3D) smart polymer composites. The 3D-printed magnetic field-responsive smart polymer composite creates a wide range of motions, opening up possibilities for various new applications, like sensing and actuation in soft robotics, biomedical devices, and autonomous systems. In the proposed M-PSL process, a certain amount of nano- or microsized ferromagnetic particles is deposited in liquid polymer by using a programmable microdeposition nozzle. An external magnetic field is applied to direct the magnetic particles to the desired position and to form the desired orientation and patterns. After that, a digital mask image is used to cure particles in photopolymer with desired distribution patterns. The magnetic-field-assisted projection stereolithography (M-PSL) manufacturing process planning, testbed, and materials are discussed. Three test cases, an impeller, a two-wheel roller, and a flexible film, were performed to verify and validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed process. They were successfully fabricated and remote controls of the printed samples were demonstrated, showing the capability of printed smart polymer composites on performing desired functions.

Additive Manufacturing of Magnetic Field-Responsive Smart Polymer Composites

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yayue Pan ◽  
Lu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Smart Polymer ◽  
Manufacturing Process Planning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Projection Stereolithography

In this paper, an additive manufacturing process, named Magnetic Field-assisted Projection Stereolithography (M-PSL), is presented for applications such as fabricating magnetic field-responsive smart polymer composites. The 3D printed magnetic field-responsive smart polymer composite creates a wide range of motions, opening up possibilities for various new applications, like sensing and actuation in soft robotics, biomedical devices, and autonomous systems. In M-PSL process, a certain amount of nano- or micro-scale ferromagnetic particles is deposited into resin vat with a programmable microdeposition nozzle. Then a magnetic field is applied to direct the magnetic particles to the desired area. After that, digital mask images are used to cure particles in photopolymer with certain patterns. Important issues like magnetic particle movements, curing mechanisms, and manufacturing process planning are discussed. Two test cases, an impeller and a two-wheel roller, have been successfully fabricated for remote control under external magnetic field, showing the capability of printed smart polymer composites on performing desired functions.

Correlation Between Microscale Magnetic Particle Distribution and Magnetic-Field-Responsive Performance of Three-Dimensional Printed Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Lu ◽  
Erina Baynojir Joyee ◽  
Yayue Pan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Magnetic Particle ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Material Distribution

To date, several additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been developed for fabricating smart particle–polymer composites. Those techniques can control particle distributions to achieve gradient or heterogeneous properties and functions. Such manufacturing capability opened up new applications in many fields. However, it is still widely unknown how to design the localized material distribution to achieve desired product properties and functionalities. The correlation between microscale material distribution and macroscopic composite performance needs to be established. In our previous work, a novel magnetic field-assisted stereolithography (M-PSL) process was developed, for fabricating magnetic particle–polymer composites. In this work, we focused on the study of magnetic-field-responsive particle–polymer composite design with the aim of developing guidelines for predicting the magnetic-field-responsive properties of the composite. Microscale particle distribution parameters, including particle loading fraction, magnetic particle chain structure, microstructure orientation, and particle distribution patterns, were investigated. Their influences on the properties of particle–polymer liquid suspensions and properties of the three-dimensional (3D) printed composites were characterized. By utilizing the magnetic anisotropy properties of the printed composites, motions of the printed parts could be actuated at different positions in the applied magnetic field. Physical models were established to predict magnetic properties of the composite and trigger distance of fabricated parts. The predicted results agreed well with the experimental measurements, indicating the effectiveness of predicting macroscopic composite performance using microscale distribution data, and the feasibility of using the developed physical models to guide multimaterial and multifunctional composite design.

Investigation of Magnetorheological Suspensions by Optical Methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
L.V. Nikitin ◽  
D.N. Kudryavcev ◽  
I.V. Shashkov ◽  
A.P. Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Uniform Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Magnetic Clusters ◽  
Liquid Polymer ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Magnetorheological Suspensions

In this work we studied magnetorheological suspensions, which are produced by dispersion of magnetic particles in liquid polymer matrix, based on natural and synthetic rubber. Such suspensions are the raw materials for creation of new high-elastic magneto-controlled composite materials (magnitoelastics[1-4]). Processes of aggregation and structurization of magnetic particles in suspension are also examined. We discovered that motion of magnetic clusters in oligomer solution has interrupted character. Such behavior can be explained by interaction of magnetic clusters moving in not uniform magnetic field with polymer net fragments. Evaluation of polymer net’s elastic properties was calculated.

Visualizing Rheological Mechanism of Magnetorheological Fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurui Shen ◽  
Dezheng Hua ◽  
Xinhua Liu ◽  
Weihua Li ◽  
Grzegorz Krolczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluids ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Observation Method

Abstract In order to study the rheological properties of aqueous magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) from microscopic point of view, an experimental observation method based on the fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope is proposed to clearly produce the chain shape of the magnetic particles. Firstly, the mathematical model of the magnetic particles is established in a magnetic field using the magnetic dipole theory, and the MRFs with different fraction volumes and different magnetic fields are investigated. Furthermore, an aqueous MRFs experiment is prepared, in which the magnetic particles are combined with Alexa 488 fluorescent probe. On this basis, an observation method is innovatively developed using two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) image analysis by the fluorescence confocal microscope. The rheological mechanism of the aqueous MRFs is investigated using four different types of MRFs in an external magnetic field. The analysis results demonstrate that the simulation and experimental rheological properties of the MRFs are consistent with the magnetic dipole theory. Moreover, the proposed method is able to real-time observe the rheological process of the MRFs with a very high resolution, which ensures the correctness of the analysis results of the rheological mechanism.

Optimal control and design of magnetic field-responsive smart polymer composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ortigosa ◽  
J. Martínez-Frutos ◽  
C. Mora-Corral ◽  
P. Pedregal ◽  
F. Periago
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optimal Control ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Smart Polymer

scholarly journals Effect of Magnetic Field and Aggregation on Electrical Characteristics of Magnetically Responsive Suspensions for Novel Hybrid Liquid Capacitor

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Particle Aggregation ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Wide Range

Magnetically responsive fluid based on polymers of natural rubber (NR-latex) involves a magnetic compound fluid (MCF) rubber liquid. For a wide range of engineering applications of suspensions or liquids with particles, their electrical characteristics of fluidic suspensions are investigated to obtain useful results that might be important in the study of devices, such as fluidic sensors and capacitors. The author of the present paper proposes that MCF rubber liquid can be produced by combining MCF and rubber latex. The influence of the aggregation of magnetic particles and rubber molecules on electrical characteristics under a magnetic field was investigated by measuring electrical properties under an applied voltage. The electrical characteristics change with a linear or a nonlinear response, based on conditions of particle aggregation. The capacity of the electric charge also changes with the conditions of particle aggregation. These results show that MCF rubber liquid is a novel hybrid capacitor.

Hydrogen atoms in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field: a variational approach

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1545-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Brandi ◽  
Belita Koiller
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Homogeneous Magnetic Field ◽  
Basis Functions ◽  
Variational Parameter ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Free Hydrogen

We propose a variational scheme to obtain the spectrum of the hydrogen atom in the presence of an external homogeneous magnetic field. We use two different sets of basis functions to diagonalize the Hamiltonian describing the system, namely, the eigenfunctions of the free hydrogen atom and of the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator, both having their radial coordinates properly scaled by a variational parameter. Because of its characteristics, the present approach is suited to describe the ground state as well as an infinite number of excited states for a wide range of magnetic field strengths.

Research of influence of working area geometric dimensions on spatial distribution of magnetic field inside the matrix of a polygradient separator.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
І.О. ШВЕДЧИКОВА ◽  
◽  
Ю.А. РОМАНЧЕНКО ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Structural Variants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Electromagnetic Separator

The possibility of application of the Infolytica software package to solve the main tasks of work is substantiated. The computer 3D-model of electromagnetic separator was verified by solving of test problem. Comparison of results of magnetic induction research for characteristic points obtained during 3D modeling of electromagnetic separator with data obtained during experimental research showed a fairly high consistency. An analysis of geometric dimensions influence on distribution of magnetic field in a polygradient matrix was carried out for a random sampling containing three structural variants of an electromagnetic separator, the working air gap of which varies over a wide range. It is shown that determination of magnetic flux distribution for other structural variants of matrix that located inside sampling can be carried out by interpolation. For selected variants, three-dimensional computer models of electromagnetic separator are developed, their geometric characteristics and physical properties are described. A numerical-field analysis of magnetic field spatial distribution in working air gap of polygradient matrix of electromagnetic separator was carried out using Magnet module of Infolytica software package. For three three-dimensional models of electromagnetic system of separator, numerical values of magnetic induction and magnetic flux in working air gap of polygradient matrix in center of characteristic area are obtained. The obtained results for three models are compared and variant with rational parameters of working area of separator matrix is selected

scholarly journals 3-D Finite Element Investigation of Flux Regulation Performance of a Novel Hybrid Excitation Brushless Claw-Pole Alternator

2012 ◽  
Vol 614-615 ◽  
pp. 1226-1229
Author(s):  
Dong Wei Qiao ◽  
Xiu He Wang ◽  
Chang Qing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hybrid Excitation ◽  
Field Control ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Control Principle

In consideration of low power density of electric excitation claw-pole alternator (EECA) and some difficulties in magnetic field regulation of permanent magnet claw-pole alternator (PMCA), a novel hybrid excitation brushless claw-pole alternator (HEBCA) is proposed in this paper. Its structure and field control principle are described. Three dimensional finite element analysis is used to obtain the no-load magnetic field distributions and field control capability under different field currents. The result shows that the flux of the prototype machine can be adjusted over a wide range with a relatively low field current

scholarly journals Динамические перестройки трехмерной топологической структуры движущейся доменной границы в магнитной пленке при наличии случайных возмущений

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2070
Author(s):  
В.В. Зверев ◽  
Е.Ж. Байкенов ◽  
И.М. Изможеров
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Spatially Inhomogeneous ◽  
Plane Anisotropy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Micromagnetic Modeling ◽  
Magnetization Field ◽  
Topological Charges

Dynamic processes in a domain wall (DW) moving under a constant magnetic field in a soft-magnetic uniaxial film with in-plane anisotropy were studied using three-dimensional micromagnetic modeling. It was shown that the nature of the dynamics of topological transformations occurring in the DW can vary significantly due to disturbing factors depending randomly on coordinates or on time (spatially inhomogeneous anisotropy; magnetic field fluctuating in time). At the same time, typical configurations of the magnetization field in the vicinity of intrafilm vortex cores and singular (Bloch) points retain their appearance. The dependences of the energies and displacements of the DWs on time are found for a wide range of film thicknesses, temperatures, and magnetic fields. When analyzing the magnetization configurations, visualization methods based on the calculation of two types of topological charges were used.

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