Analysis and Prediction of the In-Plane Deformation in Laser Thermal Adjustment

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Shen ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Zhenqiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Laser Forming ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Heating Stage ◽  
Plane Bending ◽  
Bending Angles

Laser thermal adjustment as an application of laser forming in microsystems has received considerable attentions in recent years. This process is a noncontact and high precision forming method. The traditional mechanical microforming technologies for the adjustment step used in microsystem assembly are often limited in their accuracy and are also time consuming. This paper presents an analytical model for describing the in-plane deformation of actuators during laser thermal adjustment. A formula for calculating the in-plane bending angle of the actuator generated by the laser processing is derived. The proposed analytical model is demonstrated by the comparison of the predicted bending angles with the numerical and experimental results. Finally, a formula to predict the possible buckling of the actuator during the laser processing is also developed, from which one can design the opening of the actuator in order to avoid the buckling of the actuator during a heating stage of the process.

Investigating the Effect of Process Parameters and Scan Strategy During Laser Forming of Thin Open Celled Aluminium Foam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahid Raza ◽  
Talari Srinu ◽  
Susmita Datta ◽  
Partha Saha
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Laser Forming ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Scan Speed

The present study provides detailed investigation on the effect of various laser processing parameters and scan strategy during laser forming of thin open-celled aluminium foam. Previous research on laser bending showed that metal foams can be formed by laser processing, but it is very difficult to form the metal foams mechanically owing to their brittle nature. The 2D Laser forming operation was carried out using 2 kW fiber laser with laser power and scanning speed as input process parameters while bending angle was calculated as an output parameter. The effect of laser power, scan speed, number of scans and scan distance from the edge on bending angle of the foam were analyzed and presented. It was observed that the laser processing showed a decrease in bending angle with an increase in scan speed except for 1750 W power, where after 12500 mm/min the bending angle did not follow the trend. The bending angle decreased with increase in number of scans probably due to strain hardening effect. The effect of scan distance from the edge was different for lower process parameter combinations {600 W, 2500 mm/min} and {1000 W, 4000 mm/min}, where the bending angle was maximum for a distance of 20 mm from edge in 1400 W, 7500 mm/min scan speed. For 1750W, 11000 mm/min bending angle was maximum for 80 mm distance from edge. The SEM analysis showed that the major concern associated with laser forming of open-celled Aluminium foam is foam melting. EDS and XRD analysis showed that formation of different oxides and compounds of Aluminium increases with increases in laser power and scan speed. Micro-Computed Tomography (micro-CT) analysis confirmed the absence of crack during laser forming and the pore density variation during laser forming was clearly visible between laser processed zone and the parent material zone.

An analytical model to predict bending angles in high-frequency induction heat forming

2009 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Chen ◽  
Y Qi ◽  
Y Shi ◽  
Z Bi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Dimensionless Temperature ◽  
Induction Heat ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Bending Angles

In induction heat forming, the deformation field of the metal plate is dependent on the temperature field. In the investigations on the temperature field, by defining a dimensionless temperature and a special Y-coordinate, it can be found that temperature distributions in the Y′-direction are similar for different thicknesses. To predict the bending deformation, an analytical model of temperature distribution is derived based on the similarity of temperatures at different thicknesses. An analytical model of the bending angle under the temperature gradient mechanism in the straight-line induction heat forming is obtained using the above temperature model. The proposed model is parametric and considers the dimensions of the plate and the laser process parameters. To verify the proposed model, the bending angles calculated by the analytical model are compared with those measured experimentally. The analytical results of the bending angle generally show good agreement with the experimental results. This investigation will be helpful for determining the heating conditions required for producing complex shapes of the plate.

scholarly journals A comparative investigation of the efficacy of CO2 and high-power diode lasers for the forming of EN3 mild steel sheets

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
High Power ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Laser Forming ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Line Energy ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Power Diode ◽  
Bending Angles

A comparative investigation of the effectiveness of a high-power diode laser (HPDL) and a CO2 laser for the forming of thin-section EN3 mild steel sheet has been conducted. The buckling mechanism was identified as the laser forming mechanism responsible for induced bending. For both lasers it was found that the induced bending angles increased with an increasing number of irradiations and high laser powers, while decreasing as the traverse speed was increased. Also, it was apparent from the experimental results that the laser bending angle was only linearly proportional to the number of irradiations when the latter was small due to local material thickening along the bend edge with a high number of irradiations. Owing to the mild steel's greater beam absorption at the HPDL wavelength, larger bending angles were induced when using the HPDL. However, under certain conditions the performance of the CO2 laser in terms of induced bending angle was seen to approach that of the HPDL. Nevertheless, similar results between the two lasers were only achieved with increasing irradiations; thus it was concluded that the efficacy of the HPDL was higher than that of the CO2 laser insofar as it was more efficient. From graphical results and the employment of an analytical procedure, the laser line energy range in which accurate control of the HPDL bending of the mild steel sheets could be exercised efficiently was found to be 53 J/mm < P/ v < 78 J/mm, while for the CO2 laser the range was 61 J/mm < P/ v < 85 J/mm.

Laser Beam Forming: Experimental Investigation and Statistical Analysis of the Effects of Parameters on Bending Angle

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Akinlabi ◽  
Mukul Shukla ◽  
Tshilidzi Marwala
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Laser Forming ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Beam Forming ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Bending Angles

Laser Beam Forming (LBF), a non-contact manufacturing process has become a viable manufacturing process for shaping of metallic components. The capability of LBF and bending demands more on experimental studies to identify optimized parameter settings and also establish the probable influence of process parameters on the response i.e. the resulting bending angles in the present work. The experiments on laser forming process of 3 mm steel plate were conducted using a 4.4 kW Nd: YAG laser (Rofin DY 044), at the Council for Science and Industrial Research - National Laser Centre (CSIR-NLC), Pretoria, South Africa. This paper investigates the effects of five important process parameters such as namely laser power, beam diameter, number of scan tracks, scan velocity and cooling effect on the resulting formed sample curvature. Statistical tools combined with the Taguchi robust Design of Experiment, based on the L-27 Taguchi Orthogonal array (TOA) have been used. The samples were successfully formed to different curvatures following the experimental design. Both the Taguchi analysis and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) established that the number of scan irradiation had the maximum effect while cooling effect coolant flow had the least contribution on the bending angle of formed components. Regression analysis was also conducted on the experimental data and a linear model relating all the influencing parameters was developed with an R-square value of around 98% showing the goodness of fit of the model. The regression model confirms that the experimentally measured bending angles were in good agreement with the model predicted values. This model can ultimately be used to estimate the bending angle in LBF of 3 mm steel plate within the study range of parameters.

UKP-laserbasierte Herstellung von Netzen unterschiedlicher Transmissionsgrade/USP-laser based production of meshes of different transmission degrees

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 787-789
Author(s):  
Marcel Simons ◽  
Till Rusche ◽  
Tobias Valentino ◽  
Tim Radel ◽  
Frank Vollertsen
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mesh Width ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Ultra Short Pulse ◽  
Mesh Structures

Die Ultrakurzpuls (UKP)-laserbasierte Bearbeitung erlaubt die Herstellung von Netzstrukturen mit verschiedenen Transmissionsgraden. Vorteile der UKP-laserbasierten Herstellung der Netze liegen vor allem in der hohen Präzision und Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit. Die UKP-Laserbearbeitung ermöglicht die Herstellung von Netzen aus Aluminium in hoher Qualität, bezogen auf die Stegbreitenabweichung von < 8 µm, mit variablen Transmissionsgraden. Ultra-short pulse (USP) laser based processing enables the production of mesh structures with different degrees of transmission. The advantages of USP-based production of mesh structures are mainly the high precision and processing speed. USP laser processing enables the production of meshes of aluminum in high quality, with respect to the mesh width deviation of < 8 µm with variable transmission degrees.

scholarly journals Generalized analytical model based on harmonic coupling for hybrid plasmonic modes: comparison with numerical and experimental results

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (21) ◽  
pp. 27376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitradeep Sarkar ◽  
Jean-François Bryche ◽  
Julien Moreau ◽  
Mondher Besbes ◽  
Grégory Barbillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Model Based

scholarly journals How the Multiplicity of Suggested Information Affects the Behavior of a User in a Recommender System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Yuseok Ban ◽  
Kyungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Recommender System ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Many researchers have suggested improving the retention of a user in the digital platform using a recommender system. Recent studies show that there are many potential ways to assist users to find interesting items, other than high-precision rating predictions. In this paper, we study how the diverse types of information suggested to a user can influence their behavior. The types have been divided into visual information, evaluative information, categorial information, and narrational information. Based on our experimental results, we analyze how different types of supplementary information affect the performance of a recommender in terms of encouraging users to click more items or spend more time in the digital platform.

scholarly journals A Flexible Two-Sensor System for Temperature and Bending Angle Monitoring

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2962
Author(s):  
Yifeng Mu ◽  
Rou Feng ◽  
Qibei Gong ◽  
Yuxuan Liu ◽  
Xijun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic System ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Constituent Material ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Wearable Electronic ◽  
Bending Angles

A wearable electronic system constructed with multiple sensors with different functions to obtain multidimensional information is essential for making accurate assessments of a person’s condition, which is especially beneficial for applications in the areas of health monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. In this work, using polyimide films as substrates and Pt as the constituent material of serpentine structures, flexible temperature and angle sensors were designed that can be attached to the surface of an object or the human body for monitoring purposes. In these sensors, changes in temperature and bending angle are converted into variations in resistance through thermal resistance and strain effects with a sensitivity of 0.00204/°C for temperatures in the range of 25 to 100 °C and a sensitivity of 0.00015/° for bending angles in the range of 0° to 150°. With an appropriate layout design, two sensors were integrated to measure temperature and bending angles simultaneously in order to obtain decoupled, compensated, and more accurate information of temperature and angle. Finally, the system was tested by being attached to the surface of a knee joint, demonstrating its application potential in disease diagnosis, such as in arthritis assessment.

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