Assessment of the Relationships Among Design Methods, Design Activities, and Creativity

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Chulvi ◽  
Águeda Sonseca ◽  
Elena Mulet ◽  
Amaresh Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Design Activities

This paper presents an experimental study that was conducted to compare the results obtained from using different design methods (brainstorming (BR), functional analysis (FA), and SCAMPER) in design processes. The objectives of this work are twofold. The first was to determine whether there are any differences in the length of time devoted to the different types of activities that are carried out in the design process, depending on the method that is employed; in other words, whether the design methods that are used make a difference in the profile of time spent across the design activities. The second objective was to analyze whether there is any kind of relationship between the time spent on design process activities and the degree of creativity in the solutions that are obtained. Creativity evaluation has been done by means of the degree of novelty and the level of resolution of the designed solutions using creative product semantic scale (CPSS) questionnaire. The results show that there are significant differences between the amounts of time devoted to activities related to understanding the problem and the typology of the design method, intuitive or logical, that are used. While the amount of time spent on analyzing the problem is very small in intuitive methods, such as brainstorming and SCAMPER (around 8–9% of the time), with logical methods like functional analysis practically half the time is devoted to analyzing the problem. Also, it has been found that the amount of time spent in each design phase has an influence on the results in terms of creativity, but results are not enough strong to define in which measure are they affected. This paper offers new data and results on the distinct benefits to be obtained from applying design methods.

Impact of Secondary Flow on the Accuracy of Simplified Design Methods for Steam Turbine Stages

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Schumann ◽  
Ulrich Harbecke ◽  
Daniel Sahnen ◽  
Thomas Polklas ◽  
Peter Jeschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Line Design ◽  
Radial Equilibrium

The subject of the presented paper is the validation of a design method for HP and IP steam turbine stages. Common design processes have been operating with simplified design methods in order to quickly obtain feasible stage designs. Therefore, inaccuracies due to assumptions in the underlying methods have to be accepted. The focus of this work is to quantify the inaccuracy of a simplified design method compared to 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Short computing time is very convenient in preliminary design; therefore, common design methods work with a large degree of simplification. The origin of the presented analysis is a mean line design process, dealing with repeating stage conditions. Two features of the preliminary design are the stage efficiency, based on loss correlations, and the mechanical strength, obtained by using the beam theory. Due to these simplifications, only a few input parameters are necessary to define the primal stage geometry and hence, the optimal design can easily be found. In addition, by using an implemented law to take the radial equilibrium into account, the appropriate twist of the blading can be defined. However, in comparison to the real radial distribution of flow angles, this method implies inaccuracies, especially in regions of secondary flow. In these regions, twisted blades, developed by using the simplified radial equilibrium, will be exposed to a three-dimensional flow, which is not considered in the design process. The analyzed design cases show that discrepancies at the hub and shroud section do exist, but have minor effects. Even the shroud section, with its thinner leading-edge, is not vulnerable to these unanticipated flow angles.

scholarly journals Effects of Multidisciplinary Participatory Design Method on Students’ Engineering Design Process

Eng ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Yu-Hung Chien ◽  
Chun-Kai Yao ◽  
Yu-Han Chao
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Experimental Group

This study took the ergonomics design course as an example to propose a design teaching model of multidisciplinary participatory design (MPD), and investigated the effects of this teaching model on the engineering design behavior of college students. We used lag behavior sequential analysis to compare the design behaviors of three student groups: a participatory design (PD) experimental group, an MPD experimental group, and a control group. The results of the study show that (1) students in the PD experimental group had 13 significant sequential engineering design behaviors, students in the MPD experimental group had 10, and students in the control group had only seven. The engineering design behaviors of the experimental groups were more diversified than those of the control group. (2) The three groups of students had a small number of significant design behavior transfers in the engineering design process, indicating that the students’ sequential design behaviors between two different design activities were insufficient. We concluded by detailing the pros and cons of using the MPD teaching model based on the results of this study, and hopefully by providing a reference for teaching engineering design.

Back and Forth: Using Conversation Analysis to Explore Dialogues of Sharedness of Mental Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Yi ◽  
Nicole B. Damen ◽  
Christine A. Toh
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Team Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Team Mental Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Design Activities

Abstract Shared mental models have been shown to enhance team performance. However, research has not observed the different types of sharedness of mental models that may uniquely impact the design process. Therefore, this study examines the types of sharedness of mental models that occur in design teams using Conversation Analysis on data collected from two design teams that performed activities in the early design process in a controlled lab environment. Designers were asked to develop an agreed upon list of ranked design principles, and then generate one or two solutions using the list. These design activities allow for the examination of the varying ways that designers share knowledge, negotiate, and reach understanding. Through our analysis, we identify characteristics of conversation that designers used to build shared understanding. Our results also show how team mental models are built from patterns of conversation that are evident during open-ended and unstructured design discussions. This work sets a foundation for future research to gain a deeper understanding of how designer mental models are shared in unstructured conversations that take place during design practice.

A Design Method Based on Healthy Industrial Design (HID)

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Jing Feng Li ◽  
Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Design Idea ◽  
Subjective Reason

As an advanced design idea nowadays, to realize body’s healthy movement, healthy industrial design (be called HID for short) pursues user’s “health, happiness and joy”, Different types of limits will be treated dynamically for this goal during the whole design process. The adjustable limit will be treated by changing the subjective reason leading to it, while the un-adjustable limit will be treated by optimizing user’s behavior and producer’s structure, material, color etc.

How Uncertain Is Too Uncertain? Validity Tests for Early Resilient and Risk-Based Design Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hulse ◽  
Christopher Hoyle ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer ◽  
Kai Goebel
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Early Design Phase

Abstract A number of risk and resilience-based design methods have been put forward over the years that seek to provide designers the tools to reduce the effects of potential hazards in the early design phase. However, because of the associated high level of uncertainty and low-fidelity design representations, one might justifiably wonder if using a resilient design process in the early design phase will reliably produce useful results that would improve the realized design. This paper provides a testing framework for design processes that determines the validity of the process by quantifying the epistemic uncertainty in the assumptions used to make decisions. This framework uses this quantified uncertainty to test whether three metrics are within desirable bounds: the change in the design when uncertainty is considered, the increase in the expected value of the design, and the cost of choice-related uncertainty. This approach is illustrated using two examples to demonstrate how both discrete and continuous parametric uncertainty can be considered in the testing procedure. These examples show that early design process validity is sensitive to the level of uncertainty and magnitude of design changes, suggesting that while there is a justifiable decision-theoretic case to consider high-level, high-impact design changes during the early design phase, there is less of a case to choose between relatively similar design options because the cost of making the choice under high uncertainty is greater than the expected value improvement from choosing the better design.

How Cultural Characteristics Influence Design Processes: An Empirical Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Gautam ◽  
Lucienne Blessing
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
India And China

Product development increasingly involves designers with different cultural backgrounds. This paper describes an investigation into the effects of these different backgrounds on the design process. An empirical study is carried out under participation of designers drawn from industrial practice in Germany, India and China. They are observed while solving a given design problem in a laboratory setting. The recorded design processes are analyzed with a focus on cultural characteristics, which were derived from literature. The paper focuses on the following design activities: analyzing problem and requirements, working on sub-functions, deriving selection criteria, and improving solutions. The results indicate that the design processes are different and that these differences can be linked to the characteristics of culture.

A Unified Multidisciplinary Optimum Design Method Using Genetic Algorithms

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Optimum Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Hierarchical System ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Strong Interest

Abstract Multidisciplinary optimum designs have been of strong interest lately in many fields. A unified multidisciplinary optimum design method by utilizing the genetic algorithms is presented in this study. The design process is modeled there by a distributed hierarchical system to simulate ordinary design processes. Each level is optimized by genetic algorithms somewhat independently but some information is transmitted to the upper or the lower level. Engineering analysis can also be involved in a certain level. The proposed method is then applied to simple examples of preliminary designs of cars and numerical results show the effectiveness of the method.

Knowledge Transfer in Product-Based Service Design

2014 ◽  
pp. 258-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoshi Uchihira
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Structured Design ◽  
Service Businesses

Recently, manufacturing companies have been moving into product-based service businesses in addition to providing the products themselves. It is not easy for engineers in manufacturing companies to create new service businesses. In order to design product-based services more effectively and efficiently, systematic design methods suitable for the service businesses have been proposed, which provide design processes, checklists, and patterns. However, inexperienced designers still feel difficulties because they cannot understand the meaning of the checklists and patterns. In this chapter, the authors propose knowledge transfer in product-based service design, in which structured design cases are used to understand and utilize the checklists and patterns in the service design method called DFACE-SI.

Do Student Trials Predict What Professionals Value in Sustainable Design Practices?

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Faludi ◽  
Felix Yiu ◽  
Ola Srour ◽  
Rami Kamareddine ◽  
Omar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Value Innovation ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Real Change ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
System Mapping

When teaching sustainable design in industry or academia, we should teach design methods, activities, and mindsets that are most effective at driving real change in a industry. However, most studies of design practices are performed on students, not on professionals. How strongly do student perceptions of value predict those of industry teams designing real products? This study provided workshops on three sustainable design methods (The Natural Step, Whole System Mapping, and Biomimicry) for 172 professionals and 204 students, applying the methods to their actual products being developed. It surveyed both populations about which activities or mindsets within each design method provided sustainability value, innovation value, and overall value. Quantitatively, student results did not strongly predict professional opinions; professionals chose clearer favorites and valued more things. However, qualitatively, student results did predict the reasons why professionals would value the design activities and mindsets. Therefore, care should be taken to choose appropriate participants for the questions being asked in sustainable design research.

scholarly journals Architecture decisions in different product classes for complex products

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-234
Author(s):  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Claudia Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Design Process ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Design Methodologies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
System Architecture Design ◽  
Research Studies

AbstractMany of the most fundamental decisions about a product are made during the system architecture design process. However, how system architecture is designed in practice is not well understood. This paper draws on several research studies related to system architecture design to develop a categorization of system architecture design processes to support the adaptation design methodologies and tools to specific situations. The paper reviews different definitions of system architecture and comments on the relevance of the different perspectives taken in the literature on system architecture to different types of system architecture. The research highlights the need for further empirical research on system architecture design processes as well as on tools to support the engineers creating the system architecture.

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