Self-Contained Image Recalibration in a Scanning Fiber Endoscope Using Piezoelectric Sensing

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Yeoh ◽  
P. G. Reinhall ◽  
M. C. Berg ◽  
E. J. Seibel
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Calibration Chamber ◽  
Scanning Fiber Endoscope ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Optical Calibration ◽  
Scanning Fiber

The scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) is a new ultrathin (1.2 mm diameter) medical imaging device that utilizes a unique mechanical scanning technique to image large (120 deg) fields of view (FOVs). A single 80 μm optical fiber is circularly vibrated by a piezo-electric tube to illuminate a field while the reflected light is collected to construct an image pixel-by-pixel. Accurate scanning of the optical fiber is paramount to image quality. Previously, an optical calibration chamber in the base station was used to calibrate the scanning of the optical fiber. This analytical and experimental work eliminates the use of the calibration chamber by implementing a new piezoelectric sensing approach enabling self-contained recalibration to maintain high-image quality during long medical procedures and also reducing the cost, size, and power consumption of the SFE. This work provides a major step toward self-calibration through adaptive control without additional sensors.

scholarly journals An Electro-Thermal Actuation Method for Resonance Vibration of a Miniaturized Optical-Fiber Scanner for Future Scanning Fiber Endoscope Design

Actuators ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydin Aghajanzadeh Ahrabi ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Yasong Li ◽  
Pierre Lane ◽  
Carlo Menon
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tube Diameter ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Thermal Excitation ◽  
Transthoracic Needle Biopsy ◽  
Scanning Fiber Endoscope ◽  
Scanning Fiber ◽  
Insertion Tube

Medical professionals increasingly rely on endoscopes to carry out many minimally invasive procedures on patients to safely examine, diagnose, and treat a large variety of conditions. However, their insertion tube diameter dictates which passages of the body they can be inserted into and, consequently, what organs they can access. For inaccessible areas and organs, patients often undergo invasive and risky procedures—diagnostic confirmation of peripheral lung nodules via transthoracic needle biopsy is one example from oncology. Hence, this work sets out to present an optical-fiber scanner for a scanning fiber endoscope design that has an insertion tube diameter of about 0.5 mm, small enough to be inserted into the smallest airways of the lung. To attain this goal, a novel approach based on resonance thermal excitation of a single-mode 0.01-mm-diameter fiber-optic cantilever oscillating at 2–4 kHz is proposed. The small size of the electro-thermal actuator enables miniaturization of the insertion tube. Lateral free-end deflection of the cantilever is used as a benchmark for evaluating performance. Experimental results show that the cantilever can achieve over 0.2 mm of displacement at its free end. The experimental results also support finite element simulation models which can be used for future design iterations of the endoscope.

Method to Achieve High Frame Rates in a Scanning Fiber Endoscope

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Kundrat ◽  
Per G. Reinhall ◽  
Eric J. Seibel
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Endoscopy ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Velocity Imaging ◽  
Time To Build ◽  
Image Center ◽  
Scanning Fiber Endoscope ◽  
Scanning Fiber

A new and miniature imaging device is being developed to allow flexible endoscopy in regions of the body that are difficult to reach. The scanning fiber endoscope employs a single scanning optical fiber to illuminate a target area, while backscattered light is detected one pixel at a time to build a complete image. During each imaging cycle the fiber is driven outward in a spiral pattern from its resting state at the image center to the outer fringe of the image. At this point, the fiber is quickly driven back to its initial position before acquiring a subsequent frame. This work shortens the time between successive images to achieve higher overall frame rates by applying a carefully timed input, which counteracts the tip motion of the scanning fiber, quickly forcing the scanning fiber to the image center. This input is called motion braking and is a square wave function dependent upon the damped natural frequency of the scanning fiber and the instantaneous tip displacement and velocity. Imaging efficiency of the scanning fiber endoscope was increased from 75–89% with this implementation.

scholarly journals Scanning Fiber Endoscope Improves Detection of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid–Induced Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence at the Boundary of Infiltrative Glioma

2018 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. e51-e69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenii Belykh ◽  
Eric J. Miller ◽  
Danying Hu ◽  
Nikolay L. Martirosyan ◽  
Eric C. Woolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Scanning Fiber Endoscope ◽  
Scanning Fiber

Performance Analysis of Low Complexity Multiuser Scheduling Algorithms in MIMO System

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 867-871
Author(s):  
Ming Xia Lv ◽  
Yan Kun Lai ◽  
Dong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Mimo System ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
User Scheduling ◽  
Sum Capacity ◽  
Multiuser Scheduling ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Algorithms

The total throughput of the communication system can be maximized by allocating the common radio resource to the user or the user group having the best channel quality at a given time and the multiuser diversity gain can be obtained when multiple users share the same channel at one time. The object to select the users is to select the users with the maximum sum capacity. As for a scheduling algorithm, exhaustive algorithm can get the largest capability of the system by multi-user scheduling. However, this algorithm is quite complex hence the cost of operation to a base station has substantial increased. We compare the multiuser performance of two fast user selection algorithms with low complexity in MIMO-MRC systems with co-channel interferences. From the simulation results, these two algorithms not only decrease the computational complexity of the scheduling algorithm but also retain large capability of the MIMO system.

A review on mmWave based energy efficient RoF system for next generation mobile communication and broadband systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shelly Singla ◽  
Varun Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mobile Station ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Efficient System

Abstract In today’s scenario, wireless communication is turning into a decisive and leading backbone to access the worldwide network. Therefore, the usage of mobile phones and broadband is rising staggeringly. To satisfy their expulsive needs, it demands increment in data rates while providing higher bandwidth and utilizing optical fiber in wireless communication, and this becomes a worldwide analysis area. Radio over fiber (RoF) system is taken into account as best solution to fulfill these needs. In RoF system, the radio frequency signal operated at millimeter wave (30–300 GHz) is centralized and processed at control station (CS) and also, the CS upconverts this electrical signal to optical domain. By employing optical fiber link, this signal reaches to base station (BS). Then, the received optical signal converts back to electrical domain at the respective BS. Now BS radiates the electrical signal to corresponding mobile station (MS) in commission with the millimeter wave frequency bands. This RoF system is providing massive bandwidth, facilitating large mobility for RF frequency signals, small loss, fast and cost effective setup, wonderful security, and unlicensed spectrum etc. The RoF system introduces microcells structure for BS cells to boost the frequency reuse and needed capacity. It has benefits in terms of ability to fulfill increasing bandwidth demands to cut back the power consumption and the dimensions of the handset devices. This paper firstly explains the overview of existing wireless mobile communication and broadband systems and then, targets the review of RoF system which will become energy efficient system for next generation mobile communication and future broadband systems. This paper also includes the performance degradation and evaluation parameters. Finally, this paper presents the various research opportunities for its implementation zone.

Cooperative Communication System Architectures for Cellular Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 522-547
Author(s):  
Mischa Dohler ◽  
Djamal-Eddine Meddour ◽  
Sidi-Mohammed Senouci ◽  
Hassnaa Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Cooperative Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Coverage Problems ◽  
The Cost

An ever-growing demand for higher data-rates has facilitated the growth of wireless networks in the past decades. These networks, however, are known to exhibit capacity and coverage problems, hence jeopardizing the promised quality of service towards the end-user. To overcome these problems, prohibitive investment costs in terms of base station or access point rollouts would be required if traditional, non-scalable, cell-splitting, and micro-cell capacity dimension procedures were applied. The prime aim of current R&D initiatives is, hence, to develop innovative network solutions that decrease the cost per bit/s/Hz over the wireless link. To this end, cooperative networks have emerged as an efficient and promising solution. We discuss in this chapter some key research and deployment issues, with emphasis on cooperative architectures, networking, and security solutions. We expose some motivations to use such networks, as well as latest state-of-the-art developments, open research challenges, and business models.

Placement of Relay Stations in WiMAX Network Using Glowworm Swarm Optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-67
Author(s):  
Sangeetha J ◽  
Keerthiraj Nagaraj ◽  
Ram Prakash Rustagi ◽  
Balasubramanya Murthy K N
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Region ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Hardware Complexity ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Wimax Networks ◽  
Glowworm Swarm Optimization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The Relay Station (RS) deployment problem for WiMAX networks is studied. Unlike Base Station (BS), RS does not need a wire-line backhaul and has much lower hardware complexity. Hence, usage of RSs can significantly minimize the deployment cost and maximize the network coverage of the system. To solve the RS deployment problem, the authors have used a nature inspired technique known as Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO). Different cases have been considered for a single fixed BS, to find the feasible number of RSs and its optimal placement in WiMAX networks. Computational experiments are conducted to show the effect of RS deployments in different distribution scenarios. This article also shows the impact of placing RSs at optimal locations to serve given Mobile Stations (MSs) that are distributed arbitrarily in a given geographic region such that the cost is minimized, and the network coverage is maximized. The results obtained from the GSO algorithm are compared with k-means algorithm and it is observed that GSO performs better than k-means algorithm.

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