A Novel Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing Technique for Fabricating Laminated Polymer Nanocomposite Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayson C. Spackman ◽  
Kyle C. Picha ◽  
Garrett J. Gross ◽  
James F. Nowak ◽  
Philip J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
Nanocomposite Structures

The objective of this research is to develop a novel, multimaterial additive manufacturing technique for fabricating laminated polymer nanocomposite structures that have characteristic length-scales in the tens of millimeters range. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technology presented in this paper combines the conventional inkjet-based printing of ultraviolet (UV) curable polymers with the deposition of either aligned or random nanoscale fiber mats, in between each printed layer. The fibers are first generated using an electrospinning process that produces the roll of fibers. These fibers are then transferred to the part being manufactured using a stamping operation. The process has been proven to manufacture multimaterial laminated nanocomposites having different 3D geometries. The dimensional accuracy of the parts is seen to be a function of the interaction between the different UV-curable polymer inks. In general, the addition of the nanofibers in the form of laminates is seen to improve the mechanical properties of the material, with the Young’s modulus and the ultimate breaking stress showing the most improvement. The pinning and deflection of microcracks by the nanoscale fiber mats has been identified to be the underlying mechanism responsible for these improved mechanical properties. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals that these improvements in the mechanical properties are obtained without drastically altering the thermal degradation pattern of the base polymer.

A Novel Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing Technique for Fabricating Laminated Polymer Nanocomposite Structures

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayson Spackman ◽  
Kyle Picha ◽  
Garrett G. Gross ◽  
James F. Nowak ◽  
Phil J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
Nano Scale

The objective of this research is to develop a novel, multi-material additive manufacturing technique for fabricating laminated polymer nancomposite structures that have characteristic length-scales in the tens of millimeters range. The 3D printing technology presented in this paper combines the conventional inkjet-based printing of ultraviolet (UV) curable polymers with the deposition of either aligned or random nano-scale fiber mats, in between each printed layer. The fibers are first generated using an electrospinning process that produces the roll of fibers. These fibers are then transferred to the part being manufactured using a stamping operation. The process has been proven to manufacture multi-material laminated nanocomposites having different 3D geometries. The dimensional accuracy of the parts is seen to be a function of the interaction between the different UV-curable polymer inks. In general, the addition of the nanofibers in the form of laminates is seen to improve the mechanical properties of the material, with the Young’s modulus and the ultimate breaking stress showing the most improvement. The pinning and deflection of micro-cracks by the nano-scale fiber mats has been identified to be the underlying mechanism responsible for these improved mechanical properties. The thermogravimetric analysis reveals that these improvements in the mechanical properties are obtained without drastically altering the thermal degradation pattern of the base polymer.

Printing of Microscale Nanotwinned Copper Interconnections Using Localized Pulsed Electrodeposition (L-PED)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Behroozfar ◽  
Soheil Daryadel ◽  
S. Reza Morsali ◽  
Rodrigo A. Bernal ◽  
Majid Minary-Jolandan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
Conductive Substrate ◽  
Pulsed Electrodeposition

Nanotwinned (nt) metals exhibit superior electrical and mechanical properties compared to their coarse-grained and nano-grained counterparts. They have a unique microstructure with grains that contain layered nanoscale twins divided by coherent twin boundaries (TBs). Since nanotwinned metals have low electrical resistivity and high resistance to electromigration, they are ideal materials for making nanowires, interconnections and switches. In this paper we show the possibility of making nanotwinned copper interconnections on a non-conductive substrate using a novel additive manufacturing technique called L-PED. Through this approach, microscale interconnections can be directly printed on the substrate in environmental conditions and without post processing.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds Using PolyJet and Stereolithography Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7336
Author(s):  
Shummaila Rasheed ◽  
Waqas Akbar Lughmani ◽  
Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi ◽  
Dermot Brabazon ◽  
Inam Ul Ahad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Printing Techniques

In this study, the printing capability of two different additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques, namely PolyJet and micro-stereolithography (µSLA), are investigated regarding the fabrication of bone scaffolds. The 3D-printed scaffold structures are used as supports in replacing and repairing fractured bone tissue. Printed bone scaffolds with complex structures produced using additive manufacturing technology can mimic the mechanical properties of natural human bone, providing lightweight structures with modifiable porosity levels. In this study, 3D scaffold structures are designed with different combinations of architectural parameters. The dimensional accuracy, permeability, and mechanical properties of complex 3D-printed scaffold structures are analyzed to compare the advantages and drawbacks associated with the two techniques. The fluid flow rates through the 3D-printed scaffold structures are measured and Darcy’s law is applied to calculate the experimentally measured permeability. The Kozeny–Carman equation is applied for theoretical calculation of permeability. Compression tests were performed on the printed samples to observe the effects of the printing techniques on the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed scaffold structures. The effect of the printing direction on the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed scaffold structures is also analyzed. The scaffold structures printed with the µSLA printer demonstrate higher permeability and mechanical properties as compared to those printed using the PolyJet technique. It is demonstrated that both the µSLA and PolyJet printing techniques can be used to print 3D scaffold structures with controlled porosity levels, providing permeability in a similar range to human bone.

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Novel Aluminum Based Nanocomposite Parts: Tailored Forming of Multiple Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Gu ◽  
Hongqiao Wang ◽  
Donghua Dai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Multiple Materials ◽  
Depth Relationship ◽  
Tailored Forming

The present study has proved the feasibility to produce the bulk-form TiC/AlSi10Mg nanocomposite parts with the novel reinforcing morphology and enhanced mechanical properties by selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing (AM) process. The influence of linear laser energy density (η) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance (e.g., densification level, microhardness, wear and tribological properties) of the SLM-processed TiC/AlSi10Mg nanocomposite parts was comprehensively studied, in order to establish an in-depth relationship between SLM process, microstructures, and mechanical performance. It showed that the TiC reinforcement in the SLM-processed TiC/AlSi10Mg nanocomposites experienced an interesting microstructural evolution with the increase of the applied η. At an elevated η above 600 J/m, a novel regularly distributed ring structure of nanoscale TiC reinforcement was tailored in the matrix due to the unique metallurgical behavior of the molten pool induced by the operation of Marangoni flow. The near fully dense TiC/AlSi10Mg nanocomposite parts (>98.5% theoretical density (TD)) with the formation of ring-structured reinforcement demonstrated outstanding mechanical properties. The dimensional accuracy of SLM-processed parts well met the demand of industrial application with the shrinkage rates of 1.24%, 1.50%, and 1.72% in X, Y, and Z directions, respectively, with the increase of η to 800 J/m. A maximum microhardness of 184.7 HV0.1 was obtained for SLM-processed TiC/AlSi10Mg nanocomposites, showing more than 20% enhancement as compared with SLM-processed unreinforced AlSi10Mg part. The high densification response combined with novel reinforcement of SLM-processed TiC/AlSi10Mg nanocomposite parts also led to the considerably low coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.28 and wear rate of 2.73 × 10−5 mm3 · N−1 · m−1. The present work accordingly provides a fundamental understanding of the tailored forming of lightweight multiple nanocomposite materials system by laser AM.

Fracture Mechanisms in High-Cycle Fatigue of Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Simonelli ◽  
Y.Y. Tse ◽  
C. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Manufacturing Technique ◽  
Metal Additive

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an attractive metal additive manufacturing technique that can create functional finished components. The microstructure that originates from SLM, however, differs in many aspects from that obtained from conventional manufacturing. In addition, the microstructure-mechanical properties relationship is not yet fully understood. In this research, the high-cycle fatigue performance of SLM Ti-6Al-4V was studied. The dominant fracture mechanisms were reported and discussed in relation to the microstructure of the specimens.

Mechanical properties of HA@Ag/PLA nanocomposite structures prepared by extrusion-based additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 104455
Author(s):  
Saeed Sharifi Sharifabad ◽  
Hamed Aghajani Derazkola ◽  
Mehri Esfandyar ◽  
Majid Elyasi ◽  
Farzad Khodabakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Nanocomposite Structures

scholarly journals Effects of Polypropylene Fibers on the Mechanical Performance of a 3D Printable Mix

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Ankit Pal ◽  
A.K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Manufacturing Technique

Application of automation in construction work has now become need of the hour. Automation in construction work can be done by implementing a technique known as additive manufacturing technique. Use of additive manufacturing in construction sector has the potential to bring fourth industrial revolution by using 3D concrete printers. This paper is based ona parametric experimental study to evaluate the effect of Polypropylene (PP) fibers on mechanical properties of a 3D printable concrete. PP fibers were used invaryingpercentage ratio of 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12 and 0.16 of binder at constant W/B ratio.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of PLA-Based Composites Using Fused Filament Fabrication: Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforcement on Mechanical Properties, Dimensional Accuracy and Texture

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Caminero ◽  
Jesús Chacón ◽  
Eustaquio García-Plaza ◽  
Pedro Núñez ◽  
José Reverte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
General Terms ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Composite Samples

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology due to its ability to build thermoplastics parts with advantages in the design and optimization of models with complex geometries, great design flexibility, recyclability and low material waste. This technique has been extensively used for the manufacturing of conceptual prototypes rather than functional components due to the limited mechanical properties of pure thermoplastics parts. In order to improve the mechanical performance of 3D printed parts based on polymeric materials, reinforcements including nanoparticles, short or continuous fibers and other additives have been adopted. The addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) to plastic and polymers is currently under investigation as a promising method to improve their working conditions due to the good mechanical, electrical and thermal performance exhibited by graphene. Although research shows particularly promising improvement in thermal and electrical conductivities of graphene-based nanocomposites, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of graphene nanoplatelet reinforcement on the mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy and surface texture of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) structures manufactured by a desktop 3D printer. The effect of build orientation was also analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of failure samples were evaluated to determine the effects of process parameters on failure modes. It was observed that PLA-Graphene composite samples showed, in general terms, the best performance in terms of tensile and flexural stress, particularly in the case of upright orientation (about 1.5 and 1.7 times higher than PLA and PLA 3D850 samples, respectively). In addition, PLA-Graphene composite samples showed the highest interlaminar shear strength (about 1.2 times higher than PLA and PLA 3D850 samples). However, the addition of GNPs tended to reduce the impact strength of the PLA-Graphene composite samples (PLA and PLA 3D850 samples exhibited an impact strength about 1.2–1.3 times higher than PLA-Graphene composites). Furthermore, the addition of graphene nanoplatelets did not affect, in general terms, the dimensional accuracy of the PLA-Graphene composite specimens. In addition, PLA-Graphene composite samples showed, in overall terms, the best performance in terms of surface texture, particularly when parts were printed in flat and on-edge orientations. The promising results in the present study prove the feasibility of 3D printed PLA-graphene composites for potential use in different applications such as biomedical engineering.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПАРАМЕТРІВ АДИТИВНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА НА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ВИРОБІВ З ФОТОПОЛІМЕРУ

2022 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDR SLIEPTSOV ◽  
RUSLAN ISKANDAROV ◽  
IGOR SLIEPTSOV ◽  
VYACHESLAV KOBZA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Forming Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

Purpose. Study of the influence of additive manufacturing parameters and post forming operations on complex mechanical properties of the articles formed from UV curable acrylic oligomer. Methodology. Determination of physical and mechanical properties of standard samples which was formed by additive manufacturing technics from UV curable polymer. Tensile strength and relative elongation at brake according to ISO 527-2:2012, impact strength according to: ISO 179-1:2010. Durometer hardness according to:ISO 2039-1:2001. Bending modulus according to: ISO 178:2010. Density according to: ISO 1183-1:2019Findings. Additive manufacturing parameters for stereolithography process was studied for liquid UV curable acrylic oligomer. Study was focused on influence of forming settings and post forming treatment of complex mechanical properties of final articles which was shaped as standard testing samples. Properties of additive manufactured samples was compared with the properties of samples which was cured by UV light is bulk inside shaped cavity with the same geometrical dimensions. Correct post forming treatment results in up to 2 – 3 times increase in tensile strength. Post forming treatment is necessary for achieving functional level of mechanical properties, comparable to the properties of typical industrial polymers. Study of influence of UV light exposure during additive manufacturing shows double fold increase in tensile strength but reduce overall forming speed. Impact strength increase with increasing exposure time and significantly increase with duration of post forming treatment. Post treatment operations with correct parameters can result in forming articles with level of properties sufficient for functional applications. Originality. Study was focused on mechanical properties of UV curable polymer in dependence from forming parameters of additive manufacturing process and post treatment operations. Application of correct post forming setting can lead to material properties with valuable for functional applications.Practical value Optimal parameters for additive manufacturing process based on UV curable resin and LCD exposure technology was investigated. Forming and post forming parameters significantly influence complex mechanical properties of formed articles.

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