Application of the Particle Finite Element Method in Machining Simulation Discussion of the Alpha-Shape Method in the Context of Strength of Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Sabel ◽  
Christian Sator ◽  
Tarek I. Zohdi ◽  
Ralf Müller
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boundary Segment ◽  
Physical Information ◽  
Continuous Body ◽  
Maximum Stretch ◽  
The Right ◽  
Single Boundary

In particle finite element simulations, a continuous body is represented by a set of particles that carry all physical information of the body, such as the deformation. In order to form this body, the boundary of the particle set needs to be determined. This is accomplished by the α-shape method, where the crucial parameter α controls the level of detail of the detected shape. However, in solid mechanics, it can be observed that α has an influence on the structural integrity as well. In this paper, we study a single boundary segment of a body during a deformation and it is shown that α can be interpreted as the maximum stretch of this segment. On the continuum level, a relation between α and the eigenvalues of the right Cauchy–Green tensor is presented.

Repair of Acute Ascending Aorta-Arch Dissection with Continuous Body Perfusion: A Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Novitzky ◽  
Edward G. Izzo ◽  
Mark J. Alkire ◽  
John C. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Organ Failure ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Continuous Body ◽  
Aortic Anastomosis ◽  
Femoral Line ◽  
The Right

An approach for the replacement of the distal ascending aorta-proximal arch and acute dissection is described. During the operation, the patient's entire body was continuously perfused, the aortic arch was excluded from the arterial circulation, and the aorta was not clamped at any time. To achieve continuous body perfusion, we independently cannulated the right axillary and the left femoral arteries. The right atrium was cannulated for systemic venous return, and the right radial artery was used for arterial blood pressure monitoring. The myocardium was protected with retrograde cardioplegia, and the body was protected with moderate hypothermia. Vascular clamps were placed to the proximal innominate, left carotid, and left subclavian arteries without discontinuing perfusion of the right axillary artery. A temporary clamp was applied to the femoral line, the aorta was transected, and a large Foley catheter was inserted through the true aortic lumen. The Foley bulb was positioned in the proximal descending thoracic aorta and distended with saline until the aortic blood return ceased. The femoral line clamp was removed from the cannula, and the entire body was perfused during the completion of the distal aortic anastomosis. At the completion of the anastomosis, the Foley bulb was slightly deflated. Once the inserted graft was filled with blood, a large vascular clamp was applied to the graft, and the previously placed clamps were removed from the arch branches. The femoral line was removed, and the body was perfused and rewarmed via the axillary cannulation. Following completion of the proximal graft-aortic anastomosis, the heart was reperfused, and all cannulas were removed in the usual fashion. Rapid recovery characterized the patient's initial postoperative course; however, multiple organ failure secondary to pump-induced inflammatory response followed. Aggressive medical management resulted in complete patient recovery. No neurologic deficits were observed, and the patient regained full cognitive function. This report describes a simple approach to facilitate repair of the aortic arch and minimize postoperative organ failure.

General Polyhedral Finite Elements for Rapid Nonlinear Analysis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Rashid ◽  
Mili Selimotic ◽  
Tarig Dinar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Canonical Element ◽  
Cutting Geometry ◽  
Surface Representations ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Element Method

An analysis system for solid mechanics applications is described in which a new finite element method that can accommodate general polyhedral elements is exploited. The essence of the method is direct polynomial approximation of the shape functions on the physical element, without transformation to a canonical element. The main motive is elimination of the requirement that all elements be similar to a canonical element via the usual isoparametric mapping. It is this topological restriction that largely drives the design of mesh-generation algorithms, and ultimately leads to the considerable human effort required to perform complex analyses. An integrated analysis system is described in which the flexibility of the polyhedral element method is leveraged via a robust computational geometry processor. The role of the latter is to perform rapid Boolean intersection operations between hex meshes and surface representations of the body to be analyzed. A typical procedure is to create a space-filling structured hex mesh that contains the body, and then extract a polyhedral mesh of the body by intersecting the hex mesh and the body’s surface. The result is a mesh that is directly usable in the polyhedral finite element method. Some example applications are: 1) simulation on very complex geometries; 2) rapid geometry modification and re-analysis; and 3) analysis of material-removal process steps following deformation processing. This last class of problems is particularly challenging for the conventional FE methodology, because the element boundaries are, in general, not aligned with the cutting geometry following the deformation (e.g. forging) step.

scholarly journals Update on Alternative Occupant Volume Testing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carolan ◽  
Michelle Priante Muhlanger
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Load Path ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Static Compression

This paper describes the conduct of the first of a series of quasi-static compression tests of rail passenger equipment being done to examine occupant volume strength. Specifically, this program is investigating methods of evaluating occupant volume integrity when loads are placed along the collision load path of the occupant volume. Budd Pioneer car 244 has been chosen as the test article to examine alternative occupant volume loading strategies. Since this car has been involved in several impact tests as part of a previous research program, it is important to verify the structural integrity of the vehicle before conducting an alternative loading test. Although the vehicle has been modified with crash energy management crush zones at both ends, the occupant volume between the body bolsters is unmodified from the original structure. The 800,000-pound compressive strength test will be used to ensure the structural integrity of the car is intact. Before the conduct of this test, repairs were made to the crush zone. These repairs included replacement of trigger elements in the form of shear bolts and shear rivets. Additionally, energy absorbing elements were removed from the pushback coupler and primary energy absorbers because they would not contribute to the load path of this test. Steel blocks were added to the sliding sill element, enabling it to contact the fixed sill and enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the sliding-fixed sill connection. Preliminary results of this test include an overall description of the test procedures, discussion of permanent deformation observed during the test, and presentation of finite-element simulation results. Detailed analysis of test results, including strain gage data, is ongoing. The test results are being compared with the finite-element model results in support of the next tests planned for this series. The next two tests will evaluate the carbody when it is loaded along its collision load path to establish the elastic limit and crippling strength.

Tire Bead Overheating in Urban Buses and Trucks Using Drum Brake Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
A. L. A. Costa ◽  
M. Natalini ◽  
M. F. Inglese ◽  
O. A. M. Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Drum Brake ◽  
Fea Model

Abstract Because the structural integrity of brake systems and tires can be related to the temperature, this work proposes a transient heat transfer finite element analysis (FEA) model to study the overheating in drum brake systems used in trucks and urban buses. To understand the mechanics of overheating, some constructive variants have been modeled regarding the assemblage: brake, rims, and tires. The model simultaneously studies the thermal energy generated by brakes and tires and how the heat is transferred and dissipated by conduction, convection, and radiation. The simulated FEA data and the experimental temperature profiles measured with thermocouples have been compared giving good correlation.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

ANALISIS YURIDIS NORMATIF PUTUSAN PERKARA MAHKAMAH AGUNG KONSTITUSI RI No. 004/PUU-II/2004

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Doni Budiono
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Rules ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tax Court

The  authority  of justice in Indonesia  is executed by  the Supreme Courts and  the  justice  boards/body under the Supreme Courts, including  the general  justice, religious affairs justice, military justice,  state administration  justice,  and  the Constitution Court. According to  certainty in  the Act of  Tax Court, Article1, clause  (5),  tax  dispute   refers to the legal dispute arising in the  taxation  affairs between the  tax payer or the  body  responsible for the  tax with   the government   executives  ( Directorate General of Tax) as the consequence of   the issue of  the decree for the  appeal  to the Tax  Court in accordance with the  tax Act, including the  charge  against the  execution of collection   in accordance with the  Act of Tax Collection by force. The  formation of Tax Court is  designed by  the Executives, in this case, the  Department of Finance, specifically  the Directorate   General  of Tax  which has the right to issue  law  more technical about  tax accord to Article 14,  letter A,  President Decree  no. 44  year 1974,  concerning the  basic  organization of the Department.  Based on  it,  it  is clear that  in addition to execute the government  rules and policy,  this body  has to execute judicial   rules and policy. This is against the  principles of  Judicative  Power/Authority in Indonesia,  which   clearly states that this body  should be under the Supreme Court.   Therefore. It is suggested that   the Act  No UU no.14 Year 2012 concerning  Tax Court   be revised  in accordance with the system of  Power Division  of Justice  as  stated in 45 Constitutions.

Ayurveda dietary guidelines during Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481
Author(s):  
Ishwari Gaikwad ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The current world situation is both frightening and alarming due to the massive disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The next few days are censorious as we need to be very precautious in our daily regimen as well as dietary habits. Ayurveda offers knowledge about food based on certain reasoning. Indecent food custom is the chief cause for the rising development of health disorders in the current era. In classical texts of Ayurveda, the concept of diet explained well, ranging from their natural sources, properties and specific utility in pathological as well as physiological manner. In this work, the review of the relevant literature of Ahara (Diet) was carried out from Charak Samhita and other texts, newspapers, articles, web page related to the same.  Every human being is unique with respect to his Prakriti (Physical and mental temperament), Agni (Digestive capacity), Koshtha  (Nature of bowel) etc. For that reason, the specificity of the individual should be kept in mind. Ahara, when consumed in the appropriate amount at the right moment following all Niyamas (Guidelines) given in Ayurveda texts, gives immunity and keeps the body in a healthy state during pandemics such as Covid-19. Ultimately, this will help the human body to maintain its strength for life. This article reviews the concept of diet viz. combination of foods, their quantity and quality, methods of preparation and processing, which are to be followed during pandemics and are essential in maintenance and endorsement of health and preclusion of diseases.

Immunity boosting diet during Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 832-838
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Devyani Dasar
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
The Right ◽  
Daily Physical Activities ◽  
Physiological Reactions

WHO declared Covid 19 /SARS -COV-2 as a global pandemic.Till date, there is no medicine for COVID-19. If the Infection arises in the body then the defence mechanism activated against infection. A recent study suggests that temporarily augmenting the body's immune system in the early stages of COVID-19 can help patient to avoid severe symptoms as it is rightly said prevention is better than cure. Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity.As per many researches to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C,Vitamin D and immunity boosting foodsuch as citrus natural products, custard apple, apple, papaya is among the Fruits. Vegetables include broccoli, onion, garlic and green leafy vegetables. Nuts, ginger, turmeric, pepper, egg yolk, shellfish, mushroom. The need of the hour is a quick boost to immune system to keep it fit, fighting. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost immune system.In this review, there are few common supplements and super food studies have been included. It might be a torch bearer as sample menu and their alternatives are given for a normal adult. Needy may change contemplated according to age, sex, body mass index and daily physical activities.

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