Analysis and Assessment of a Gas Turbine-Modular Helium Reactor for Nuclear Desalination

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrukh Khalid ◽  
Ibrahim Dincer ◽  
Marc A. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Electric Generation ◽  
Temperature Recovery

A thermodynamic analysis of the coupling of a reverse osmosis (RO) process with the gas turbine-modular helium reactor (GT-MHR) is presented in which the waste heat is utilized for the generation of steam as it is expanded in a steam turbine. A comprehensive parametric study is carried out to reveal the effect of some parameters such as compression ratio, turbine inlet temperature, recovery ratio, and preheated feed seawater inlet temperature on the exergy efficiencies of the RO process, electricity generation process, electricity generation without steam turbine work output, and overall system. The analysis shows that the exergy efficiency of the electric generation process is increased by 10.3%, if the waste heat from the reactor is utilized. The exergy efficiencies of the RO process, electricity generation process, electricity generation without steam turbine work output, and overall system are found to be 89.0%, 40.0%, 29.7%, and 41.0%, respectively.

Effects of Steam Injection on the Performance of Gas Turbine Power Cycles

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Fraize ◽  
C. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Determine Effect

The effect of injecting steam generated by exhaust gas waste heat into a gas turbine with 3060°R turbine inlet temperature has been analyzed. Two alternate steam injection cycles are compared with a combined cycle using a conventional steam bottoming cycle. A range of compression ratios (8, 12, 16, and 20) and water mass injection ratios (0 to 0.4) were analyzed to determine effect on net turbine power output per pound of air and cycle thermodynamic efficiency. A water/fuel cost tradeoff analysis is also provided. The results indicate promising performance and economic advantages of steam injected cycles relative to more conventional utility power cycles. Application to coal-fired configuration is briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Power-Water Cogeneration System for Waste Heat Recovery of Gas Turbine

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Shunsen Wang ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Dual Stage

A power-water cogeneration system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (SCBC) and reverse osmosis (RO) unit is proposed and analyzed in this paper to recover the waste heat of a gas turbine. In order to improve the system performance, the power generated by SCBC is used to drive the RO unit and the waste heat of SCBC is used to preheat the feed seawater of the RO unit. In particular, a dual-stage cooler is employed to elevate the preheating temperature as much as possible. The proposed system is simulated and discussed based on the detailed thermodynamic models. According to the results of parametric analysis, the exergy efficiency of SCBC first increases and then decreases as the turbine inlet temperature and split ratio increase. The performance of the RO unit is improved as the preheating temperature rises. Finally, an optimal exergy efficiency of 52.88% can be achieved according to the single-objective optimization results.

scholarly journals The Coal-Fired PFBC Machine: Operating Experience and Further Development

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven A. Jansson ◽  
Dirk Veenhuizen ◽  
Krishna K. Pillai ◽  
Jan Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Further Development

The key components of Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combined Cycle (PFBC) plants are the specially designed gas turbine, which we refer to as the PFBC machine, and the pressurized fluidized bed boiler used to generate and superheat steam for expansion in a steam turbine, in ABB’s P200 and P800 modules, ABB Stal’s 17 MWe GT35P and 70 MWe GT140P machines, respectively, are used. Particulate cleanup before expansion in the turbine sections is with cyclones. So far, over 70,000 hours of operation has been accumulated on P200 modules in the world’s first PFBC plants, demonstrating that PFBC meets the expectations. The GT35P machines have been found to perform as expected, although some teething problems have also been experienced. The next P200 plant will be built in Germany for operation on brown coal. The first GT140P machine has been manufactured. After shop testing in Finspong, it will be shipped to Japan for installation in the first P800 plant, which is under construction. Future development of the PFBC machines are foreseen to include raising the turbine inlet temperature through combustion of a topping fuel in order to reach thermal efficiencies which ultimately may be in the range of 50 to 53% (LHV).

Thermodynamics Analysis of a Combined Cycle Power Plant

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feliciano Pava´n ◽  
Marco Romo ◽  
Juan Prince
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant

The present paper is a thermodynamics analysis, i.e. both energy and exergy analyses for a natural gas based combined cycle power plant. The analysis was performed for an existing 240 MW plant, where the steam cycle reduces the irreversibilities during heat transfer from gas to water/steam. The effect of operating variables such as pressure ratio, gas turbine inlet temperature on the performance of combined cycle power plant has been investigated. The pressure ratio and maximum temperature (gas turbine inlet temperature) are identified as the dominant parameters having impact on the combined cycle plant performance. The work output of the topping cycle is found to increase with pressure ratio, while for the bottoming cycle it decreases. However, for the same gas turbine inlet temperature the overall work output of the combined cycle plant increases up to a certain pressure ratio, and thereafter not much increase is observed. The exergy losses of the individual components in the plant are evaluated based on second law of thermodynamics. The present results form a basis on which further work can be conducted to improve the performance of these units.

Investigation of the Bottoming Cycle for High Efficiency Combined Cycle Gas Turbine System With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Kuk Cho ◽  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Seungjoon Baik ◽  
Yoonhan Ahn ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Steam Cycle

The supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) power cycle has been receiving attention as one of the future power cycle technology because of its compact configuration and high thermal efficiency at relatively low turbine inlet temperature ranges (450∼750°C). Thus, this low turbine inlet temperature can be suitable for the bottoming cycle of a combined cycle gas turbine because its exhaust temperature range is approximately 500∼600°C. The natural gas combined cycle power plant utilizes mainly steam Rankine cycle as a bottoming cycle to recover waste heat from a gas turbine. To improve the current situation with the S-CO2 power cycle technology, the research team collected various S-CO2 cycle layouts and compared each performance. Finally, seven cycle layouts were selected as a bottoming power system. In terms of the net work, each cycle was evaluated while the mass flow rate, the split flow rate and the minimum pressure were changed. The existing well-known S-CO2 cycle layouts are unsuitable for the purpose of a waste heat recovery system because it is specialized for a nuclear application. Therefore, the concept to combine two S-CO2 cycles was suggested in this paper. Also the complex single S-CO2 cycles are included in the study to explore its potential. As a result, the net work of the concept to combine two S-CO2 cycles was lower than that of the performance of the reference steam cycle. On the other hand, the cascade S-CO2 Brayton cycle 3 which is one of the complex single cycles was the only cycle to be superior to the reference steam cycle. This result shows the possibility of the S-CO2 bottoming cycle if component technologies become mature enough to realize the assumptions in this paper.

Combined Steam-Turbine Power Producing Concept With Recirculating Steam Compressor

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steam Flow ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
High Temperature Steam

This concept shows that an efficient combined cycle, comprising topping & bottoming cycle, does not have to be privilege of gas turbine plants only, but could also be achieved with steam turbine plants. An efficient power-producing concept of a combined steam-turbine cycle with addition of a recirculating steam compressor is disclosed. Topping part of such a combined steam-turbine cycle operates at elevated steam turbine inlet temperature and pressure, while its “waste heat” is recovered by the bottoming part of the combined cycle in a heat-recovery boiler (steam heat exchanger). The recirculating steam compressor pumps the cooled majority of the entire steam flow to the maximum cycle pressure, while smaller steam flow fraction continues its full expansion to some low pressure in a condenser. The cycle waste heat could be transferred to the bottoming part of the combined cycle in a variety of modalities, depending on the chosen main high-temperature steam-turbine inlet temperature and inlet pressure (supercritical/subcritical). At an assumed constant steam-turbine inlet temperature of 900°C (∼300 bar), a very high gross cycle thermal efficiency could potentially be achieved, ranging from 56 to 62% with the high-temperature steam-turbine pressure ranging from subcritical (30 bar) to supercritical (300 bar). Such a combined steam-turbine cycle seems to be a suitable energy conversion concept that could be applied in classic thermal power plants powered by coal, but also seems as an ideal option for application in the new generation of gas-cooled nuclear rectors, where the gaseous reactor coolant, heated up to 1000°C, would indirectly transfer its heat content to working fluid (superheated steam) of the topping part of the combined steam-turbine cycle. Alternatively, the proposed concept may be combined with renewable energy sources of a sufficient temperature level.

scholarly journals Thermodynamical Optimization of a Combined Cycle Plant Performance

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sarabchi ◽  
G. T. Polley
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Recovery Boiler

Computer modelling of Performance optimization was done to examine the effect of key operating variables like compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, and recovery boiler pressure on performance parameters of a simple combined cycle and comparison was made to a simple gas turbine cycle. Both thermal efficiency and specific net work were examined as pressure ratio and recovery boiler pressure were varied for each turbine inlet temperature. Also careful consideration was given to admissible values of stack gas temperature, steam turbine outlet dryness fraction, and steam turbine outlet dryness fraction, and steam turbine inlet temperature. Specifically, it was shown that when we treat a combined cycle as an integrated system, efficiency optimization entails a pressure ratio below that suitable for simple gas turbine plant.

Optimization of Combined Cycle Power Plant Using Sequential Quadratic Programming

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Meigounpoory ◽  
Pouria Ahmadi ◽  
Ahmad Reza Ghaffarizadeh ◽  
Shoaib Khanmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Quadratic Programming ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Sequential Quadratic Programming ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

The thermal-economic optimization of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) which can provide 140 MW of electrical power is discussed in this paper. The CCPP is composed of a gas turbine cycle (including, air compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine), heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), steam turbine, condenser system, and a pump. The design parameters of such a plant are compressor pressure ratio (rAC), compressor isentropic efficiency (ηAC) gas turbine isentropic efficiency (ηGT), and turbine inlet temperature (T3), pinch difference temperature (ΔTpinch), steam turbine inlet temperature (Ta), steam turbine isentropic efficiency (ηST), and pump isentropic efficiency (ηPUMP). The objective function was the total cost of the plant in terms of dollar per second, including sum of the operating cost related to the fuel consumption, and the capital investment for equipment purchase and maintenance costs. The optimal values of decision variables were obtained by minimizing the objective function using sequential quadratic programming (SQP). The effects of change in the demanded power and fuel price on the design parameters werestudied for, 100, 120, and 140MW of net power output.

Development and Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Components for Ceramic Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Makino ◽  
Ken-Ichi Mizuno ◽  
Toru Shimamori
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Power Turbine

NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. has been developing various silicon nitride materials, and the technology for fabricating components for ceramic gas turbines (CGT) using theses materials. We are supplying silicon nitride material components for the project to develop 300 kW class CGT for co-generation in Japan. EC-152 was developed for components that require high strength at high temperature, such as turbine blades and turbine nozzles. In order to adapt the increasing of the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) up to 1,350 °C in accordance with the project goals, we developed two silicon nitride materials with further unproved properties: ST-1 and ST-2. ST-1 has a higher strength than EC-152 and is suitable for first stage turbine blades and power turbine blades. ST-2 has higher oxidation resistance than EC-152 and is suitable for power turbine nozzles. In this paper, we report on the properties of these materials, and present the results of evaluations of these materials when they are actually used for CGT components such as first stage turbine blades and power turbine nozzles.

Practical Implications of Integrating Turbomachinery Into the Air Turborocket

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Clough ◽  
Mark J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Launch Vehicle ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Space Launch ◽  
Practical Implications

The development of new reusable space launch vehicle concepts has lead to the need for more advanced engine cycles. Many two-stage vehicle concepts rely on advanced gas turbine engines that can propel the first stage of the launch vehicle from a runway up to Mach 5 or faster. One prospective engine for these vehicles is the Air Turborocket (ATR). The ATR is an innovative aircraft engine flowpath that is intended to extend the operating range of a conventional gas turbine engine. This is done by moving the turbine out of the core engine flow, alleviating the traditional limit on the turbine inlet temperature. This paper presents the analysis of an ATR engine for a reusable space launch vehicle and some of the practical problems that will be encountered in the development of this engine.

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