Investigation of the Tip Clearance Flow in a Compressor Cascade Using a Novel Laser Measurement Technique With High Temporal Resolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Lars Büttner ◽  
Jürgen Czarske ◽  
Marcel Gottschall ◽  
Konrad Vogeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Array Measurements ◽  
Clearance Flow

The understanding of the tip clearance flow in axial compressors is a key issue for developing new compressors with enhanced efficiency and reduced noise for instance. However, necessary flow measurements in the blade tip region and within the tip clearance are challenging due to the small gap width. The application of a novel optical measurement technique named Doppler global velocimetry with laser frequency modulation is presented, which provides velocity field measurements of all three velocity components nonintrusively in the tip clearance flow of a linear cascade at near stall conditions. These array measurements have a high temporal resolution enabling turbulence analysis such as the evaluation of velocity standard deviations and turbulence spectra up to several kilohertz. Conventional pneumatic and hot-wire measurements in planes at the inlet and the outlet as well as on the blade surface were taken to complete the flow pattern and validate the data of the Doppler global velocimetry. Wake measurements identified a strong flow separation in the rear suction side dominating the transient character of the cascade flow. Towards the endwall this high loss region is reduced by the clearance flow and the resulting vortex, which is obviously not affected by the profile separation and the pulsating blockage frequency. Inside the blade passage and the tip clearance the Doppler global velocimetry measurements allowed a spatial assignment of the origin of the tip leakage flow and the downstream developing vortex. In addition, the tip clearance vortex could be resolved and identified successfully as the most dominant turbulence generating effect in the near endwall region at this high loading operating point of the blading.

Investigation of the Tip Clearance Flow in a Compressor Cascade Using a Novel Laser Measurement Technique With High Temporal Resolution

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
Lars Bu¨ttner ◽  
Ju¨rgen Czarske ◽  
Marcel Gottschall ◽  
Ronald Mailach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Array Measurements ◽  
Clearance Flow

The understanding of the tip clearance flow in axial compressors is a key issue for developing new compressors with enhanced efficiency and reduced noise for instance. However, necessary flow measurements in the blade tip region and within the tip clearance are challenging due to the small gap width. The application of a novel optical measurement technique named Doppler global velocimetry with laser frequency modulation is presented, which provides velocity field measurements of all three velocity components non-intrusively in the tip clearance flow of a linear cascade at near stall conditions. These array measurements have a high temporal resolution enabling turbulence analysis such as the evaluation of velocity standard deviations and turbulence spectra up to several kilohertz. Conventional pneumatic and hot-wire measurements in planes at the inlet and the outlet as well as on the blade surface were taken to complete the flow pattern and validate the data of the Doppler global velocimetry. Wake measurements identified a strong flow separation in the rear suction side dominating the transient character of the cascade flow. Towards the endwall this high loss region is reduced by the clearance flow and the resulting vortex, which is obviously not affected by the profile separation and the pulsating blockage frequency. Inside the blade passage and the tip clearance the Doppler global velocimetry measurements allowed a spatial assignment of the origin of the tip leakage flow and the downstream developing vortex. In addition, the tip clearance vortex could be resolved and identified successfully as the most dominant turbulence generating effect in the near endwall region at this high loading operating point of the blading.

Numerical Investigation of Tip Clearance Flow in an Axial Compressor Cascade

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 368-371
Author(s):  
Zhi Hui Xu ◽  
He Bin Lv ◽  
Ru Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Clearance Flow ◽  
Blade Tip

Using blade tip winglet to control the tip leakage flow has been concerned in the field of turbomachinery. Computational simulation was conducted to investigate the phenomenological features of tip clearance flow. The simulation results show that suction-side winglet can reduce leakage flow intensity. The tip winglet can also decrease tip leakage mass flow and weaken tip leakage flow mixing with the mainstream and therefore reduce the total pressure loss at the blade tip.

Experimental Investigation on Tip Clearance Flow of Compressor Cascade With Blade Tip Winglet

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaobing Han ◽  
Jingjun Zhong ◽  
Huawei Lu ◽  
Xiaoxu Kan ◽  
Haiyang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Clearance Flow ◽  
Blade Tip

This paper presents the results of experimental research of flow in an axial compressor cascade with different types of winglet on the blade tip, which consists of a suction-side winglet, pressure-side winglet and the combined winglet. The detailed tip leakage flow field with different winglet was described with total pressure loss coefficient, secondary streamline and axial vorticity on the cascade exit flow field. The mechanisms of the three passive control methods were illuminated. The result indicated that the tip clearance flow strengths could be reduced in all the three control strategies. The compressor aerodynamic performance could be improved via the addition of tip winglets. The suction-side winglet had the best effect on the cascade flow field, and the strength of leakage vortex and the associated mixture losses were reduced.

Numerical Simulation of Tip Clearance Control in Axial Turbine Rotor: Part 2—Passive Control of Five Different Tip Platforms

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Wei-Yang Qiao ◽  
Kai-Fu Xu ◽  
Hua-Ling Luo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Clearance Flow

The tip leakage flow has significant effects on turbine in loss production, aerodynamic efficiency, etc. Then it’s important to minimize these effects for a better performance by adopting corresponding flow control. The active turbine tip clearance flow control with injection from the tip platform is given in Part-1 of this paper. This paper is Part-2 of the two-part papers focusing on the effect of five different passive turbine tip clearance flow control methods on the tip clearance flow physics, which consists of a partial suction side squealer tip (Partial SS Squealer), a double squealer tip (Double Side Squealer), a pressure side tip shelf with inclined squealer tip on a double squealer tip (Improved PS Squealer), a tip platform extension edge in pressure side (PS Extension) and in suction side (SS Extension) respectively. Combined with the turbine rotor and the numerical method mentioned in Part 1, the effects of passive turbine tip clearance flow controls on the tip clearance flow were sequentially simulated. The detailed tip clearance flow fields with different squealer rims were described with the streamline and the velocity vector in various planes parallel to the tip platform or normal to the tip leakage vortex core. Accordingly, the mechanisms of five passive controls were put in evidence; the effects of the passive controls on the turbine efficiency and the tip clearance flow field were highlighted. The results show that the secondary flow loss near the outer casing including the tip leakage flow and the casing boundary layer can be reduced in all the five passive control methods. Comparing the active control with the passive control, the effect brought by the active injection control on the tip leakage flow is evident. The turbine rotor efficiency could be increased via the rational passive turbine tip clearance flow control. The Improved PS Squealer had the best effect on turbine rotor efficiency, and it increased by 0.215%.

Method for Non-Dimensional Tip Leakage Flow Characterization in Radial Turbines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ramón Serrano ◽  
Roberto Navarro ◽  
Luis Miguel García-Cuevas ◽  
Lukas Benjamin Inhestern
Keyword(s):  
Suction Side ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Navier Stokes Equation ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clearance Flow

Tip leakage loss characterization and modeling plays an important role in small size radial turbine research. The momentum of the flow passing through the tip gap is highly related with the tip leakage losses. The ratio of fluid momentum driven by the pressure gradient between suction side and pressure side and the fluid momentum caused by the shroud friction has been widely used to analyze and to compare different sized tip clearances. However, the commonly used number for building this momentum ratio lacks some variables, as the blade tip geometry data and the viscosity of the used fluid. To allow the comparison between different sized turbocharger turbine tip gaps, work has been put into finding a consistent characterization of radial tip clearance flow. Therefore, a non-dimensional number has been derived from the Navier Stokes Equation. This number can be calculated like the original ratio over the chord length. Using the results of wide range CFD data, the novel tip leakage number has been compared with the traditional and widely used ratio. Furthermore, the novel tip leakage number can be separated into three different non-dimensional factors. First, a factor dependent on the radial dimensions of the tip gap has been found. Second, a factor defined by the viscosity, the blade loading, and the tip width has been identified. Finally, a factor that defines the coupling between both flow phenomena. These factors can further be used to filter the tip gap flow, obtained by CFD, with the influence of friction driven and pressure driven momentum flow.

scholarly journals A Trade-Off Study of Rotor Tip Clearance Flow in a Turbine/Exhaust Diffuser System

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Farokhi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Efficiency Gain ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Clearance Flow ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

In a modern gas turbine power plant, the axial exhaust diffuser accounts for up to 10% of the generator power. An unshrouded rotor, due to its highly energetic tip clearance flow, improves the pressure recovery characteristic of the exhaust diffuser, while the power production within the blading suffers a loss as a result of the tip leakage flow. In this paper, these conflicting trends are thermodynamically investigated and nondimensional expressions are derived which facilitate the task of a gas turbine system designer. Conservatively, 1% thermal efficiency gain results from elimination of the last rotor tip clearance flow. The corresponding increase in thermal efficiency of a modern gas turbine power plant due to enhanced diffuser pressure recovery is less than one percent.

Tip Clearance Flow Induced Endwall Boundary Layer Separation in a Single–Stage Axial–Flow Low–Speed Compressor

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Saathoff ◽  
Udo Stark
Keyword(s):  
Axial Flow ◽  
Boundary Layer Separation ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Clearance Flow

The paper describes an investigation of the overtip end-wall flow in a single–stage axial–flow low–speed compressor utilizing an oil flow technique and a periodic multisampling pressure measurement technique. Representative oil flow pictures and ensemble averaged casingwall pressure distributions with standard deviations — supplemented by selected endwall oil flow pictures from a corresponding 2D compressor cascade — are shown and carefully analysed. The results enable the key features of the overtip endwall flow to be identified and changes with flow rate — or inlet angle — to be determined.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tip Clearance Gap Size and Wall Rotation on the Performance of a High-Speed Annular Compressor Cascade

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Doukelis ◽  
K. Mathioudakis ◽  
K. Papailiou
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Clearance Flow ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Probe Measurements

The performance of a high speed annular compressor cascade for different clearance gap sizes, with stationary or rotating hub wall is investigated. Five hole probe measurements, conducted at the inlet and outlet of the cascade, are used to derive blade performance characteristics, in the form of loss and turning distributions. Characteristics are presented in the form of circumferentially mass averaged profiles, while distributions on the exit plane provide information useful to interpret the performance of the blading. Static pressure distributions on the surface of the blades as well as inside the tip clearance gap have also been measured. A set of four clearance gap sizes, in addition to zero clearance data for the stationary wall, gives the possibility to observe the dependence of performance characteristics on clearance size, and establish the influence of rotating the hub. Overall performance is related to features of the tip clearance flow. Increasing the clearance size is found to increase losses in the clearance region, while it affects the flow in the entire passage. Wall rotation is found to improve the performance of the cascade.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study of Tip Clearance Flow in a Radial Inflow Turbine

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dambach ◽  
H. P. Hodson ◽  
I. Huntsman
Keyword(s):  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Tip Leakage Flow ◽  
Axial Turbine ◽  
Tip Clearance Flow ◽  
Tip Leakage ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Clearance Flow ◽  
Radial Inflow Turbine

This paper describes an experimental investigation of tip clearance flow in a radial inflow turbine. Flow visualisation and static pressure measurements were performed. These were combined with hot-wire traverses into the tip gap. The experimental data indicates that the tip clearance flow in a radial turbine can be divided into three regions. The first region is located at the rotor inlet, where the influence of relative casing motion dominates the flow over the tip. The second region is located towards midchord, where the effect of relative casing motion is weakened. Finally a third region exists in the exducer, where the effect of relative casing motion becomes small and the leakage flow resembles the tip flow behaviour in an axial turbine. Integration of the velocity profiles showed that there is little tip leakage in the first part of the rotor because of the effect of scraping. It was found that the bulk of tip leakage flow in a radial turbine passes through the exducer. The mass flow rate, measured at four chordwise positions, was compared with a standard axial turbine tip leakage model. The result revealed the need for a model suited to radial turbines. The hot-wire measurements also indicated a higher tip gap loss in the exducer of the radial turbine. This explains why the stage efficiency of a radial inflow turbine is more affected by increasing the radial clearance than by increasing the axial clearance.

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