Prototype Testing of a Centrifugal Particle Receiver for High-Temperature Concentrating Solar Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
David Trebing ◽  
Lars Amsbeck ◽  
Reiner Buck ◽  
Robert Pitz-Paal
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Input Flux ◽  
Receiver Performance ◽  
Solar Power Tower ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Solar Applications

A novel concept of a particle receiver for high-temperature solar applications was developed and evaluated in the present work. The so-called Centrifugal Particle Receiver (CentRec) uses small bauxite particles as absorber, heat transfer, and storage medium at the same time. Due to advantageous optical and thermal properties, the particles can be heated up to 1000 °C without sintering in the storage. High thermal efficiencies at high outlet temperatures are expected indicating a promising way for cost reduction in solar power tower applications. A 15kWth prototype was designed, built, and tested in order to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed concept. Extensive high flux experiments were conducted, investigating the thermal receiver performance and efficiency. For an input flux of 670 kW m−2, the target outlet temperature of 900 °C at a receiver efficiency of about 75% was successfully demonstrated.

scholarly journals Changes in Particle Size, Sedimentation, and Protein Microstructure of Ultra-High-Temperature Skim Milk Considering Plasmin Concentration and Storage Temperature

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2339
Author(s):  
So-Yul Yun ◽  
Jee-Young Imm
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Sediment Analysis ◽  
Sediment Formation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

Age gelation is a major quality defect in ultra-high-temperature (UHT) pasteurized milk during extended storage. Changes in plasmin (PL)-induced sedimentation were investigated during storage (23 °C and 37 °C, four weeks) of UHT skim milk treated with PL (2.5, 10, and 15 U/L). The increase in particle size and broadening of the particle size distribution of samples during storage were dependent on the PL concentration, storage period, and storage temperature. Sediment analysis indicated that elevated storage temperature accelerated protein sedimentation. The initial PL concentration was positively correlated with the amount of protein sediment in samples stored at 23 °C for four weeks (r = 0.615; p < 0.01), whereas this correlation was negative in samples stored at 37 °C for the same time (r = −0.358; p < 0.01) due to extensive proteolysis. SDS-PAGE revealed that whey proteins remained soluble over storage at 23 °C for four weeks, but they mostly disappeared from the soluble phase of PL-added samples after two weeks’ storage at 37 °C. Transmission electron micrographs of PL-containing UHT skim milk during storage at different temperatures supported the trend of sediment analysis well. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectra of UHT skim milk stored at 23 °C for three weeks, PL-induced particle size enlargement was due to protein aggregation and the formation of intermolecular β-sheet structures, which contributed to casein destabilization, leading to sediment formation.

Numerical Investigation of Nitrate Leakage and Migration in the Soil after Rainfall

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
Jin Hua Shan ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Jian Feng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Nitrate Salt ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Salt Layer ◽  
Thermal Power System ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Storage

Nitrate salt is important heat transfer and storage medium in solar thermal power system, but nitrate salt leakage and pollution in groundwater is seldom investigated. In this paper, the nitrate salt leakage and migration in the soil after rainfall are simulated and analyzed. During the nitrate leakage process, the liquid nitrate will solidify, and then a thin solidification layer of nitrate forms. According to the simulation result, the radius of the leakage opening mainly affects the radius of nitrate solidification layer, while the leakage velocity will influence the radius and thickness of salt layer. During the nitrate migration process after rainfall, the nitrate will gradually migrate to the groundwater, and the final migration domain of nitrate in the soil will be mainly determined by the radius of nitrate solidification layer.

Systems, data and the actuary

1991 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-293
Author(s):  
J. Roberts ◽  
N. J. Greenwood ◽  
J. D. Harsant ◽  
M. G. Sturmey
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Computer Literacy ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Open Forum ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Adequate Data

ABSTRACTThe paper was prepared by an informal working party as an introduction to an open forum discussion. It considers from several viewpoints the relationship between the actuary and the computer, both in its function as a calculating tool and as a data processing and storage medium. The paper considers in detail the requirements of the Appointed Actuary for adequate data, the problems of allocating and pricing for computer costs and the increasing uses of computer modelling in financial reporting. The place of computer literacy in actuarial education, future developments and standards are also considered.

The Effect of Various UHT Processing Parameters and Storage Conditions on the Saturated Aldehydes In Half-and-Half Cream

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. HUTCHENS ◽  
A.P. HANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Tetra Pak ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

Raw cream was standardized to 10% fat and processed by ultra-high-temperature (UHT) steam injection at 149°C for 20 s, 149°C for 3.4 s, 138°C for 20 s, and 143°C for 7 s, then aseptically packaged by a Tetra Pak AB3-250 filler. Packages were stored for 12 months at 24°C and analyzed at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Fat-soluble carbonyls were extracted from the UHT cream with carbonyl-free hexanes and converted to their 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazone derivatives. Alkanal hydrazones were separated by column chromatography into pure fractions. Spectrophotometry and gas chromatography were used to identify the alkanals. Butanal, hexanal, heptanal, nonanal, and decanal were identified and found to decrease in concentration during storage.

Conceptual Design of Small-Sized HTGR System for Steam Supply and Electricity Generation (HTR50S)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Ohashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Sato ◽  
Yujiro Tazawa ◽  
Xing L. Yan ◽  
Yukio Tachibana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
System Design ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Commercial Plant

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has started a conceptual design of a small-sized HTGR for steam supply and electricity generation (HTR50S) to deploy the high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) in developing countries at an early date (i.e., in the 2030s). Its reactor power is 50MWt and the reactor outlet temperature is 750°C. It is a first-of-kind of the commercial plant or a demonstration plant of a small-sized HTGR system for steam supply to the industries and the district heating, and electricity generation using a steam turbine. The design philosophy of the HTR50S is to upgrade the performance from the Japanese first HTGR (HTTR) and to reduce the cost for the commercialization by utilizing the knowledge obtained by the HTTR operation and the design of an advanced commercial plant of 600 MWt-class Very High Temperature Reactor (GTHTR300 series). The major specifications of the HTR50S were determined based on its design philosophy. And the targets of the technology demonstration using the HTR50S for the future commercial small-sized HTGR were identified. The system design of HTR50S was performed to offer the capability of electricity generation, cogeneration of electricity and steam for a district heating and industries. The market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries was evaluated for the application of the electricity, process heat, district heating and pure water production. It was confirmed that there is enough market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries. This paper described the major specification and system design of the HTR50S and the market potential for the small-sized HTGR in the developing countries.

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