Mass Fraction Measurements in Controlled Oil-Water Flows Using Noninvasive Ultrasonic Sensors

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Chaudhuri ◽  
Dipen N. Sinha ◽  
Abhijit Zalte ◽  
Eduardo Pereyra ◽  
Charles Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Acoustic Method ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Fluid Mixture ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Controlled Flow ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Controlled flow rate tests using mixtures of crude oil and water at different mass fractions were carried out in a flow loop at the University of Tulsa. A noninvasive acoustic method developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was applied to calculate the mass and volume fractions of oil and water in the mixed two-phase flow by measuring the speed of sound through the composite fluid mixture along with the instantaneous temperature. The densities and sound speeds in each fluid component were obtained in advance for calibration at various temperatures, and the fitting coefficients were used in the final algorithm. In this paper, we present composition measurement results using the acoustic technique from LANL for different mixture ratios of crude oil and water and at varying flow rates and a comparison of the results from the acoustics-based method with those from Coriolis meters that measured individual mass flow rates prior to mixing. The mean difference between the two metering techniques was observed to be less than 1.4% by weight and is dependent on the total flow rates. A Monte Carlo analysis of the error due to calibration uncertainty has also been included.

Experimental Investigation on Hydrodynamics of Two-Phase Crude Oil Flow in Horizontal Pipe With Novel Surfactant

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manojkumar Gudala ◽  
Shirsendu Banerjee ◽  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
T. Rama Mohan Rao ◽  
Ajay Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Entry Length ◽  
Natural Surfactant ◽  
Region Length

The hydrodynamic entrance length, pressure drop analysis, viscosity, and fully developed velocity profile in horizontal pipe for crude oil with and without water and surfactant were studied in a 2 in ID horizontal pipe of length 2.5 m experimentally. Hydrodynamic entry length and fluid characteristics have been examined by varying temperature, water fraction, and flow rates. Temperature was varied by 25–40 °C, flow rates 40–60 LPM, and water 0–15% v/v and Madhuca longifolia from 500 to 2000 ppm. Triton X-100 was mixed with water to increase the emulsion capability during crude oil–water flows. The results showed significant influence of water, flow rate, and temperature on the hydrodynamic entry region length, pressure drop, viscosity, and velocity profiles along with natural surfactant. Pressure drop was reduced by 93.75%, 94.18%, and 93.02% with 15% water and 2000 ppm surfactant at 40 °C for 40 LPM, 50 LPM, and 60 LPM, respectively. Viscosity of the crude oil during flowing is greatly influenced by water and addition of surfactant. After addition of 2000 ppm surfactant and 15% water at 40 °C, viscosity reduced by about 94%. Hydrodynamic entry region length increased from 0.0354 to 0.2014 m, 0.0368 to 0.2336 m, and 0.0384 to 0.2641 m during transportation of crude oil after addition of 2000 ppm surfactant and 15% water at 40 °C for 40 LPM, 50 LPM, and 60 LPM flow, respectively.

The effect of two-phase flow regime on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a horizontal-tube gas-liquid reactor

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Zahn ◽  
Lothar Ebner ◽  
Kurt Winkler ◽  
Jan Kratochvíl ◽  
Jindřich Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Horizontal Tube ◽  
Liquid Holdup ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Type Relation ◽  
Good Agreement

The effect of two-phase flow regime on decisive hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of horizontal-tube gas-liquid reactors (pressure drop, liquid holdup, kLaL) was determined in a cocurrent-flow experimental unit of the length 4.15 m and diameter 0.05 m with air-water system. An adjustable-height weir was installed in the separation chamber at the reactor outlet to simulate the effect of internal baffles on reactor hydrodynamics. Flow regime maps were developed in the whole range of experimental gas and liquid flow rates both for the weirless arrangement and for the weir height 0.05 m, the former being in good agreement with flow-pattern boundaries presented by Mandhane. In the whole range of experi-mental conditions pressure drop data could be well correlated as a function of gas and liquid flow rates by an empirical exponential-type relation with specific sets of coefficients obtained for individual flow regimes from experimental data. Good agreement was observed between values of pressure drop obtained for weirless arrangement and data calculated from the Lockhart-Martinelli correlation while the contribution of weir to the overall pressure drop was well described by a relation proposed for the pressure loss in closed-end tubes. In the region of negligible weir influence values of liquid holdup were again succesfully correlated by the Lockhart-Martinelli relation while the dependence of liquid holdup data on gas and liquid flow rates obtained under conditions of significant weir effect (i.e. at low flow rates of both phases) could be well described by an empirical exponential-type relation. Results of preliminary kLaL measurements confirmed the decisive effect of the rate of energy dissipation on the intensity of interfacial mass transfer in gas-liquid dispersions.

Determination of specific interfacial areas in swirled two-phase flow

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-853
Author(s):  
Kurt Winkler ◽  
František Kaštánek ◽  
Jan Kratochvíl
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Upward Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Mist Flow ◽  
Interfacial Areas ◽  
Correlation Parameters ◽  
Flow Components

Specific gas-liquid interfacial area in flow tubes 70 mm in diameter of the length 725 and 1 450 mm resp. containing various swirl bodies were measured for concurrent upward flow in the ranges of average gas (air) velocities 11 to 35 ms-1 and liquid flow rates 13 to 80 m3 m-2 h-1 using the method of CO2 absorption into NaOH solutions. Two different flow regimes were observed: slug flow swirled annular-mist flow. In the latter case the determination was carried out separately for the film and spray flow components, respectively. The obtained specific areas range between 500 to 20 000 m3 m-2. Correlation parameters are energy dissipation criteria, related to the geometrical reactor volume and to the static liquid volume in the reactor.

Hydraulic model of a water cooling system in a chemical plant

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-806
Author(s):  
Miloslav Hošťálek ◽  
Jiří Výborný ◽  
František Madron
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Graph Algorithm ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Controlled Flow

Steady state hydraulic calculation has been described of an extensive pipeline network based on a new graph algorithm for setting up and decomposition of balance equations of the model. The parameters of the model are characteristics of individual sections of the network (pumps, pipes, and heat exchangers with armatures). In case of sections with controlled flow rate (variable characteristic), or sections with measured flow rate, the flow rates are direct inputs. The interactions of the network with the surroundings are accounted for by appropriate sources and sinks of individual nodes. The result of the calculation is the knowledge of all flow rates and pressure losses in the network. Automatic generation of the model equations utilizes an efficient (vector) fixing of the network topology and predominantly logical, not numerical operations based on the graph theory. The calculation proper utilizes a modification of the model by the method of linearization of characteristics, while the properties of the modified set of equations permit further decrease of the requirements on the computer. The described approach is suitable for the solution of practical problems even on lower category personal computers. The calculations are illustrated on an example of a simple network with uncontrolled and controlled flow rates of cooling water while one of the sections of the network is also a gravitational return flow of the cooling water.

scholarly journals Depth-Integrated Two-Phase Modeling of Two Real Cases: A Comparison between r.avaflow and GeoFlow-SPH Codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5751
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Mousavi Tayebi ◽  
Saeid Moussavi Tayyebi ◽  
Manuel Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Mesh Free ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Landslide Evolution ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Due to the growing populations in areas at high risk of natural disasters, hazard and risk assessments of landslides have attracted significant attention from researchers worldwide. In order to assess potential risks and design possible countermeasures, it is necessary to have a better understanding of this phenomenon and its mechanism. As a result, the prediction of landslide evolution using continuum dynamic modeling implemented in advanced simulation tools is becoming more important. We analyzed a depth-integrated, two-phase model implemented in two different sets of code to stimulate rapid landslides, such as debris flows and rock avalanches. The first set of code, r.avaflow, represents a GIS-based computational framework and employs the NOC-TVD numerical scheme. The second set of code, GeoFlow-SPH, is based on the mesh-free numerical method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with the capability of describing pore pressure’s evolution along the vertical distribution of flowing mass. Two real cases of an Acheron rock avalanche and Sham Tseng San Tsuen debris flow were used with the best fit values of geotechnical parameters obtained in the prior modeling to investigate the capabilities of the sets of code. Comparison of the results evidenced that both sets of code were capable of properly reproducing the run-out distance, deposition thickness, and deposition shape in the benchmark exercises. However, the values of maximum propagation velocities and thickness were considerably different, suggesting that using more than one set of simulation code allows us to predict more accurately the possible scenarios and design more effective countermeasures.

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