Evaluation of Passive Cooling Systems for Residential Buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Alaidroos ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
End Use ◽  
Passive Cooling Systems

In this paper, passive cooling strategies have been investigated to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing cooling thermal loads and air conditioning energy consumption for residential buildings in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Specifically, three passive cooling techniques have been evaluated including natural ventilation, downdraft evaporative cooling, and earth tube cooling. These passive cooling systems are applied to a prototypical KSA residential villa model with an improved building envelope. The analysis has been carried using detailed simulation tool for several cities representing different climate conditions throughout KSA. The impact of the passive cooling systems is evaluated on both energy consumption and electrical peak demand for residential villas with and without improved building envelope for five cities, representatives of various climate conditions in KSA. It is found that both natural ventilation and evaporative cooling provide a significant reduction in cooling energy use and electrical peak demand for the prototypical villa located in dry KSA climates such as that of Riyadh and Tabuk. Natural ventilation alone has reduced the cooling energy end-use by 22%, while the evaporative cooling system has resulted in 64% savings in cooling energy end-use. Moreover, the natural ventilation is found to have a high potential in all KSA climates, while evaporative cooling can be suitable only in hot and dry climates such as Riyadh and Tabuk. Finally, the analysis showed that natural ventilation provided the lowest electrical peak demand when applied into the improved envelope residential buildings in all five cities in KSA.

Impact of Passive Cooling Strategies on Energy Consumption Reduction of Residential Buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Alaidroos ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
End Use ◽  
Passive Cooling Systems

In this paper, passive cooling strategies have been investigated to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing cooling thermal loads and air conditioning energy consumption for residential buildings in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Specifically, three passive cooling techniques have been evaluated including: natural ventilation, downdraft evaporative cooling, and earth tube cooling. These passive cooling systems are applied to a prototypical KSA residential villa model with an improved building envelope. The analysis has been carried using detailed simulation tool for several cities representing different climate conditions throughout KSA. It is found that both natural ventilation and evaporative cooling provide a significant reduction in cooling energy for the prototypical villa located in Riyadh. Natural ventilation alone has reduced the cooling energy end-use by 22% and the total villa energy consumption by 10%, while the evaporative cooling system has resulted in 64% savings in cooling energy end-use and 32% in the total villa energy consumption. When applying both passive cooling systems together to the villa, the cooling energy end-use is significantly reduced by about 84.2% and the total villa energy savings by 62.3% relative to the un-insulated basecase residential building model. Moreover, natural ventilation is found to have a high potential in all KSA climates, while evaporative cooling can be suitable only in hot and dry climates such as Riyadh and Tabuk.

scholarly journals Pool- Houses – The Most Effective Elements of Traditional Passive Cooling

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Neghabi
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North West ◽  
Wind Circulation ◽  
Passive Cooling Systems ◽  
Systems Studies ◽  
Subterranean Water

Nowadays, providence of non-renewable energies is the most important issue of Iran. Iranian architects have focused on two approaches of energy saving. Firstly, they are going to use past architecture experiences and secondly, they use new scientific solutions. This paper among the traditional cooling systems, studies pool houses. They have been used in different locations of Iran; although they are similar, in general but their structure differs with the climates. This paper is going to answer some questions: Are pool-houses passive cooling systems? Are there different pool-houses in various regions of Iran? The research method is descriptive-analytic and we have collected some data and information through library and field study. We studied pool-houses in different climate conditions of Iran; we found that pool-houses have different structures. For instance, in north-west Iran, where the climate condition is cold, they are located at basement of two-story buildings, and there is not a roof ventilator. But in warm and dry areas they use Khyshkhan on the roof for wind circulation and subterranean-water is accessible in some houses.

scholarly journals Selection and Assessment of Passive Cooling Techniques for Residential Buildings in Oman Using a Bioclimatic Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Al-Azri ◽  
YH Zurigat ◽  
N Al-Rawahi
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Passive Cooling Systems ◽  
Selection And Assessment ◽  
Psychrometric Chart

 Passive cooling is an ancient technique used in air reconditioning and ventilation. Despite its historical use, its relevance in building design has never ceased. To be sure, with the increasing interest in saving energy and preserving the environment, passive cooling stands out as a sustainable possibility. However, this is not always a viable option, and its practicality is determined mainly by the system's functionality, the type of activities involved in the space to be cooled, and the surrounding area's bioclimatic variables (i.e. temperature, humidity, and diurnal temperature differences). In areas under consideration for passive cooling systems, bioclimatic charts are helpful. Comprehensive charts, in which yearlong hourly meteorological data are projected on a psychrometric chart, help to determine the fits required by a particular location. In this paper, psychrometric charts were developed for eight locations in Oman, and a systematic procedure on the selection and viability of using passive cooling techniques is provided through meteorological data. Givoni's passive cooling zones are used and the applicability of each technique is quantified. The eight study locations are widely scattered around and Oman, and possess great geographical diversity. The presented results can help delineate the applicability of each passive cooling technique for residential buildings at each of the study locations and their proximities. 

scholarly journals Solar Chimney Applications in Buildings

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
Haihua Zhang ◽  
Yao Tao ◽  
Long Shi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Solar Chimney ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Modern Building ◽  
Ventilation Systems

A solar chimney is a renewable energy system used to enhance the natural ventilation in a building based on solar and wind energy. It is one of the most representative solar-assisted passive ventilation systems attached to the building envelope. It performs exceptionally in enhancing natural ventilation and improving thermal comfort under certain climate conditions. The ventilation enhancement of solar chimneys has been widely studied numerically and experimentally. The assessment of solar chimney systems based on buoyancy ventilation relies heavily on the natural environment, experimental environment, and performance prediction methods, bringing great difficulties to quantitative analysis and parameterization research. With the increase in volume and complexity of modern building structures, current studies of solar chimneys have not yet obtained a unified design strategy and corresponding guidance. Meanwhile, combining a solar chimney with other passive ventilation systems has attracted much attention. The solar chimney-based integrated passive-assisted ventilation systems prolong the service life of an independent system and strengthen the ventilation ability for indoor cooling and heating. However, the progress is still slow regarding expanded applications and related research of solar chimneys in large volume and multi-layer buildings, and contradictory conclusions appear due to the inherent complexity of the system.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadas Narayanan ◽  
Edward Halawa ◽  
Sanjeev Jain
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Cooling Systems

Air conditioning accounts for up to 50% of energy use in buildings. Increased air-conditioning-system installations not only increase total energy consumption but also raise peak load demand. Desiccant evaporative cooling systems use low-grade thermal energy, such as solar energy and waste heat, instead of electricity to provide thermal comfort. This system can potentially lead to significant energy saving, reduction in carbon emissions, and it has a low dew-point operation and large capacity range. Their light weight, simplicity of design, and close-to-atmospheric operation make them easy to maintain. This paper evaluates the applicability of this technology to the climatic conditions of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, specifically for the residential sector. Given the subtropical climate of Brisbane, where humidity levels are not excessively high during cooling periods, the numerical study shows that such a system can be a potential alternative to conventional compression-based air-conditioning systems. Nevertheless, the installation of such a system in Brisbane’s climate zone requires careful design, proper selection of components, and a cheap heat source for regeneration. The paper also discusses the economy-cycle options for this system in such a climate and compares its effectiveness to natural ventilation.

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