Modifications to Improve Fuel Consumption in the Remanufacture of Spark-Ignition Engines for Electric Generators

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Neill Swain ◽  
Oliver Patrick Jordan ◽  
Travis Jamal Mackey ◽  
Patrick Shannon Seemann ◽  
Hasitha Samarajeewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Electric Generators

This paper describes the development of a water-cooled, lean burn, gaseous fueled engine designed for distributed power installations. Electric generators have become popular because they provide a portable supply of electrical power at consumer demand. They are used in critical need areas such as hospitals and airports, and have found their way into homes frequented with power outages or homes in remote locations. Gensets are available in a wide variety of sizes ranging from 1 kilowatt (kW) to thousands of kilowatts. In the midrange, the power sources are typically spark-ignition, automotive type internal combustion engines. Since engines designed for automotive use are subject to different emission regulations, and are optimized for operation at revolutions per minute (RPM) and brake mean effective pressures (BMEPs) above that of electric generator engines, modifications can be made to optimize them for gensets. This work describes modifications which can be made during remanufacturing an automotive engine to optimize it for use as a generator engine. While the work recognizes the potential for cost savings from the use of remanufactured automotive engines over that of using new automotive engines and the majority of the design constraints were adopted to reduce engine cost, the main focus of the work is quantifying the increase in fuel efficiency that can be achieved while meeting the required EPA emission requirements. This paper describes the seven combustion chamber designs that were developed and tested during this work. Friction reduction was obtained in both valve train and journal bearing design. The engine optimized for fuel efficiency produced a maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 37.5% with λ = 1.63. This yielded an EPA test cycle average brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 325 g/kW hr. Modification of the spark advance and low load equivalence ratio to meet EPA Phase III emission standards resulted in an EPA test cycle average BSFC of 330 g/kW hr. When the engine used in this research was tested in its unmodified, automotive configuration under the EPA compliant test cycle, its EPA test cycle average BSFC was 443.4 g/kW hr. This is a 34% increase in fuel consumption compared to the modified engine.

Modifications to Improve Fuel Consumption in the Remanufacture of Spark Ignition Engines for Electric Generators

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Neill Swain ◽  
Oliver Patrick Jordan ◽  
Travis Jamal Mackey ◽  
Patrick Shannon Seemann ◽  
Hasitha Samarajeewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Electric Generators

This paper describes the development of a water cooled, lean burn, gaseous fueled engine designed for distributed power installations. Electric generators have become popular because they provide a portable supply of electrical power at consumer demand. They are used in critical need areas such as hospitals and airports, and have found their way into homes frequented with power outages or homes in remote locations. Gensets are available in a wide variety of sizes ranging from 1 kilowatt (kW) to thousands of kilowatts. In the mid-range the power sources are typically spark ignition, automotive type internal combustion engines. Since engines designed for automotive use are subject to different emission regulations, and are optimized for operation at RPMs and BMEPs above that of electric generator engines, modifications can be made to optimize them for gensets. This work describes modifications which can be made during remanufacturing an automotive engine to optimize it for use as a generator engine. While the work recognizes the potential for cost savings from the use of remanufactured automotive engines over that of using new automotive engines and the majority of the design constraints were adopted to reduce engine cost, the main focus of the work is quantifying the increase in fuel efficiency that can be achieved while meeting the required EPA emission requirements. This paper describes the seven combustion chamber designs that were developed and tested during this work. Friction reduction was obtained in both valve train and journal bearing design. The engine optimized for fuel efficiency produced a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 37.5% with λ= 1.63. This yielded an EPA test cycle average brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 325 g/kW-hr. Modification of the spark advance and low load equivalence ratio to meet EPA Phase III emission standards resulted in an EPA test cycle average BSFC of 330 gm/kW-hr. When the engine used in this research was tested in its unmodified, automotive configuration under the EPA Compliant Test Cycle it’s EPA test cycle average brake specific fuel consumption was 443.4 gm/kW-hr. This is a 34% increase in fuel consumption compared to the modified engine.

Study of the Fuel Consumption of ECMS Applied to a HEV

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2173-2178
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Xiu Min Yu ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Ling He
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Analytical Formulation ◽  
Multiple Power

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is integrated with the engine, the motor and the battery and so on. HEV has a significantly better fuel efficiency compared with conventional vehicles due to its multiple power sources. To evaluate fuel economy, HEV and its subsystem modeling methodologies were provided through the analysis of energy flow. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was built based on the prototype. The ECMS implementation analytical formulation was developed. The equivalency factor, one for charging and the other for discharging, each of them was different during a driving cycle. In a certain drive, only a subset of them generates a trend close to zero, which indicates charge-sustainability.

scholarly journals Surface Texture Influences on the Running-in Behavior and Friction Reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Zhouyong Hou ◽  
Tomomi Honda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texture ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Profile Measurement ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Textured Surfaces

For improving automobile fuel efficiency, the internal combustion engines must be required to reduce the friction and wear. Changing viscosity of lubricant and surface pressure could succeed, but the seizure is easy to happen in engines. However, the surface texture can solve those problems. The running-in behavior affects friction and wear on whole combustion engines. If the running-in is not carefully designed, catastrophic accident can happen. This experiment investigates that the running-in behavior is influenced by textured surfaces and the tested materials are the cast iron and the different area ratio of dimple of aluminum alloy combination. The friction coefficient and the number and size of wear particles are measured by the friction sensor and particle counter. After the tests, the worn surfaces are measured through using surface profile measurement systems, and some significant phenomena are observed and analyzed. The textured surface verifies good consequence and tribological advantages.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Numerical Study on Friction Reduction and Wear Resistance by Surface Coating on Cam/Tappet Pairs under Different Conditions

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Bugao Lyu ◽  
Xianghui Meng ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Valve Train ◽  
Friction Loss ◽  
Contact Friction ◽  
Asperity Contact ◽  
Dlc Coatings

As a vital component in the valve train of internal combustion engines (ICEs), the cam/tappet pair undergoes high mechanical and thermal loads and usually works in a mixed and boundary lubrication regime. This leads to considerable friction loss and severe surface wear. Currently, the applications of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings for automotive components are becoming a promising strategy to reduce the friction and lower the wear. However, the practical performance of the coating is related to many factors, including friction coefficient, thermal properties, load conditions, and surface topography. In order to investigate these factors and successively improve the fuel efficiency and durability of the cam/tappet pair, a comprehensive multi-physics analytical model considering the mechanical, thermal and tribological properties of DLC coatings is established in this paper. Simulations are carried out for the coated as well as the uncoated cam/tappet conjunctions with different roughness at various ambient temperatures. The results show that both the fluid and asperity contact friction for the coated cam/tappet conjunction are significantly reduced due to their favourable characteristics. As a result, the friction loss of the coated cam/tappet pair is noticeably lower by almost 40% than that of the uncoated, despite a slightly higher asperity contact. In addition, the wear resistance of DLC coatings is also impressive, although the wear condition becomes progressively more severe with the increasing ambient temperature. Moreover, the roughness has complex effects on the friction and wear under different conditions.

A Computational Chemistry Approach for Investigation of Low Friction Mechanisms Based on FEP Film with Functionalized SiO2 Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Yusuke Morita ◽  
Marleen de Weser ◽  
Gerhard Schottner
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Chemical Calculation ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Reduction Mechanisms ◽  
Friction Measurements

To improve the fuel efficiency of automobile internal combustion engines, we investigated the fundamental mechanism of friction reduction within engine moving parts. A new coating was designed by introducing SiO2nanoparticles in FEP film. The SiO2nanoparticles were functionalized with hydrophobic fluoroalkyl units on their surface to create additional low friction property. Universal Surface Tester friction measurements revealed a significant reduction of the friction coefficient with increasing number of hydrophobic fluoroalkyl units for SiO2surface functionalization. To clarify the friction reduction mechanisms by the functionalization of SiO2nanoparticles, a quantum chemical calculation was carried out. The result indicates that an attractive force occurs between nanoparticle Si atoms and polymer F atoms, while by adding fluoroalkyl units on the SiO2nanoparticle surface, this force changes to repulsive. By performing a molecular dynamics simulation of a shear model between FEP film and SiO2nanoparticles, we observed a decrease of friction force with increasing fluoroalkyl units which lead smooth rolling motion of nanoparticles, thus confirming the repulsive effect of nanoparticle functionalization. We conclude that fluoroalkyl units on the SiO2surface play an important role in creating a repulsive force between nanoparticle and FEP film which lead to low friction coefficient.

scholarly journals EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION EFFECT ON COMBUSTION AND EMITTED NOX IN A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE USING HIGH OCTANE NUMBER FUEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Noor Hassan ◽  
Adel M Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Octane

Pollutants emitted from internal combustion engines cause significant environmental pollution, and the reduction of these pollutants is the goal of all. The deterioration of air quality is increasing year after year due to increasing the population and cars and low awareness of pollution reduction. In this study, the impact of recycling of exhaust gas in a spark ignition engine was tested on the NOx emitted from it, which is considered one of the most dangerous environmental pollutant. The results of the study showed that the brake specific fuel consumption increases by increasing the amount of the EGR interning the engine, also the brake thermal efficiency increases and the volumetric efficiency decreases with this increase. The NOx concentrations emitted are significantly reduced when high rates of EGR (15% and 20%) are added. The use of high octane fuel RON94.5 has helped to reduce the expected EGR damage, such as greater reduction in the specific fuel consumption, or a greater reduction in the volumetric efficiency.

Novel Engine Cycle Enabling Partial Load Fuel Efficiency Beyond Full Load Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption Reduction ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Consumption Reduction

Abstract Fuel consumption reduction and emission reductions in internal combustion engines (ICE) is a hot topic nowadays. An adaption of cylinder de-activation technique called ECONAMIQ over-expansion can be applied to engines to improve fuel efficiency. Using the pressure from the exhaust gas from the active cylinders, the ‘idle’ cylinders could be expanded to extract more work out of the engine during partial load operation. Using the virtual simulation environment GT-Power, this cycle is applied to a 4-cylinder SI engine. This engine model is simulated for a part load operation point and compared with a standard 4-cylinder engine model and 4-cylinder engine model equipped with cylinder de-activation. From these simulations various variables for engine operation (valve timing etc.) are optimized to further reduce fuel consumption of the engine. A final brake specific fuel consumption reduction of over 10% is achieved using the overexpansion cycle, while improving engine performance on two burning cylinders over 10% as well. With this improvement it is shown that the over-expansion cycle has a significant benefit compared to a standard ICE and cylinder de-activation techniques. These simulations are being validated on an engine test dyno using a natural aspirated ICE.

An Investigation of Supercharged Air Filter System on the Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
Shukri Zain ◽  
Shaari M. Fazri
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Automotive Engines ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Air Intake

Considering the enhancement device for air intake systems have been widely available in the market for automotive engines, in this paper, the effect of Supercharged Air Filter (SAF) system on a Spark Ignition (SI) engine were experimentally investigated. Three different types of air filter; standard, conical shape air filter and SAF were tested on a four-stroke single-cylinder engine. The engine was coupled to a 20kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show that the forced induction system can affect the engine performance but it will make the engines fuel consumption higher than standard system.

Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8029-8042
Author(s):  
N.S. Mustafa ◽  
N.H.A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.A. Abas ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
System Components ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
High Influence

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document