Convergence of Hardy Cross’s Balancing Process

1940 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. A166-A170
Author(s):  
Rufus Oldenburger
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Linear Transformation ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Continuous Beam ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Real Linear ◽  
Infinite Power ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Abstract It can be shown easily that the Cross method of structural analysis may be applied to a given structure in such a manner that the process does not converge. In this paper the author gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of the Cross method, and exhibits a convergent process of balancing any given structure. In particular he shows that a balancing process can be described by real linear transformation, that is, by a matrix of real numbers, and that the process converges in the sense of this paper if and only if the infinite power of this matrix exists and is zero. The study is restricted to the case of a continuous beam.

scholarly journals Interchange of vector valued integrals when the measures are Bochner or Pettis indefinite integrals

1979 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre de Korvin ◽  
Charles E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Cross Product ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Product Measure ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Vector Valued

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the interchange of two Bochner integrals and for the interchange of two Pettis integrals are obtained. These conditions are different from those generally required in classical Fubini theorems since they do not require the construction of the cross product measure. The proof makes use of the Vitali-Hahn-Saks Theorem. It should be noted that while Fubini theorems use the cross product measure, one of the difficulties encountered is that the product measure fails to be countable additive – this is pointed out in M. Bhaskara Rao (Indiana Univ. Math. J. 21 (1972), 847–848) and Charles Swartz (Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 8 (1973), 359–366). Most applications require the interchange of the two integrals rather than integration with respect to the product measure.

scholarly journals Cyclic Permutations of Sequences and Uniform Partitions

10.37236/389 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yi Huang ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Yeong-Nan Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Analogous Result ◽  
Cyclic Permutation ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Fluctuation Theory ◽  
Partial Sums ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Half

Let $\vec{r}=(r_i)_{i=1}^n$ be a sequence of real numbers of length $n$ with sum $s$. Let $s_0=0$ and $s_i=r_1+\ldots +r_i$ for every $i\in\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. Fluctuation theory is the name given to that part of probability theory which deals with the fluctuations of the partial sums $s_i$. Define $p(\vec{r})$ to be the number of positive sum $s_i$ among $s_1,\ldots,s_n$ and $m(\vec{r})$ to be the smallest index $i$ with $s_i=\max\limits_{0\leq k\leq n}s_k$. An important problem in fluctuation theory is that of showing that in a random path the number of steps on the positive half-line has the same distribution as the index where the maximum is attained for the first time. In this paper, let $\vec{r}_i=(r_i,\ldots,r_n,r_1,\ldots,r_{i-1})$ be the $i$-th cyclic permutation of $\vec{r}$. For $s>0$, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for $\{ m(\vec{r}_i)\mid 1\leq i\leq n\}=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ and $\{ p(\vec{r}_i)\mid 1\leq i\leq n\}=\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$; for $s\leq 0$, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for $\{ m(\vec{r}_i)\mid 1\leq i\leq n\}=\{0,1,\ldots,n-1\}$ and $\{ p(\vec{r}_i)\mid 1\leq i\leq n\}=\{0,1,\ldots,n-1\}$. We also give an analogous result for the class of all permutations of $\vec{r}$.

scholarly journals Generalized Nörlund and Nörlund-type Means of Sequences of Fuzzy Numbers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1088-1096
Author(s):  
Pradosh Kumar Pattanaik ◽  
Susanta Kumar Paikray ◽  
Bidu Bhusan Jena
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Slow Oscillation ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Fuzzy Real Numbers ◽  
Sequences Of Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Convergent Sequences

In this article we study some properties of generalized Nörlund and Nörlund-typemeans of sequences of fuzzy real numbers. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for our purposed methods to transform convergent sequences of fuzzy real numbers into convergent sequences of fuzzy real numbers which also preserve the limit. Finally, we establish some results showing the connection between the generalized N ̈orlund and N ̈orlund-type limits and the usual limits under slow oscillation of sequences of fuzzy real numbers.

scholarly journals The Hausdorff Moment Problem

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
David Borwein
Keyword(s):  
Moment Problem ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Hausdorff Moment Problem

Suppose throughout thatand that {μn}(n≥ 0) is a sequence of real numbers. The (generalized) Hausdorff moment problem is to determine necessary and sufficient conditions for there to be a function x in some specified class satisfying.

Generalization of the Hausdorff Moment Problem

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Borwein ◽  
Amnon Jakimovski
Keyword(s):  
Moment Problem ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Natural Generalization ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Hausdorff Moment Problem ◽  
Positive Integers ◽  
Classical Moment Problem

Suppose throughout that {kn} is a sequence of positive integers, thatthat k0 = 1 if l0 = 1, and that {un(r)}; (r = 0, 1, …, kn – 1, n = 0, 1, …) is a sequence of real numbers. We shall be concerned with the problem of establishing necessary and sufficient conditions for there to be a function a satisfying(1)and certain additional conditions. The case l0 = 0, kn = 1 for n = 0, 1, … of the problem is the version of the classical moment problem considered originally by Hausdorff [5], [6], [7]; the above formulation will emerge as a natural generalization thereof.

On confirmation and rational betting

1955 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sherman Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Dutch Book ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Practical Necessity ◽  
De Finetti ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The purpose of this paper is to analyze rational betting. In particular, we concentrate on one necessary feature of rational betting, the avoidance of certainty of losing to a clever opponent. If a bettor is quite foolish in his choice of the rates at which he will bet, ah opponent can win money from him no matter what happens.This phenomenon is well known to professional bettors—especially bookmakers, who must as a matter of practical necessity avoid its occurrence. Such a losing book is called by them a “dutch book.” Our investigations are thus concerned with necessary and sufficient conditions that a book not be “dutch.”De Finetti [3] has started with the same idea and used it as a foundation for the theory of probability. It is our aim to consider the same subject more precisely and attempt to answer some questions about desirable features of a confirmation function. We wish to connect the ideas of De Finetti with those of Carnap [1] and Hossiasson-Lindenbaum [6]. The results expressed by Theorem 1 are essentially contained in De Finetti's work. Theorems 3 and 4 seem to be new.The confirmation functions which we consider will be functions with two sentences as arguments taking real numbers as values. Intuitively, C(h, e) will represent the rate at which a bettor would be willing to bet on the hypothesis h if he knew the information expressed by the sentence e, the evidence.

scholarly journals Left and Right Magnifying Elements in Generalized Semigroups of Transformations by Using Partitions of a Set

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-588
Author(s):  
Ronnason Chinram ◽  
Pattarawan Petchkaew ◽  
Samruam Baupradist
Keyword(s):  
Linear Transformation ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Proper Subset ◽  
Transformation Semigroups ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Composition Of Functions

An element a of a semigroup S is called left [right] magnifying if there exists a proper subset M of S such that S = aM [S = Ma]. Let X be a nonempty set and T(X) be the semigroup of all transformation from X into itself under the composition of functions. For a partition P = {X_α | α ∈ I} of the set X, let T(X,P) = {f ∈ T(X) | (X_α)f ⊆ X_α for all α ∈ I}. Then T(X,P) is a subsemigroup of T(X) and if P = {X}, T(X,P) = T(X). Our aim in this paper is to give necessary and sufficient conditions for elements in T(X,P) to be left or right magnifying. Moreover, we apply those conditions to give necessary and sufficient conditions for elements in some generalized linear transformation semigroups.

scholarly journals Updating a map of sufficient conditions for the real nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marijuán ◽  
M. Pisonero ◽  
Ricardo L. Soto
Keyword(s):  
Eigenvalue Problem ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Inverse Eigenvalue Problem ◽  
Real Matrix ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
The Real ◽  
Inclusion Relations ◽  
Inverse Eigenvalue ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Abstract The real nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem (RNIEP) asks for necessary and sufficient conditions in order that a list of real numbers be the spectrum of a nonnegative real matrix. A number of sufficient conditions for the existence of such a matrix are known. The authors gave in [11] a map of sufficient conditions establishing inclusion relations or independency relations between them. Since then new sufficient conditions for the RNIEP have appeared. In this paper we complete and update the map given in [11].

scholarly journals Tauberian conditions under which statistical convergence follows from statistical summability $(EC)_{n}^1$

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Naim L. Braha ◽  
Ismet Temaj
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Statistical Convergence ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Complex Numbers ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Tauberian Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Let $(x_k)$, for $k\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}$  be a sequence of real or complex numbers and set $(EC)_{n}^{1}=\frac{1}{2^n}\sum_{j=0}^{n}{\binom{n}{j}\frac{1}{j+1}\sum_{v=0}^{j}{x_v}},$ $n\in \mathbb{N}\cup \{0\}.$  We present necessary and sufficient conditions, under which $st-\lim_{}{x_k}= L$ follows from $st-\lim_{}{(EC)_{n}^{1}} = L,$ where L is a finite number. If $(x_k)$ is a sequence of real numbers, then these are one-sided Tauberian conditions. If $(x_k)$ is a sequence of complex numbers, then these are two-sided Tauberian conditions.

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