Ballooning Deformation of Zircaloy-4 Fuel Sheath

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Kaleem Khan ◽  
Manabendra Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Clad Tube ◽  
Internal Pressures

In this paper, both experimental and analytical investigations have been conducted to investigate the fuel sheath (also known as clad tube) ballooning deformation and subsequent bursting. The work has been performed to simulate ballooning deformation of fuel sheaths under different heating rates and internal pressures in an inert atmosphere. An experimental setup has been designed to capture the temperature, pressure, and wall displacement data during the ballooning deformation of the sheath specimen. Also, a computer code in MATLAB has been developed to compute the stresses and strains at the ballooning site of the fuel sheath. The developed model has been validated with present and past experimental studies. A parametric study has also been conducted to study the effect of internal pressure, heating rate, and sheath dimensions on hoop or circumferential strain.

Stress Analysis of Reinforced Nozzle-Cylindrical Shell Intersection Under Internal Pressure or Nozzle Radial Thermal Expansion

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Kuo ◽  
T. Y. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Internal Pressures ◽  
Pressurized Cylinder ◽  
Insert Plate

Two normally intersecting cylinders under different internal pressures in each of the cylinders is solved analytically. The inclusion of nozzle fillet, insert plate and inner nozzle broadens the applicability of this analytical method in the design and analysis of pressurized cylinder-to-cylinder intersection. The current numerical solution scheme has been incorporated in the computer code NUTSHELL. Comparisons of NUTSHELL solutions and experimental or finite element results have also been presented.

Computational and experimental studies of the strength of full-scale samples of pipes with defects "metal loss" and "dent with groove"

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Neganov ◽  
◽  
Victor M. Varshitsky ◽  
Andrey A. Belkin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Sufficient Stability ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
The Moment

The article contains the comparative results of the experimental and calculated research of the strength of a pipeline with such defects as “metal loss” and “dent with groove”. Two coils with diameter of 820 mm and the thickness of 9 mm of 19G steel were used for full-scale pipe sample production. One of the coils was intentionally damaged by machining, which resulted in “metal loss” defect, the other one was dented (by press machine) and got groove mark (by chisel). The testing of pipe samples was performed by applying static internal pressure to the moment of collapse. The calculation of deterioration pressure was carried out with the use of national and foreign methodical approaches. The calculated values of collapsing pressure for the pipe with loss of metal mainly coincided with the calculation experiment results based on Russian method and ASME B31G. In case of pipe with dent and groove the calculated value of collapsing pressure demonstrated greater coincidence with Russian method and to a lesser extent with API 579/ASME FFS-1. In whole, all calculation methods demonstrate sufficient stability of results, which provides reliable operation of pipelines with defects.

Thermo-catalytic decomposition of polystyrene waste: Comparative analysis using different kinetic models

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Ali ◽  
Jan Nisar ◽  
Munawar Iqbal ◽  
Afzal Shah ◽  
Mazhar Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Model Free

Due to a huge increase in polymer production, a tremendous increase in municipal solid waste is observed. Every year the existing landfills for disposal of waste polymers decrease and the effective recycling techniques for waste polymers are getting more and more important. In this work pyrolysis of waste polystyrene was performed in the presence of a laboratory synthesized copper oxide. The samples were pyrolyzed at different heating rates that is, 5°Cmin−1, 10°Cmin−1, 15°Cmin−1 and 20°Cmin−1 in a thermogravimetric analyzer in inert atmosphere using nitrogen. Thermogravimetric data were interpreted using various model fitting (Coats–Redfern) and model free methods (Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and Friedman). Thermodynamic parameters for the reaction were also determined. The activation energy calculated applying Coats–Redfern, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and Friedman models were found in the ranges 105–148.48 kJmol−1, 99.41–140.52 kJmol−1, 103.67–149.15 kJmol−1 and 99.93–141.25 kJmol−1, respectively. The lowest activation energy for polystyrene degradation in the presence of copper oxide indicates the suitability of catalyst for the decomposition reaction to take place at lower temperature. Moreover, the obtained kinetics and thermodynamic parameters would be very helpful in determining the reaction mechanism of the solid waste in a real system.

Circumferential Creep Strain of Cylinders Subjected to Internal Pressure: A Comparison of the Theories of Johnson and Bailey

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Larke ◽  
R. J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Creep Strain ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Integration Procedure ◽  
Graphical Integration ◽  
Simple Equations

When considering the creep of cylinders subjected to internal pressure, the theory of Johnson et al. takes into account progressive changes of radial, circumferential and axial stress at any point in the wall thickness. This approach differs from that put forward by Bailey, who assumed that these stresses remained constant with time. The present paper summarizes an examination of both theories, with particular reference to outside and bore diameters, and presents simple equations which enable circumferential strain to be calculated without using the complex graphical integration procedure suggested by Johnson. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that these equations are mathematically identical with those derived by Bailey.

The Engineering Characteristics of Snow Skis—Part 1: Static Bending and Torsional Characteristics

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Deak ◽  
J. Jorgensen ◽  
J. Vagners
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Engineering Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Geometric Arrangements

This paper presents the results of analytical and experimental studies of static bending and torsional characteristics of snow skis. The purpose of the work is to develop analytical and experimental techniques that would be useful to the ski designer who must continually explore the applicability of new materials and geometric arrangements to snow ski construction. A brief review of composite shallow beam theory is presented in a form directly applicable to ski analysis. The experimental setup to verify the analytical results is described.

The Revised Universal Slope Method to Predict the Low-Cycle Fatigue Lives of Elbow and Tee Pipes

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiun Nagamori ◽  
Koji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Slope Method ◽  
Stress States

The stress states of elbow and tee pipes are complex and different from those of straight pipes. The low-cycle fatigue lives of elbows and tees cannot be predicted by Manson's universal slope method; however, a revised universal method proposed by Takahashi et al. was able to predict with high accuracy the low-cycle fatigue lives of elbows under combined cyclic bending and internal pressure. The objective of this study was to confirm the validity of the revised universal slope method for the prediction of low-cycle fatigue behaviors of elbows and tees of various shapes and dimensions under conditions of in-plane bending and internal pressure. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to simulate the low-cycle fatigue behaviors observed in previous experimental studies of elbows and tees. The low-cycle fatigue behaviors, such as the area of crack initiation, the direction of crack growth, and the fatigue lives, obtained by the analysis were compared with previously obtained experimental data. Based on this comparison, the revised universal slope method was found to accurately predict the low-cycle fatigue behaviors of elbows and tees under internal pressure conditions regardless of differences in shape and dimensions.

Inelastic seismic shear amplification due to higher mode effects in reinforced concrete coupled walls

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110533
Author(s):  
Gabriel Rivard ◽  
Steeve Ambroise ◽  
Patrick Paultre
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Coupled Walls ◽  
Seismic Shear

Recent numerical and experimental studies on reinforced concrete shear walls and coupled walls have shown shear forces greater than expected when the walls are subjected to earthquakes at an intensity level that does not exceed the design values. This amplification of shear forces is attributable to the effects of higher modes after the walls develop a plastic hinge at the base. These effects have been recently recognized in North American design codes for cantilever walls and is currently neglected in the design of ductile coupled walls. As part of the research program described in this article, a parametric study was carried out on coupled wall systems to identify the geometric and physical parameters having the greatest influence on the seismic shear amplification. Using the results of this parametric study, an extensive numerical study was conducted on classes of ductile coupled walls subjected to seismic excitation representative of Western and Eastern Canada. This extensive study led to the establishment of shear amplification prediction equations for use in building codes.

scholarly journals Six ‘Must-Have’ Minerals for Life’s Emergence: Olivine, Pyrrhotite, Bridgmanite, Serpentine, Fougerite and Mackinawite

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Michael Russell ◽  
Adrian Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Extraterrestrial Life ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Dissipative Processes ◽  
Planetary Bodies ◽  
Internal Pressures

Life cannot emerge on a planet or moon without the appropriate electrochemical disequilibria and the minerals that mediate energy-dissipative processes. Here, it is argued that four minerals, olivine ([Mg>Fe]2SiO4), bridgmanite ([Mg,Fe]SiO3), serpentine ([Mg,Fe,]2-3Si2O5[OH)]4), and pyrrhotite (Fe(1−x)S), are an essential requirement in planetary bodies to produce such disequilibria and, thereby, life. Yet only two minerals, fougerite ([Fe2+6xFe3+6(x−1)O12H2(7−3x)]2+·[(CO2−)·3H2O]2−) and mackinawite (Fe[Ni]S), are vital—comprising precipitate membranes—as initial “free energy” conductors and converters of such disequilibria, i.e., as the initiators of a CO2-reducing metabolism. The fact that wet and rocky bodies in the solar system much smaller than Earth or Venus do not reach the internal pressure (≥23 GPa) requirements in their mantles sufficient for producing bridgmanite and, therefore, are too reduced to stabilize and emit CO2—the staple of life—may explain the apparent absence or negligible concentrations of that gas on these bodies, and thereby serves as a constraint in the search for extraterrestrial life. The astrobiological challenge then is to search for worlds that (i) are large enough to generate internal pressures such as to produce bridgmanite or (ii) boast electron acceptors, including imported CO2, from extraterrestrial sources in their hydrospheres.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of a gel fuel combustion process initiated by a hot particle

2018 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 00025
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Nigay ◽  
Dmitriy Glushkov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Ignition Delay Times ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Experimental studies were performed for crude oil-based fuel samples. The initial temperature of the samples varied down to 120 K. Ignition was performed by single metal particles of various shapes and temperatures, which reached 1350 K. A specially developed experimental setup allowed recording of the proceeding processes at a high speed. As a result, the characteristics of physical and chemical processes were analysed. Conditions necessary for stable ignition and ignition delay times were determined depending on various conditions.

Buckling Strength of Pressurized Cylindrical Shells under Axial Compression

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1750-1753
Author(s):  
Yu Chao Zheng ◽  
Yang Yan ◽  
Pei Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Steel Shell ◽  
Plastic Buckling ◽  
Buckling Strength ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Steel Strength

A systematic parametric study was carried out to investigate the elastic and elastic-plastic buckling behaviors of imperfect steel shell subject to axial compression and internal pressure. Studied parameters include the magnitude of internal pressure, steel strength, and ratio of cylinder radius to shell thickness. Design equations were proposed for calculating the elastic and elastic-plastic buckling strength of imperfect steel shells under combination of axial compression and internal pressure. The buckling strength predicated by proposed equations agrees well with that from the numerical simulation.

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