The Effects of Orientation on Energy Consumption in Buildings in Kazakhstan

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik Tokbolat ◽  
Raikhan Tokpatayeva ◽  
Sarim Naji Al-Zubaidy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Building Orientation

Buildings account for nearly 40% of the end-use energy consumption and carbon emissions globally. These buildings, once built, are bound to be utilized for several decades if not longer. The building sector, therefore, holds a significant responsibility for implementing strategies to increase energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions and thus contribute to global efforts directed toward mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. This paper presents an overview of the effect of building orientation on energy consumption in buildings for the extreme cold weather conditions in Astana (capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan), with temperature ranging between −35 and +40 °C. Passive design features coupled with integration of renewable energy technologies have been identified for the next generation of buildings in Astana. The specific nature of the work is intentional; it is a continuing attempt to generate relevant know how that has direct relevancy to Astana's system approach to energy conservation to meet its extreme winters. Simulations allowed assessing how changing certain input variables can impact the overall energy consumption of the considered object. The simulation results have shown that orientation of a building can significantly affect the energy usage rate. In fact, the building rotation has justified the initial assumptions that building orientation affects its energy consumption. The South and North facing directions are found to be the most energy efficient (initial orientation is 35 degrees toward the North-East). These findings have been confirmed by the separate calculations based on the local and international standards and codes. Keywords: energy, low energy design, passive solar heating and cooling, extreme weather conditions and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Promising varieties of spring glumaceous oat of the mowing and grain-mowing directions, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Elena Vologzhanina ◽  
Galina Batalova
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The results of the study of 12 varieties and promising lines of glumaceous oat in the competitive variety testing of the FASC of the North-East (Kirov region) in the period from 2018 to 2020 are presented. The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity, ecological plasticity and stability of the genotypes of glumaceous oat for feed and universal use in the conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region. The dependences of grain yield and dry matter harvesting on the state of agro-climatic resources (HTC), temperature and precipitation are established. The contrasting weather conditions during the years of research allowed to conduct the most complete assessment of the studied genotypes. The most favorable conditions for the formation of a high yield of green mass of oat were formed in 2020 (Ij=3.76), grain - in 2019 (Ij=1.35). The average degree of positive dependence of green mass yield on the height of oat plants was revealed (r=0.51). The variety of the high-intensity type of the universal direction Medved, promising lines of the mowing direction (178h13 and 245h14) are distinguished.

Low Energy Building Designs for Extreme Weather Conditions in Central Asia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serik Tokbolat ◽  
Raikhan Tokpatayeva ◽  
Sarim Naji Al-Zubaidy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
End Use ◽  
Building Designs

Buildings account for nearly 40% of the end-use energy consumption and carbon emissions globally. These buildings, once built, are bound to be utilized for several decades if not longer. The building sector therefore holds a significant responsibility for implementing strategies to increase energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions and thus contribute to global efforts directed toward mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. This paper presents an oversight of effective low-energy building design strategies for the extreme weather conditions in Kazakhstan (Astana), with temperature ranging between −35 and +40 C. Passive design features coupled with integration of renewable energy technologies have been identified for the next generation of buildings in Astana. The specific nature of the work is intentional, it is a continuing attempt to generate relevant know how that has direct relevancy to Astana’s system approach to energy conversation to meet its extreme winters.

scholarly journals Extreme flash floods in Barcelona County

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Barrera ◽  
M. Barriendos ◽  
M. C. Llasat
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Flooded Area

Abstract. In this paper the catastrophic and extraordinary floods occurring in Barcelona County (Catalonia, NE Spain) are studied, in order to characterise the temporal evolution of extreme flash floods in that area and their main features. These events usually cause economical losses and major problems for undertaking daily activity in Barcelona city. This kind of floods is a very common feature in the North-east of Spain and they are recorded every year in some point of Catalonia. This contribution also shows the frequency of those events, within the framework of all the floods that have occurred in Barcelona since the 14th century, but also describes the flooded area, urban evolution, impacts and the weather conditions for any of most severe events. The evolution of flood occurrence shows the existence of oscillations in the earlier and later modern age periods that can be attributed to climatic variability, evolution of the perception threshold and changes in vulnerability. A great increase of vulnerability can be assumed for the period 1850-1900. The analysis of the time evolution for the Barcelona rainfall series (1854-2000) shows that no trend exists, although, due to the changes in urban planning, flash-floods impact has changed over this time. The number of catastrophic flash floods has diminished, although the extraordinary ones have increased.

scholarly journals Morphological features of the plant Pyrethrum majus (Desf.) Tzvel. and variability of the component composition of essential oil during introduction in the North-East of the European part of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Vasilyevna Portnyagina ◽  
Vasiliy Vitalyevich Punegov ◽  
Elmira Elizbarovna Echishvili ◽  
Marina Gennadyevna Fomina ◽  
Ivan Vladimirovich Gruzdev
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Middle Taiga Subzone ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia

The paper presents the results of the research on the growth, development, and biochemical evaluation of introduced Pyrethrum majus plants in the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic. It is established that in the conditions of culture the species is characterized by a high stability and winter hardiness. The phenology and dynamics of plant growth were studied. Morphological parameters of vegetative and generative shoots were determined. The yield of essential oil from the aboveground phytomass of P. majus and its component composition were studied. It was found that the content of essential oil of flowering plants varied over the years of research from 0,25 to 1,41% and depended on the weather conditions of the growing season. More than 190 components were found in the essential oil of P. majus plants using the method of GLC analysis, 48 of them were identified. The main terpenoids in the essential oil were S-(+) carvone (5465%), -tuyon (610%), TRANS-and CIS-p-Menta-2,8-dienols (2,32,8%), 1,8-Cineol (1,42,9%), CIS Menta-1(7)8-Dien-2ol (1,52,1%), germacrene d (1,21,8%) -cadinol (0,51,5%), -muurolol (0,22,6%). It was found that the component composition of the essential oil from perennial plants P. majus corresponds to the carvone-Tuyon chemotype and did not change significantly due to the meteorological conditions of the environment. Taking into account a high adaptation of plants of this species to the conditions of the middle taiga subzone of the Komi Republic, high indicators of aboveground phytomass with a sufficient content of essential oil, P. majus can be successfully cultivated in the North as a promising spicy-aromatic medicinal and ornamental plant.

Thinness in a population of rural girls in Poland: 14-year changes and regional differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Chrzanowska ◽  
Agnieszka Suder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Farming Families

AbstractWorldwide data indicate a growing number of energy homeostasis disorders, which are especially dangerous in childhood. The distribution and growing trends of overweight and obesity in children have been widely investigated, unlike the prevalence of too-low body weight and its determinants. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of body mass deficiency in Polish rural girls and differences among four Polish regions – Choszczno and Leszno in the north-west, and Ostrów Mazowiecka and Suwałki in the north-east. Data were taken from 7764 rural girls aged 9–18 years examined in 1987, when the country was in economic crisis, and 9431 such girls examined in 2001, when the country was undergoing political transformation. The frequency of weight deficiency was estimated based on BMI by applying the international standards of Cole. An Extent of Overweight (EOW) index was used to create an Extent of Thinness (EOT) index. A significant increase in weight deficiency was found in the rural girls – from 7.5% in 1987 to 8.9% in 2001 – and an increase in the EOT index from 0.37 in 1987 to 0.43 in 2001. Analysis by area of residence demonstrated significant differentiation. In the regions in north-west Poland, mainly inhabited by non-farming families, the prevalence of weight deficiency in girls almost doubled from 1987 to 2001, probably because of the mass and long-term unemployment that resulted from the closure of state farms in 1992. In contrast, in the north-east regions, the prevalence of weight deficiency remained almost unchanged over this period, with only a slight decrease, probably because the inhabitants were mainly farm and farm/working families with better living conditions. Despite the overall increase in thinness prevalence in rural girls in Poland, different living conditions have had different biological effects.

scholarly journals Energy consumption and modelling of the climate control system in the electric vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling Doyle ◽  
Tariq Muneer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Heating And Cooling

With the introduction of electric vehicles in the automobile market, limited information is available on how the battery’s energy consumption is distributed. This paper focuses on the energy consumption of the vehicle when the heating and cooling system is in operation. On average, 18 and 14% for the battery’s energy capacity is allocated to heating and cooling requirements, respectively. The conventional internal combustion engine vehicle uses waste heat from its engine to provide for passenger thermal requirements at no cost to the vehicle’s propulsion energy demands. However, the electric vehicle cannot avail of this luxury to recycle waste heat. In order to reduce the energy consumed by the climate control system, an analysis of the temperature profile of a vehicle’s cabin space under various weather conditions is required. The present study presents a temperature predicting algorithm to predict temperature under various weather conditions. Previous studies have limited consideration to the fluctuation of solar radiation space heating to a vehicle’s cabin space. This model predicts solar space heating with a mean bias error and root mean square error of 0.26 and 0.57°C, respectively. This temperature predicting model can potentially be developed with further research to predict the energy required by the vehicle’s primary lithium-ion battery to heat and cool the vehicle’s cabin space. Thus, this model may be used in a route planning application to reduce range anxiety when drivers undertake a journey under various ambient weather conditions while optimising the energy consumption of the electric vehicle.

scholarly journals Sort reaction of buckwheat to complex application of biological preparations and fertilizers

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
I.M. Straholis ◽  
S.I. Berdin ◽  
V.I. Onychko ◽  
T.O. Onychko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Factor C

Buckwheat is a valuable food crop. However, its low yield in comparison with other cereal crops leads to high prices for the cereal realization of this crop. Therefore, the development of techniques for increasing the buckwheat yield is relevant. One way to increase the buckwheat yield is to optimize the nutrition regime of the crop through the use of biologicals, macro- and microfertilizers. The researches devoted to the study of the complex application of biologicals and mineral fertilizers were being conducted during 2016‒2018 at the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. The weather conditions of the growing seasons varied significantly over the years of research, which made it possible to study more fully the response of varieties to the factors studied. The studies were conducted in a three-factor field experiment where: - factor A ‒ the varieties of different morphotype; - factor B ‒ doses of mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers; N30P45K45; N30P45K45+N15; N16P16K16 in the rows; N16P16K16+N15) - factor C ‒ biological preparation Microgumine ‒ 200 g/ha; microfertilizer Reakom "Zernovyi" 0,5 l/ha; growth regulator Sodium humate ‒ 1.0 l/ha. According to the results of our research, it was found that Selianochka variety was better than Slobozhanka variety by responding to the use of seed inoculation and application of chelated fertilizer forms, with a yield increase of 0.05‒0.27 t/ha. With the increase of mineral nutrition, the yield increase was 0.01 t/ha less than in the Slobozhanka variety, namely from 0.06 to 0.45 t/ha. By Selyanochka variety, the variant with complex use of seed treatment with biological preparation, microfertilizers and application of growth regulator in the phase of "budding" of buckwheat plants, on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N16P16K16 + N15 the maximum yield of 2.20 t/ha was obtained. However, the yield increase after fertilizer application was 0.42 t/ha, from the use of biological products, microfertilizers and growth regulator ‒ 0.27 t/ha. In Slobozhanka variety, inoculation of seeds and application of chelated forms of fertilizers in the budding phase of plants also favoured to increase the yield, but not in all variants. On the other hand, the increase from the use of mineral fertilizers in all variants was positive from 0.04 to 0.41 t/ha. The comparison of the studied varieties of different morphotypes by yield showed that in Selyanochka variety it was of the average 1.96 t/ha during the research years, at fluctuations from 1.75 to 2.20 t/ha, by Slobozhanka variety ‒ 1.73 t/ha and 1.51‒1.92 t/ha respectively. Buckwheat is a valuable food crop. However, its low yield in comparison with other cereal crops leads to high prices for the cereal realization of this crop. Therefore, the development of techniques for increasing the buckwheat yield is relevant. One way to increase the buckwheat yield is to optimize the nutrition regime of the crop through the use of biologicals, macro- and microfertilizers. The researches devoted to the study of the complex application of biologicals and mineral fertilizers were being conducted during 2016‒2018 at the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. The weather conditions of the growing seasons varied significantly over the years of research, which made it possible to study more fully the response of varieties to the factors studied. The studies were conducted in a three-factor field experiment where: - factor A ‒ the varieties of different morphotype; - factor B ‒ doses of mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers; N30P45K45; N30P45K45+N15; N16P16K16 in the rows; N16P16K16+N15) - factor C ‒ biological preparation Microgumine ‒ 200 g/ha; microfertilizer Reakom "Zernovyi" 0,5 l/ha; growth regulator Sodium humate ‒ 1.0 l/ha. According to the results of our research, it was found that Selianochka variety was better than Slobozhanka variety by responding to the use of seed inoculation and application of chelated fertilizer forms, with a yield increase of 0.05‒0.27 t/ha. With the increase of mineral nutrition, the yield increase was 0.01 t/ha less than in the Slobozhanka variety, namely from 0.06 to 0.45 t/ha. By Selyanochka variety, the variant with complex use of seed treatment with biological preparation, microfertilizers and application of growth regulator in the phase of "budding" of buckwheat plants, on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N16P16K16 + N15 the maximum yield of 2.20 t/ha was obtained. However, the yield increase after fertilizer application was 0.42 t/ha, from the use of biological products, microfertilizers and growth regulator ‒ 0.27 t/ha. In Slobozhanka variety, inoculation of seeds and application of chelated forms of fertilizers in the budding phase of plants also favoured to increase the yield, but not in all variants. On the other hand, the increase from the use of mineral fertilizers in all variants was positive from 0.04 to 0.41 t/ha. The comparison of the studied varieties of different morphotypes by yield showed that in Selyanochka variety it was of the average 1.96 t/ha during the research years, at fluctuations from 1.75 to 2.20 t/ha, by Slobozhanka variety ‒ 1.73 t/ha and 1.51‒1.92 t/ha respectively.

scholarly journals Regional Forecast of China's Carbon Emission Peak in 2030 and Analysis of Influencing Factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Wenxing Shen ◽  
Shengliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Unit Output ◽  
Pollution Emissions ◽  
Population Urbanization

Abstract In this article, we firstly analyzed the historical development trends, regional economies, population, urbanization and carbon emissions of the four major regions which are the East, the Middle, the North-east and the West, respectively. Then we compared China's environmental Kuznets curve both in home and abroad, found that the relationship between economic development and pollution emissions varies from regions and countries. We used the IPAT model to design 48 peak CO2 emission scenarios in order to get to more comprehensive depict of future development path of China's carbon emissions. Furthermore, we used a centralized DEA to evaluate the allocative efficiency of scenario-based CO2 emission paths. As a consequence, we found that maintaining relatively high GDP growth (around 6%), reducing energy intensity by about 75% of average annual decline rate(around 4%); and increasing non-fossil energy to 21% to meet the Innovation plan of energy technology revolution 2016-2030 requirements is the most efficient low-carbon behaviors towards 2030 peak CO2 emissions of 10.57Gt. We also found that China can potentially reduce CO2 emission intensity (CEI) by up to 72.7% compared to the 2005 level in 2030, and therefore that official CEI reduction targets (60-65%) are well within reach. It is also found that in the future path of the predicted optimal scenario, only economic scale and low carbon per unit output value have a great contribution to the changes in carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals The structure of the seed herbage of the pannonian clover (Trifolium pannonicum Jacq.) variety Snezhok in the conditions of the Kirov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
E. V. Popova ◽  
E. G. Arzamasova ◽  
I. V. Shihova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Number Of Stems

The article presents the results of 2016-2020 study of the characteristics of growth and development of the pannonian clover variety Snezhok, bred at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky, while using the herbage for seeds. Uneven-aged herbage was assessed in the breeding nursery of 2016 sowing according to the characteristics of winter hardiness, the duration of individual interphase periods of development, plant height, structure of seed herbage, fruiting and seed yield. The overwintering of plants in all the years of research was high ‒ 100%. With an increase in the age of the stand, the prefloral (from growing to the beginning of flowering) and growing seasons from 47 to 72 and from 92 to 125-130 days (days) were lengthened. The height of plants in the phase of maturation of heads and seeds with the age of the stand also increased from 66.6 (1 year of use (y.u.)) to 97.1 cm (4 y.u.), the tendency of herbage to lodging increased from 0 (1 y.u.) to 30.9% (4 y.u.). In the first year of seed use (the 2 nd year of life (y.l.)), the minimum values of such structural indicators as the number of stems and heads per 1 m2 (245 and 151 pcs.), The content of generative stems in the total amount (42.8%), weight of seeds per 1 m2 (15.3 g). Starting from the 2 nd y.u. the listed structure indicators significantly increased and herbage stands were formed annually for three years, allowing them to be classified as highly productive: with the stem density of 366-405 pcs / m2 and a share of generative ones in them - 59.0-84.2 %, the number of heads - 350 -500 pcs / m2 , seed weight - 31.5-46.1 g / m2 . The level of seed productivity of pannonian clover depended to a greater extent on the age of the stand than on weather conditions during the period from regrowth to seed ripening. It was revealed that the biological (potential) seed yield in favorable years with sufficient technical support can reach 4.33 c/ha, while the actual (economic) average over the years of research was 0.54 c/ha, with changes from 0.20 (2017) up to 0.74 c/ha (2020).

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