Energy Usage in Natural Gas Pipeline Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
Klaus Brun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

Energy required to transport the fluid is an important parameter to be analyzed and minimized in pipeline applications. However, the pipeline system requirements and equipment could impose different constraints for operating pipelines in the best manner possible. One of the critical parameters that it is looked at closely, is the machines’ efficiency to avoid unfavorable operating conditions and to save energy costs. However, a compression-transport system includes more than one machine and more than one station working together at different conditions. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the entire compression system should be conducted to obtain a real power usage optimization. This paper presents a case study that is focused on analyzing natural gas transport system flow maximization while optimizing the usage of the available compression power. Various operating scenarios and machine spare philosophies are considered to identify the most suitable conditions for an optimum operation of the entire system. Modeling of pipeline networks has increased in the past decade due to the use of powerful computational tools that provide good quality representation of the real pipeline conditions. Therefore, a computational pipeline model was developed and used to simulate the gas transmission system. All the compressors’ performance maps and their driver data such as heat rate curves for the fuel consumption, site data, and running speed correction curves for the power were loaded in the model for each machine. The pipeline system covers 218 miles of hilly terrain with two looped pipelines of 38″ and 36″ in diameter. The entire system includes three compressor stations along its path with different configurations and equipment. For the optimization, various factors such as good efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions, maximum flexibility of configuration, fuel consumption and high power available were analyzed. The flow rate was maximized by using instantaneous maximum compression capacity at each station while maintaining fixed boundary conditions. This paper presents typical parameters that affect the energy usage in natural gas pipeline applications and discusses a case study that covers an entire pipeline. A modeling approach and basic considerations are presented as well as the results obtained for the optimization.

Energy Usage in Natural Gas Pipeline Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
Klaus Brun
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

Energy required to transport the fluid is an important parameter to be analyzed and minimized in pipeline applications. However, the pipeline system requirements and equipment could impose different constraints for operating pipelines in the best manner possible. One of the critical parameters that is looked at closely, is the machines’ efficiency to avoid unfavorable operating conditions and to save energy costs. However, a compression-transport system includes more than one machine and more than one station working together at different conditions. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the entire compression system should be conducted to obtain a real power usage optimization. This paper presents a case study that is focused on analyzing natural gas transport system flow maximization while optimizing the usage of the available compression power. Various operating scenarios and machine spare philosophies are considered to identify the most suitable conditions for an optimum operation of the entire system. Modeling of pipeline networks has increased in the past decade due to the use of powerful computational tools that provide good quality representation of the real pipeline conditions. Therefore, a computational pipeline model was developed and used to simulate the gas transmission system. All the compressors’ performance maps and their driver data such as heat rate curves for the fuel consumption, site data, and running speed correction curves for the power were loaded in the model for each machine. The pipeline system covers 218 miles of hilly terrain with two looped pipelines of 38″ and 36″ in diameter. The entire system includes three compressor stations along its path with different configurations and equipment. For the optimization, various factors such as good efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions, maximum flexibility of configuration, fuel consumption and high power available were analyzed. The flow rate was maximized by using instantaneous maximum compression capacity at each station while maintaining fixed boundary conditions. This paper presents typical parameters that affect the energy usage in natural gas pipeline applications and discusses a case study that covers an entire pipeline. A modeling approach and basic considerations are presented as well as the results obtained for the optimization.

scholarly journals Design and Application of a Natural Gas Pipeline Optimization Program

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Total System ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Transmission Pipeline

A software package which optimizes natural gas pipeline operation for minimum fuel consumption is in use on a commercial transmission pipeline. This Optimization Program has resulted in pipeline fuel savings in daily pipeline operation. In addition, the effect of a new compressor/turbine unit on the pipeline system as a whole can be accurately and easily quantified through use of the Optimization Program before the unit is even installed. The results from one turbine replacement study showed the total system fuel consumption and operating hours predicted for each unit were not directly related to a high turbine efficiency. This paper describes the simulation techniques used for the gas turbine and compressor modeling. The methodology behind the system-wide optimization is also provided, along with a detailed discussion of the program application to gas turbine and compressor replacement studies.

The Dynamic Simulation of a Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1244-1248
Author(s):  
Shan Bi Peng ◽  
En Bin Liu ◽  
Xiao Chun Du ◽  
Rong Lin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Condition Change ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The One

With the growth of the natural gas market, the long distance natural gas pipeline system is getting more and more important in nowadays. As a united and enclosed hydraulic system, the operation conditions of the whole line will be changed by the influence of the condition change in one station. On the one hand, the condition change made people analyze operation scheme more difficult, on the other hand, pipeline system operating conditions directly affect the relationship between the production and the sales of natural gas. Therefore, the operation of the gas pipeline must be optimized, which brings huge economic and social benefits. This paper constructed a simulation model of a long distance natural gas pipeline by TG.net, and then analyzed the change of the operating condition of the pipeline after a compressor station shut down, found out the regularity.

scholarly journals Oil Free Compression on a Natural Gas Pipeline

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Cataford ◽  
R. P. Lancee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Magnetic Bearings ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Booster Compressor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gas Seals ◽  
Shaft Seals ◽  
Past Experiences

Oil entrainment in the natural gas stream together with maintenance associated with oil systems have been long standing problems in booster compressors on a natural gas pipeline system. The use of dry gas shaft seals and active magnetic bearings will effectively eliminate the use of oil systems in gas compression. The paper will deal with the history of TransCanada PipeLines’ past experiences with oil eliminating devices, the theory of dry gas seals and magnetic bearings, the effects on rotor dynamics of magnetic bearings and the recent installation of a set of seals and bearings in a booster compressor unit, in service on the TransCanada PipeLines system.

scholarly journals Simulation Model and Case Study of Drainage Process After Pressure Test of Large Drop Natural Gas Pipeline

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 39241-39253
Author(s):  
Enbin Liu ◽  
Yong Peng ◽  
Shanbi Peng ◽  
Haiyang Sun ◽  
Weibiao Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pressure Test

Planning for Purging and Loading of a Newly Constructed Gas Pipeline System Using a Pipeline Simulator

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Mohitpour ◽  
J. Kazakoff ◽  
Andrew Jenkins ◽  
David Montemurro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Constant Practice

Purging of a gas pipeline is the process of displacing the air/nitrogen by natural gas in an accepted constant practice in the natural gas pipeline industry. It is done when pipelines are put into service. Gas Pipelines are also purged out of service. In this case they are filled with air or other neutral gases. Traditionally, “purging” a newly constructed pipeline system is carried out by introducing high pressure gas into one end of the pipeline section to force air out of the pipeline through the outlet until 100% gas is detected at the outlet end. While this technique will achieve the purpose of purging air out of the pipeline, it gives little or no consideration to minimizing the emission of methane gas into the atmosphere. With the advances of the pipeline simulation technology, it is possible through simulation to develop a process to minimize the gas to air interface and thereby minimize the emission of methane gas. In addition, simulation can also be used to predict the timing of purging and loading of the pipeline. Therefore, scheduling of manpower and other activities can be more accurately interfaced. In this paper a brief background to purging together with a summary of current industry practices are provided. A simplified purging calculation method is described and a simulation technique using commercially available software is provided for planning purging and loading operations of gas pipeline systems. An Example is provided of a recently constructed pipeline (Mayakan Gas Pipeline System) in Mexico to demonstrate how the planning process was developed and carried out through the use of this simulation technique. Simulation results are compared with field data collected during the actual purging and loading of the Mayakan Pipeline.

scholarly journals Options of natural gas pipeline reassignment for hydrogen: Cost assessment for a Germany case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (21) ◽  
pp. 12095-12107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonas Cerniauskas ◽  
Antonio Jose Chavez Junco ◽  
Thomas Grube ◽  
Martin Robinius ◽  
Detlef Stolten
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Cost Assessment ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofit of a Major Natural Gas Pipeline System: A Case History

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma Wijewickreme ◽  
Douglas Honegger ◽  
Allen Mitchell ◽  
Trevor Fitzell
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Systems

The performance of pipeline systems during earthquakes is a critical consideration in seismically active areas. Unique approaches to quantitative estimation of regional seismic vulnerability were developed for a seismic vulnerability assessment and upgrading program of a 500-km-long natural gas pipeline system in British Columbia, Canada. Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading was characterized in a probabilistic manner and generic pipeline configurations were modeled using finite elements. These approaches, developed during the early part of this 10-year program, are more robust than typical approaches currently used to assess energy pipeline systems. The methodology deployed within a GIS environment provided rational means of distinguishing between seismically vulnerable sites, and facilitated the prioritization of remedial works. While ground improvement or pipeline retrofit measures were appropriate for upgrading most of the vulnerable sites, replacement of pipeline segments using horizontal directional drilling to avoid liquefiable zones were required for others.

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