On Diffusion Through Soft Filter

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Volokh
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Process ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Incompressibility Condition ◽  
Theoretical Formulation ◽  
Liquid Flux ◽  
Mobility Tensor ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Soft Polymer ◽  
High Deformability ◽  
And Diffusion

Diffusion through soft polymer filters is a nonlinear process: the increase of the pressure on the filtrating liquid does not trigger the proportional increase of the flux through the filter. There are two sources of nonlinearity: the diffusivity properties of the filter and its high deformability. In the present work we use a theoretical formulation coupling large deformations and diffusion to describe a liquid flux through a polymeric filter. Two key factors making the present formulation simple are the molecular incompressibility condition and the nonlinear mobility tensor. The developed model is calibrated based on the experiments on toluene-rubber filtration.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the adoption of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and other converged IP services in South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K.J. Tobin ◽  
M. Bidoli
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
Business Customers ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
And Diffusion

The authors embarked on this study to investigate factors likely to impact on the adoption of VoIP and other converged Internet protocol (IP) services in the SA market. The intention of this study was to lay the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of the forces shaping the market, in order to help industry participants and new entrants position themselves correctly. This is achieved by evaluating technology adoption and diffusion models, in particular Moore’s chasm model, which highlights the reasons why so many new technologies fail to break into the mainstream. Empirical research of business customers and potential customers shows that the two key factors hindering the adoption of these technologies in SA are high bandwidth costs/high costs of services and quality of service issues. The research also shows that the trend towards IP is well established in SA, with many companies having already invested in, or planning to invest in, VoIP and converged IP services.

scholarly journals The Spontaneous Imbibition of Micro/Nano Structures in Tight Matrix and the Influence on Imbibition Potential

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Caoxiong Li ◽  
Chenggang Xian ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Dandan Geng ◽  
Yinghao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Spontaneous Imbibition ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Pore Connectivity ◽  
Fractal Properties ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Specific Scale

Tight matrix has relatively low permeability and porosity, with abundant micro/nano pores. The capillary force in these pores are relatively strong, making the wetting liquid easier to be imbibed in the matrix. This process is called spontaneous imbibition. The complexity of pore structure is identified as one of the key factors influencing the imbibition process, but the detailed mechanism is not clear. Thus, in this work, a method is proposed to evaluate the influence of pore structure on imbibition process. Pore structure has fractal properties in a specific scale. By using the fractal theory, an imbibition model is provided to analyze the influence of microscopic structures on spontaneous imbibition, considering the pore size distribution and pore connectivity. Also, based on this model, the influencing factors on dimensionless imbibition and diffusion rate are discussed. Results show that the pore structure has more branches, larger and shorter sub-throats has higher chance to gain a high imbibition rate. Finally, a 3D imbibition parameter cube is constructed to determine the parameter combinations in favor of strong water diffusion potential. By utilizing the analysis method based on the fractal theory, we can effectively evaluate the imbibition potential. It is helpful to provide a guidance to evaluate the water imbibition to gas production.

scholarly journals M-Government Services Initiatives in Oman

10.28945/3389 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Naqvi ◽  
Hafedh Al-Shihi
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
National Development ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Internet Diffusion ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Diffusion

Information technology and communications have now become the main elements that move forward and help Oman in its national development process. Internet penetration in most developing countries like Oman is still low as oppose to mobiles dissemination, despite the government plans and strategies to enhance internet diffusion. Internet subscribers comprised about 2.5% of the general population of Oman. In contrast, the number of mobile holders increased substantially since the launch of these services in 1996. Prepaid mobile services and SMS were introduced in 2001 and both are currently popular with subscribers. Such fine appeal influenced many government organizations to go mobile with their services. This paper reviewed the ICT sector and the current m-government initiatives in Oman setting up the mobile services and aimed to understand the key factors to adoption and diffusion of these services.

Personal Learning Environments in the Workplace

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunangsu Chatterjee ◽  
Effie Lai-Chong Law ◽  
Alexander Mikroyannidis ◽  
Glyn Owen ◽  
Karen Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Personal Learning ◽  
Personal Learning Environments ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Diffusion

Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) have emerged as a solution to the need of learners for open and easily customisable learning environments. PLEs essentially hand complete control over the learning process to the learner. However, this learning model is not fully compatible with learning in the workplace, which is influenced by certain business factors. These factors are being investigated in this paper, through an exploratory study within a variety of private organisations in the UK. Based on the results of this study, 10 key factors affecting the adoption of PLEs in the workplace have been identified. The authors propose a framework for the adoption and diffusion of PLEs, aiming at informing decision makers within commercial organisations about the successful introduction of novel learning methodologies in their respective organisations.

scholarly journals Biomass Energy Outlook in Malaysia using Functions of Innovation Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
Fuel Subsidies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
And Diffusion

Malaysia generates significant quantities of Oil Palm Wastes (OPW) which can be potentially valorised into sustainable bioenergy as envisaged by the National Biomass Strategy (NBS-2020). Despite significant investments, policy directives and government support, the valorisation of OPW into bioenergy has remained low exacerbating waste management challenges. Therefore, the strategies and impediments to the rapid bioenergy development and bioelectricity generation from OPW require practical assessment. Therefore, this paper examines the level of development and diffusion of the biomass innovation system in Malaysia based on the Functions of Innovations Systems (FIS) approach developed by Dutch and Swedish researchers. Furthermore, the key factors hindering biomass energy technologies implementation in Malaysia and potential solutions were identified, highlighted and examined. Based on the FIS analysis the functions; entrepreneurial activities, knowledge development, and resources mobilization functions are well established in the Malaysian biomass innovation system (BIS). However, the functions of guidance of search; creation of legitimacy; knowledge diffusion and market formation are underdeveloped resulting in the low penetration of bioenergy in Malaysia. Other factors include; fossil fuel subsidies, numerous or conflicting energy policies and weak collaboration between academia and the industry. The outlined challenges can be addressed by revising fuel subsidies, Feed-in tariffs, RETs implementation, roles of supervisory agencies, and bureaucratic procedures for access to funds for research and development of bioenergy in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Effect of Mg, Fe(II), and Al Doping on CH4: Adsorption and Diffusion on the Surface of Na-Kaolinite (001) by Molecular Simulations

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Tianhe Kang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Simulations ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Al Doping ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
Strong Adsorption ◽  
Ion Doping ◽  
Ch4 Adsorption ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Peak Value

Because kaolinite includes a large range of defect elements, the effects of Mg, Fe(II), and Al doping on the CH4 adsorption and diffusion on the surface of Na-kaolinite (001) were investigated by molecular simulations. The simulation results illustrate that ion doping can significantly reduce the amount of CH4 adsorbed by kaolinite, but the type of doped ions has little effect on the amount of adsorption. The specific surface area of kaolinite and the interaction energy between CH4 and the kaolinite’s surface are two key factors that can determine CH4 adsorption capacity. The first peak value of the radial distribution functions (RDFs) between CH4 and the pure kaolinite is larger than that between Mg-, Fe(II)-, and Al-doped kaolinite, which indicates that ion doping can reduce the strength of the interactions between CH4 and the kaolinite’s surface. Besides hydrogen and oxygen atoms, interlayer sodium ions are also strong adsorption sites for CH4 and lead to a weakened interaction between CH4 and the kaolinite’s surface, as well as a decrease in CH4 adsorption. Contrary to the adsorption results, ion doping facilitates the diffusion of CH4, which is beneficial for actual shale gas extraction.

The Assessment of Durability of Fibre Concretes with Dense Aggregate and Concrete Recyclate from the Results of Permeability and Diffusion Tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 1100 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Tomáš Stavař ◽  
Michal Stehlík
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Gaseous Medium ◽  
Mass Concrete ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Fibre Concrete ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Destructive Methods

The mechanical and deformation characteristics of mass concrete are considerably improved by adding long structural fibres. This addition, however, does not always extend the durability of concrete. One of the key factors in the evaluation of durability of fibre concretes is the assessment of permeability of their surface layer using one of the non-destructive methods. In this research, three of these methods were used: two permeation methods with a gaseous medium, TORRENT and CO2 permeability method, and the British ISAT with a liquid medium, on the grounds of their simplicity of application and their possible combinability. The test results show that both TORRENT and ISAT methods can be used to assess the durability of both concrete and fibre concrete with dense aggregate. In the case of concrete containing concrete recyclate, however, the TORRENT method was not effective. Also the method of determining the permeability for CO2 was not suitable for the concrete with concrete recyclate. Even for other concretes this method was too complicated and too dependent on the marginal conditions of the measurement.

scholarly journals Standardization Procedure for Data Exchange

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Consensus Formation ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
And Diffusion

Common specification of data promotes data exchange among many and unspecified individuals and organizations. However, standardization itself tends to discourage innovation that can create new uses of data. To overcome this dilemma of innovation and standardization, this paper analyzes and proposes hypotheses regarding the process through which the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has realized innovations such as web applications by updating the standard. I hypothesize the following changes in standardization process management at the W3C as key factors supporting innovation through standardization among stakeholders with conflicting interests: (1) defining the scope of the specifications to be developed according to functions instead of technical structures; (2) design of a development management policy based on feedback from implementations, referred to as an “implementation-oriented policy”; (3) inclusion of diversified stakeholders in open standardization processes that facilitate consensus formation and the diffusion of developed standards; and (4) adopting a royalty-free to encourage third-party developers to implement proposed specifications and advance update of proposals. This single case analysis leads to the development and diffusion of common technological data specifications, which are the driving factors for innovation utilizing big data generated by exchanging data of various origins.

Meridional Circulation, Turbulence, and Diffusion Processes in Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vauclair
Keyword(s):  
Convection Zone ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
First Results ◽  
Stellar Envelopes ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Turbulence And Diffusion ◽  
Hr Diagram

This paper gives the first results of a work in progress, in collaboration with G. Michaud and G. Vauclair. It is a first attempt to compute the effects of meridional circulation and turbulence on diffusion processes in stellar envelopes. Computations have been made for a 2 Mʘstar, which lies in the Am - δ Scuti region of the HR diagram.Let us recall that in Am stars diffusion cannot occur between the two outer convection zones, contrary to what was assumed by Watson (1970, 1971) and Smith (1971), since they are linked by overshooting (Latour, 1972; Toomre et al., 1975). But diffusion may occur at the bottom of the second convection zone. According to Vauclair et al. (1974), the second convection zone, due to He II ionization, disappears after a time equal to the helium diffusion time, and then diffusion may happen at the bottom of the first convection zone, so that the arguments by Watson and Smith are preserved.

Digital imaging and quantitative image analysis of polymer blends

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Digital Imaging Systems ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Network Technologies

Polymer microscopy involves multiple imaging techniques. Speed, simplicity, and productivity are key factors in running an industrial polymer microscopy lab. In polymer science, the morphology of a multi-phase blend is often the link between process and properties. The extent to which the researcher can quantify the morphology determines the strength of the link. To aid the polymer microscopist in these tasks, digital imaging systems are becoming more prevalent. Advances in computers, digital imaging hardware and software, and network technologies have made it possible to implement digital imaging systems in industrial microscopy labs.

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