Investigations of the Stabilities of Piloted Flames Using Blast Furnace Gas

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Haojie Tang ◽  
Liyue Jing ◽  
Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Flame Dynamics ◽  
Main Burner ◽  
Set Up

The effective utilization of low-grade energy sources generated from steel-making processes provides not only excellent opportunities for low cost power generation but also a significant means for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the work was carried out to study the static and dynamic combustion instabilities for gas turbine (GT) combustors burning low-calorific-value blast furnace gas (BFG). A burner was designed to stabilize the BFG flame with central pilot flames. A diagnostic system was set up to detect the characteristics of flame dynamics. In the experiments, the fuel ratio between the pilot and main burner, and the equivalence ratio of the main flame and the annular flow velocity were varied for the investigation of the combustion lean blowout (LBO) limits. The flame dynamics near LBO were investigated. The dynamic responses of the flame to flow perturbations were also measured. A network model was employed to study and validate the blowout mechanisms. The LBO limits were calculated and compared with experimental results for various equivalence ratios.

Investigations of the Stabilities of Piloted Flames Using Blast Furnace Gas

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Haojie Tang ◽  
Liyue Jing ◽  
Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Flame Dynamics ◽  
Main Burner ◽  
Set Up

The effective utilization of low-grade energy sources generated from steel-making processes provides not only excellent opportunities for low cost power generation but also a significant means for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, the work was carried out to study the static and dynamic combustion instabilities for gas turbine combustors burning low-calorific-value blast furnace gas (BFG). A burner was designed to stabilize the BFG flame with central pilot flames. A diagnostic system was set up to detect the characteristics of flame dynamics. In the experiments, the fuel ratio between the pilot and main burner and, the equivalence ratio of the main flame and the annular flow velocity were varied for the investigation of the combustion lean blowout (LBO) limits. The flame dynamics near LBO were investigated. The dynamic responses of the flame to flow perturbations were also measured. A network model was employed to study and validate the blowout mechanisms. The LBO limits were calculated and compared with experimental results for various equivalence ratios.

Repowering in Steel Works by Introducing a Blast-Furnace, Gas-Firing Gas Turbine

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muyama ◽  
H. Hiura ◽  
K. Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Steam Plant ◽  
Plant Efficiency ◽  
Steel Works

A 14-MW, high-temperature gas turbine firing extremely low-BTU, blast-furnace gas was developed and installed in a steel works of Japan as a repowering unit. Field tests proved the stable combustion up to 590 Kcal/Nm3 calorific value and plant efficiency improvement of up to 60 percent on existing steam plant. Design features and two years operational experiences are presented.

scholarly journals Modelling of flameless oxy-fuel combustion with emphasis on radiative heat transfer for low calorific value blast furnace gas

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuc Danh Nguyen ◽  
Ghassan Ghazal ◽  
Víctor Cuervo Piñera ◽  
Valerio Battaglia ◽  
Anders Rensgard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Radiative Heat Transfer ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

Energy Recovery of Blast-Furnace Gas Coke: The Importance of a Correct Regulation System

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-619
Author(s):  
D. Laforgia ◽  
F. Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Residual Pressure ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
System A

The present work deals with the regulation system of a plant recovering the energy of blast-furnace gas coke residual pressure. Such a plant is equipped with a turbogenerator, which produces electric energy, expanding the gas coke up to the mill pipe network pressure value. Before revamping, the regulation system consisted of an automatic nozzle control of a turbine stator and a throttle valve. Once the system became operative, the regulation system seemed to be inadequate because it caused a significant reduction in energy recovery due to the variation of the gas coke characteristics, compared to the original engineering specifications. A mathematical model for the plant simulation has been developed through the regulation system static and dynamic responses. This simulation, together with a series of experimental tests, identified the causes of the operational problems in the original regulation system. On the basis of the response times of the old regulation system, a value with reduced intervention inertia has been suggested. The regulation logic was also modified: The valve interventions were directly linked to the pressure variations recorded at the blast furnace top, and no longer to the opening variation of the turbine automatic system. A more rational use of the plant components and its control system, together with an increase of the electric energy production, have been demonstrated.

Development of a Capacitor Probe to Detect Subsurface Deterioration in Concrete

1997 ◽  
Vol 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Diefenderfer ◽  
I. L. Al-Qadi ◽  
J. J. Yoho ◽  
S. M. Riad ◽  
A. Loulizi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Complex Dielectric Constant ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Set Up

ABSTRACTPortland cement concrete (PCC) structures deteriorate with age and need to be maintained or replaced. Early detection of deterioration in PCC (e.g., alkali-silica reaction, freeze/thaw damage, or chloride presence) can lead to significant reductions in maintenance costs. However, it is often too late to perform low-cost preventative maintenance by the time deterioration becomes evident. By developing techniques that would enable civil engineers to evaluate PCC structures and detect deterioration at early stages (without causing further damage), optimization of life-cycle costs of the constructed facility and minimization of disturbance to the facility users can be achieved.Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods are potentially one of the most useful techniques ever developed for assessing constructed facilities. They are noninvasive and can be performed rapidly. Portland cement concrete can be nondestructively evaluated by electrically characterizing its complex dielectric constant. The real part of the dielectric constant depicts the velocity of electromagnetic waves in PCC. The imaginary part, termed the “loss factor,” describes the conductivity of PCC and the attenuation of electromagnetic waves.Dielectric properties of PCC have been investigated in a laboratory setting using a parallel plate capacitor operating in the frequency range of 0.1 to 40.1MIHz. This capacitor set-up consists of two horizontal-parallel plates with an adjustable separation for insertion of a dielectric specimen (PCC). While useful in research, this approach is not practical for field implementation. A new capacitor probe has been developed which consists of two plates, located within the same horizontal plane, for placement upon the specimen to be tested. Preliminary results show that this technique is feasible and results are promising; further testing and evaluation is currently underway.

DESIGN OF AIR PRE-HEATER FOR BLAST FURNACE GAS FIRED BOILER

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Venkateshkumar R ◽  
Kishor Kumar ◽  
Prakash B ◽  
Rahul R
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas

Fault Localization of Power-Ground Short via Signal Injection and Oscilloscope Technique

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Fault Localization ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Good Working ◽  
Signal Injection ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Short Circuit Condition

Abstract For those attempting fault isolation on computer motherboard power-ground short issues, the optimal technique should utilize existing test equipment available in the debug facility, requiring no specialty equipment as well as needing a minimum of training to use effectively. The test apparatus should be both easy to set up and easy to use. This article describes the signal injection and oscilloscope technique which meets the above requirements. The signal injection and oscilloscope technique is based on the application of Ohm's law in a short-circuit condition. Two experiments were conducted to prove the effectiveness of these techniques. Both experiments simulate a short-circuit condition on the VCC3 power rail of a good working PC motherboard and then apply the signal injection and oscilloscope technique to localize the short. The technique described is a simple, low cost and non-destructive method that helps to find the location of the power-ground short quickly and effectively.

scholarly journals Vibration characteristics of triple-gear-rotor system in compressed air energy storage under variable torque load

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042098705
Author(s):  
Xinran Wang ◽  
Yangli Zhu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Dongxu Hu ◽  
Xuehui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
System Response ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Torque Load ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Two Stages

This paper focuses on the effects of the off-design operation of CAES on the dynamic characteristics of the triple-gear-rotor system. A finite element model of the system is set up with unbalanced excitations, torque load excitations, and backlash which lead to variations of tooth contact status. An experiment is carried out to verify the accuracy of the mathematical model. The results show that when the system is subjected to large-scale torque load lifting at a high rotating speed, it has two stages of relatively strong periodicity when the torque load is light, and of chaotic when the torque load is heavy, with the transition between the two states being relatively quick and violent. The analysis of the three-dimensional acceleration spectrum and the meshing force shows that the variation in the meshing state and the fluctuation of the meshing force is the basic reasons for the variation in the system response with the torque load. In addition, the three rotors in the triple-gear-rotor system studied show a strong similarity in the meshing states and meshing force fluctuations, which result in the similarity in the dynamic responses of the three rotors.

Optimum Design for the Frame of Open Type Abrasive Flow Polish Machine

2012 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Liang Liang Yuan ◽  
Ke Hua Zhang ◽  
Li Min
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Finite Element Methods ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Set Up

In order to process heterotype hole of workpiece precisely, an open abrasive flow polish machine is designed, and the optimization design of machine frame is done for low cost. Firstly, basing on the parameters designed with traditional ways, three-dimensional force model is set up with the soft of SolidWorks. Secondly, the statics and modal analysis for machine body have been done in Finite element methods (FEM), and then the optimization analysis of machine frame has been done. At last, the model of rebuild machine frame has been built. Result shows that the deformation angle value of machine frame increased from 0.72′ to 1.001′, the natural frequency of the machine decreased from 75.549 Hz to 62.262 Hz, the weight of machine decreased by 74.178 Kg after optimization. It meets the strength, stiffness and angel stiffness requirement of machine, reduces the weight and cost of machine.

scholarly journals Innovative passive reinforcements for the gradual stabilization of a landslide according with the observational method

Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Brezzi ◽  
Alberto Bisson ◽  
Davide Pasa ◽  
Simonetta Cola
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Set Up

AbstractA large number of landslides occur in North-Eastern Italy during every rainy period due to the particular hydrogeological conditions of this area. Even if there are no casualties, the economic losses are often significant, and municipalities frequently do not have sufficient financial resources to repair the damage and stabilize all the unstable slopes. In this regard, the research for more economically sustainable solutions is a crucial challenge. Floating composite anchors are an innovative and low-cost technique set up for slope stabilization: it consists in the use of passive sub-horizontal reinforcements, obtained by coupling a traditional self-drilling bar with some tendons cemented inside it. This work concerns the application of this technique according to the observational method described within the Italian and European technical codes and mainly recommended for the design of geotechnical works, especially when performed in highly uncertain site conditions. The observational method prescribes designing an intervention and, at the same time, using a monitoring system in order to correct and adapt the project during realization of the works on the basis of new data acquired while on site. The case study is the landslide of Cischele, a medium landslide which occurred in 2010 after an exceptional heavy rainy period. In 2015, some floating composite anchors were installed to slow down the movement, even if, due to a limited budget, they were not enough to ensure the complete stabilization of the slope. Thanks to a monitoring system installed in the meantime, it is now possible to have a comparison between the site conditions before and after the intervention. This allows the evaluation of benefits achieved with the reinforcements and, at the same time, the assessment of additional improvements. Two stabilization scenarios are studied through an FE model: the first includes the stabilization system built in 2015, while the second evaluates a new solution proposed to further increase the slope stability.

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