Effects of Steam Injection on the Performance of Gas Turbine Power Cycles

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Fraize ◽  
C. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Determine Effect

The effect of injecting steam generated by exhaust gas waste heat into a gas turbine with 3060°R turbine inlet temperature has been analyzed. Two alternate steam injection cycles are compared with a combined cycle using a conventional steam bottoming cycle. A range of compression ratios (8, 12, 16, and 20) and water mass injection ratios (0 to 0.4) were analyzed to determine effect on net turbine power output per pound of air and cycle thermodynamic efficiency. A water/fuel cost tradeoff analysis is also provided. The results indicate promising performance and economic advantages of steam injected cycles relative to more conventional utility power cycles. Application to coal-fired configuration is briefly discussed.

Investigation of the Bottoming Cycle for High Efficiency Combined Cycle Gas Turbine System With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Kuk Cho ◽  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Seungjoon Baik ◽  
Yoonhan Ahn ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Steam Cycle

The supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) power cycle has been receiving attention as one of the future power cycle technology because of its compact configuration and high thermal efficiency at relatively low turbine inlet temperature ranges (450∼750°C). Thus, this low turbine inlet temperature can be suitable for the bottoming cycle of a combined cycle gas turbine because its exhaust temperature range is approximately 500∼600°C. The natural gas combined cycle power plant utilizes mainly steam Rankine cycle as a bottoming cycle to recover waste heat from a gas turbine. To improve the current situation with the S-CO2 power cycle technology, the research team collected various S-CO2 cycle layouts and compared each performance. Finally, seven cycle layouts were selected as a bottoming power system. In terms of the net work, each cycle was evaluated while the mass flow rate, the split flow rate and the minimum pressure were changed. The existing well-known S-CO2 cycle layouts are unsuitable for the purpose of a waste heat recovery system because it is specialized for a nuclear application. Therefore, the concept to combine two S-CO2 cycles was suggested in this paper. Also the complex single S-CO2 cycles are included in the study to explore its potential. As a result, the net work of the concept to combine two S-CO2 cycles was lower than that of the performance of the reference steam cycle. On the other hand, the cascade S-CO2 Brayton cycle 3 which is one of the complex single cycles was the only cycle to be superior to the reference steam cycle. This result shows the possibility of the S-CO2 bottoming cycle if component technologies become mature enough to realize the assumptions in this paper.

Impact of Inlet Fogging on the Performance of Steam Injected Cooled Gas Turbine Based Combined Cycle Power Plant

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Kumar Shukla ◽  
Onkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

Gas/steam combined cycle power plants are extensively used for power generation across the world. Today’s power plant operators are persistently requesting enhancement in performance. As a result, the rigour of thermodynamic design and optimization has grown tremendously. To enhance the gas turbine thermal efficiency and specific power output, the research and development work has centered on improving firing temperature, cycle pressure ratio, adopting improved component design, cooling and combustion technologies, and advanced materials and employing integrated system (e.g. combined cycles, intercooling, recuperation, reheat, chemical recuperation). In this paper a study is conducted for combining three systems namely inlet fogging, steam injection in combustor, and film cooling of gas turbine blade for performance enhancement of gas/steam combined cycle power plant. The evaluation of the integrated effect of inlet fogging, steam injection and film cooling on the gas turbine cycle performance is undertaken here. Study involves thermodynamic modeling of gas/steam combined cycle system based on the first law of thermodynamics. The results obtained based on modeling have been presented and analyzed through graphical depiction of variations in efficiency, specific work output, cycle pressure ratio, inlet air temperature & density variation, turbine inlet temperature, specific fuel consumption etc.

Expanding Fuel Flexibility in MHPS’ Dry Low NOx Combustor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyoshi Tada ◽  
Kei Inoue ◽  
Tomo Kawakami ◽  
Keijiro Saitoh ◽  
Satoshi Tanimura
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Fuel Flexibility

Gas-turbine combined-cycle (GTCC) power generation is clean and efficient, and its demand will increase in the future from economic and social perspectives. Raising turbine inlet temperature is an effective way to increase combined cycle efficiency and contributes to global environmental conservation by reducing CO2 emissions and preventing global warming. However, increasing turbine inlet temperature can lead to the increase of NOx emissions, depletion of the ozone layer and generation of photochemical smog. To deal with this issue, MHPS (MITSUBISHI HITACHI POWER SYSTEMS) and MHI (MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES) have developed Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion techniques for high temperature gas turbines. In addition, fuel flexibility is one of the most important features for DLN combustors to meet the requirement of the gas turbine market. MHPS and MHI have demonstrated DLN combustor fuel flexibility with natural gas (NG) fuels that have a large Wobbe Index variation, a Hydrogen-NG mixture, and crude oils.

Proposal of Innovative Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Power Generation System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Moritsuka
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Power Generation System

In order to estimate the possibility to improve thermal efficiency of power generation use gas turbine combined cycle power generation system, benefits of employing the advanced gas turbine technologies proposed here have been made clear based on the recently developed 1500C-class steam cooling gas turbine and 1300C-class reheat cycle gas turbine combined cycle power generation systems. In addition, methane reforming cooling method and NO reducing catalytic reheater are proposed. Based on these findings, the Maximized efficiency Optimized Reheat cycle Innovative Gas Turbine Combined cycle (MORITC) Power Generation System with the most effective combination of advanced technologies and the new devices have been proposed. In case of the proposed reheat cycle gas turbine with pressure ratio being 55, the high pressure turbine inlet temperature being 1700C, the low pressure turbine inlet temperature being 800C, combined with the ultra super critical pressure, double reheat type heat recovery Rankine cycle, the thermal efficiency of combined cycle are expected approximately 66.7% (LHV, generator end).

Exhaust Gas Recirculation to Improve Part Load Performance on Combined Cycle Power Plants

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klas Jonshagen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Recirculation Rate ◽  
The Common

The common approach for part load operation of a combined cycle power plant is to maintain the turbine inlet temperature as high as possible without exceeding the temperature limits of the gas turbine exhaust. High part load firing temperature will give high cycle efficiency and low HC and CO emissions. The common approach is to reduce the flow by decreasing the compressor inlet flow-angle by turning the compressor variable guide vanes. This is done to control the turbine inlet temperature while the load is reduced by decreasing the fuel flow. However, using the variable guide vanes to reduce the flow renders in an offset of the compressor stage loading which has a negative impact on the efficiency. Compressors are basically volumetric flow machines and if operated on a fixed speed, a change in inlet gas density will alter the mass-flow. This means that if the inlet air is heated, the mass-flow and hence load will be reduced if turbine inlet temperature is kept constant. Thanks to the more or less maintained volume flow the compressor is operated closer to its design point and efficiency remains high. A heat exchanger, preferably with water or steam from the bottoming cycle on the hot side, would be a simple solution to heat the inlet gas. A better use of the available energy would be to semi-close the cycle by recirculating a part of the exhaust gas flow. Semi-closing the cycle means that less oxygen will be available in the combustion process and this will be one of the limiting factors for the recirculation rate. However, the fuel to air ratio decreases at part load and hence the oxygen surplus increases. Therefore, higher recirculation rates may be acceptable at part load compared to full load. The results from this thermodynamic study are very promising and show that a 40% recirculation rate can improve part load efficiency by as much as 4.1%.

scholarly journals A General Performance Model for the Open-Loop Water-Cooled Gas Turbine

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. El-Masri ◽  
Y. Kobayashi ◽  
J. F. Louis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

A thermodynamic efficiency analysis of a simple open cycle, open-loop, water-cooled gas turbine is presented. Losses due to water pumping work, mixing of water and steam with turbine gas, and heat transfer from the gas are included. To achieve generality and provide system design guidelines, the results are presented in terms of dimensionless variables. It is shown that system performance is strongly influenced by water tip exit quality. Sample calculations reveal the optimum turbine inlet temperature for different pressure ratios using typical values of the dimensionless parameters. The results are presented for two different approaches: either the tip quality is treated as a given quantity or it is calculated using a model for the channel critical heat flux. The sensitivity of the cycle efficiency to each parameter is reported. The influence of water collection on cycle efficiency is assessed.

The Performance Analysis of a Combined Power Plant Implementing Technologies for Enhancing Power and Efficiency

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumok Won ◽  
Changmin Son ◽  
Changju Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Turbine Cooling ◽  
The Difference

Combined Cycle Power (CCP) plant using Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plays a key role in electric supply including nuclear and coal power generation systems. There is growing demand for enhancing power and efficiency of existing CCP plants. Typically, the power reduction of gas turbine during summer can be recovered if gas turbine intake cooling system can be implemented in existing LNG based CCP plants. Possible approaches for power and efficiency enhancement are being widely studied in global gas turbine society. The present study aims to investigate net benefit of implementing selected technologies for enhancing power and efficiency of an existing LNG based CCP. For a comparative study, selected technologies such as (1) gas turbine intake cooling system, (2) wet cycle (steam injection), and (3) turbine cooling air precooling are implemented to Busan LNG based CCP plant, Republic of Korea. The complete CCP plant is modeled using Gatecycle and its validation against field operation data showed the differences in the generated power and efficiency at the base load condition within 0.5% and the difference in the turbine inlet temperature value less than 3%. Among the selected technologies, the wet cycle (steam injection) showed the most promising result. Its system composition is relatively simple in comparison to the other technologies. Furthermore, it is advantageous to use within a reasonable limit when higher power is required for peak demand of electric power.

Development of a Maintenance Program for Major Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Parts

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Moritsuka ◽  
Tomoharu Fujii ◽  
Takeshi Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Maintenance Schedule ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Turbine Inlet

The thermal efficiency of gas turbine combined cycle power generation plants increase significantly in accordance with turbine inlet temperature. Gas turbine combined cycle power plants operating at high turbine inlet temperature are popular as a main thermal power station among our electric power companies in Japan. Thus, gas turbine hot gas parts are working under extreme conditions which will strongly affect their lifetime as well as maintenance costs for repaired and replaced parts. To reduce the latter is of major importance to enhance cost effectiveness of the plant. This report describes a gas turbine maintenance management program of main hot gas parts (combustor chambers, transition peices, turbine 1st. stage nozzles and 1st. stage buckets) for management persons of gas turbine combined cycle power stations in order to obtain an optimal gas turbine maintenance schedule considering rotation, repair and replacement or exchange of those parts.

scholarly journals Parametric Investigation and Thermoeconomic Optimization of a Combined Cycle for Recovering the Waste Heat from Nuclear Closed Brayton Cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lihuang Luo ◽  
Hong Gao ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Economic Analyses

A combined cycle that combines AWM cycle with a nuclear closed Brayton cycle is proposed to recover the waste heat rejected from the precooler of a nuclear closed Brayton cycle in this paper. The detailed thermodynamic and economic analyses are carried out for the combined cycle. The effects of several important parameters, such as the absorber pressure, the turbine inlet pressure, the turbine inlet temperature, the ammonia mass fraction, and the ambient temperature, are investigated. The combined cycle performance is also optimized based on a multiobjective function. Compared with the closed Brayton cycle, the optimized power output and overall efficiency of the combined cycle are higher by 2.41% and 2.43%, respectively. The optimized LEC of the combined cycle is 0.73% lower than that of the closed Brayton cycle.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Power-Water Cogeneration System for Waste Heat Recovery of Gas Turbine

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Shunsen Wang ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Dual Stage

A power-water cogeneration system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (SCBC) and reverse osmosis (RO) unit is proposed and analyzed in this paper to recover the waste heat of a gas turbine. In order to improve the system performance, the power generated by SCBC is used to drive the RO unit and the waste heat of SCBC is used to preheat the feed seawater of the RO unit. In particular, a dual-stage cooler is employed to elevate the preheating temperature as much as possible. The proposed system is simulated and discussed based on the detailed thermodynamic models. According to the results of parametric analysis, the exergy efficiency of SCBC first increases and then decreases as the turbine inlet temperature and split ratio increase. The performance of the RO unit is improved as the preheating temperature rises. Finally, an optimal exergy efficiency of 52.88% can be achieved according to the single-objective optimization results.

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