Magnetic Nanofilms for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Sinibaldi ◽  
Virginia Pensabene ◽  
Silvia Taccola ◽  
Stefano Palagi ◽  
Arianna Menciassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Precise Positioning ◽  
Magnetic Components ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Field State ◽  
Effective Use

Polymeric ultrathin films, also called nanofilms or nanosheets, show peculiar properties making them potentially useful for several applications in biomedicine, e.g., as nanoplasters for localized drug release or as a new solution for closing endoluminal surgical wounds. In this sense, one of most challenging issues is film control in the working environment: the possibility of including magnetic components, such as magnetic nanoparticles or nanotubes, paves the way for the effective use of nanofilms in the human body, by allowing precise positioning by an external magnetic field. State of the art and new perspectives of magnetic nanofilms for biomedical applications are here presented, including fabrication, modeling, characterization and validation.

scholarly journals Review of Multi-Physics Modeling on the Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigeration

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Julien Eustache ◽  
Antony Plait ◽  
Frédéric Dubas ◽  
Raynal Glises
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Physics Modeling

Compared to conventional vapor-compression refrigeration systems, magnetic refrigeration is a promising and potential alternative technology. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is used to produce heat and cold sources through a magnetocaloric material (MCM). The material is submitted to a magnetic field with active magnetic regenerative refrigeration (AMRR) cycles. Initially, this effect was widely used for cryogenic applications to achieve very low temperatures. However, this technology must be improved to replace vapor-compression devices operating around room temperature. Therefore, over the last 30 years, a lot of studies have been done to obtain more efficient devices. Thus, the modeling is a crucial step to perform a preliminary study and optimization. In this paper, after a large introduction on MCE research, a state-of-the-art of multi-physics modeling on the AMRR cycle modeling is made. To end this paper, a suggestion of innovative and advanced modeling solutions to study magnetocaloric regenerator is described.

scholarly journals Challenges in the Fabrication of Biodegradable and Implantable Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gierej ◽  
Thomas Geernaert ◽  
Sandra Van Vlierberghe ◽  
Peter Dubruel ◽  
Hugo Thienpont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Optically Transparent

The limited penetration depth of visible light in biological tissues has encouraged researchers to develop novel implantable light-guiding devices. Optical fibers and waveguides that are made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials offer a straightforward but effective approach to overcome this issue. In the last decade, various optically transparent biomaterials, as well as different fabrication techniques, have been investigated for this purpose, and in view of obtaining fully fledged optical fibers. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of biocompatible and biodegradable optical fibers. Whilst several reviews that focus on the chemical properties of the biomaterials from which these optical waveguides can be made have been published, a systematic review about the actual optical fibers made from these materials and the different fabrication processes is not available yet. This prompted us to investigate the essential properties of these biomaterials, in view of fabricating optical fibers, and in particular to look into the issues related to fabrication techniques, and also to discuss the challenges in the use and operation of these optical fibers. We close our review with a summary and an outline of the applications that may benefit from these novel optical waveguides.

Effects of magnetic field on blood flow with suspended copper nanoparticles through an artery with overlapping stenosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Umadevi ◽  
G. Harpriya ◽  
M. Dhange ◽  
G. Nageswari
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Stenosed Artery

The flow of blood mixed with copper nanoparticles in an overlapping stenosed artery is reported in the presence of a magnetic field. The presence of stenosis is known to impede blood flow and to be the cause of different cardiac diseases. The governing nonlinear equations are rendered dimensionless and attempted under the conditions of mild stenosis. The analytical solutions for velocity, resistance to the flow, wall shear stress, temperature, and streamlines are obtained and analyzed through graphs. The obtained outcomes show that the temperature variation in copper nanoparticles concentrated blood is more and flow resistance is less when compared to pure blood. The investigations reveal that copper nanoparticles are effective to reduce the hemodynamics of stenosis and could be helpful in biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Remote manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles using magnetic field gradient to promote cancer cell death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendran Subramanian ◽  
Arkadiusz Miaskowski ◽  
Stuart Iain Jenkins ◽  
Jenson Lim ◽  
Jon Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Field Source ◽  
Remote Manipulation ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractThe manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) using an external magnetic field, has been demonstrated to be useful in various biomedical applications. Some techniques have evolved utilizing this non-invasive external stimulus but the scientific community widely adopts few, and there is an excellent potential for more novel methods. The primary focus of this study is on understanding the manipulation of MNPs by a time-varying static magnetic field and how this can be used, at different frequencies and displacement, to manipulate cellular function. Here we explore, using numerical modeling, the physical mechanism which underlies this kind of manipulation, and we discuss potential improvements which would enhance such manipulation with its use in biomedical applications, i.e., increasing the MNP response by improving the field parameters. From our observations and other related studies, we infer that such manipulation depends mostly on the magnetic field gradient, the magnetic susceptibility and size of the MNPs, the magnet array oscillating frequency, the viscosity of the medium surrounding MNPs, and the distance between the magnetic field source and the MNPs. Additionally, we demonstrate cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in vitro. This was induced by incubation with MNPs, followed by exposure to a magnetic field gradient, physically oscillating at various frequencies and displacement amplitudes. Even though this technique reliably produces MNP endocytosis and/or cytotoxicity, a better biophysical understanding is required to develop the mechanism used for this precision manipulation of MNPs, in vitro.

scholarly journals Contributions by RG Giovanelli to the Study of Magnetic Field Structures

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
W Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Solar Surface ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Processing System ◽  
National Observatory ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
First Time

R. G. Giovanelli was appointed as a Visiting Scientist at Kitt Peak National Observatory for six months in both 1975 and 1979, and then for an entire year in 1981. These times proved fruitful to him as well as to the Observatory. The Vacuum Telescope and its 512-channel magnetograph had been completed and were operational. Complementing this was a new powerful 2D image analysis machine called the Interactive Picture Processing System (IPPS). For the first time, solar surface features could be quantitatively observed, usually to a seeing limited resolution composed of arcsec pixels, and then readily analysed as pictures. As is often the case, those who built the instruments remained preoccupied with their perfection, and it fell to Giovanelli to put these new tools to effective use. He did this in a series of research efforts reviewed in the present paper. Happily, he drew many of us in Tucson into his projects, injecting us with enthusiasm and enlarging our knowledge of solar physics in the process.

Sinusoidal magnetic field stimulates magnetosome formation and affects mamA, mms13, mms6, and magA expression in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Wang ◽  
Likun Liang ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
Longfei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
Variable Intensity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sinusoidal Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetospirillum Magneticum

Magnetic particles are currently one of the most important materials in the industrial sector, where they have been widely used for biotechnological and biomedical applications. To investigate the effects of the imposed magnetic field on biomineralization in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 and to suggest a new approach that enhances formation of magnetosomes, cultures inoculated with either magnetic or nonmagnetic precultures were incubated under a sinusoidal magnetic field or geomagnetic field. The results showed that the sinusoidal magnetic field up-regulated mms6 expression in the cultures inoculated with magnetic cells, and magA, mms6, and mamA expression in the cultures inoculated with nonmagnetic cells. The applied sinusoidal magnetic field could block cell division, which could contribute to a decrease in the OD600 values and an increase in the coefficient of magnetism values of the cultures, which could mean that the percentage of mature magnetosome-containing bacteria was increased. The linearity of magnetosome chains was affected, but the number of magnetic particles in cells was increased when a sinusoidal magnetic field was applied to the cultures. The results imply that the variable intensity and orientation of the sinusoidal magnetic field resulted in magnetic pole conversion in the newly forming magnetic particles, which could affect the formation of magnetic crystals and the arrangement of the adjacent magnetosome.

Magnetic Nano-Systems in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 663-695
Author(s):  
Saritha R. Shetty ◽  
Archana Upadhya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Nanoscale Science ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Unique Ability

Nanotechnology is that sphere of technology that involves the participation of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering sciences. Nanoscale science defines the chemistry and physics of structures lying in the range of 1-100 nm. Among the nanosystems researched, magnetic nanosystems are highlighted due their unique ability, which enables their targeting to specific locations on application of an external magnetic field. The exhibited property of these magnetic nanosystems being super-paramagnetism, there is no retention of magnetic property on removal of the magnetic field, thus enabling a reversion of the targeting process. For effective utilization of these nanosystems, they should be reduced to nanosizes, layered with biocompatible entities, stabilized, and functionalized. In the chapter, synthesis and functionalization and stabilization are elucidated. The biomedical applications such as targeted delivery, MRI, magnetic hyperthermia, tissue engineering, gene delivery, magnetic immunotherapy, magnetic detoxification, and nanomagnetic actuation are discussed.

scholarly journals A technologist view of the next decade evolution of the librarian work environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 09004
Author(s):  
André Schaaff ◽  
Marc Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Mining Machine ◽  
Daily Work

The work environment has deeply evolved in recent decades with the generalisation of IT in terms of hardware, online resources and software. Librarians do not escape this movement and their working environment is becoming essentially digital (databases, online publications, Wikis, specialised software, etc.). With the Big Data era, new tools will be available, implementing artificial intelligence, text mining, machine learning, etc. Most of these technologies already exist but they will become widespread and strongly impact our ways of working. The development of social networks that are "business" oriented will also have an increasing influence. In this context, it is interesting to reflect on how the work environment of librarians will evolve. Maintaining interest in the daily work is fundamental and over-automation is not desirable. It is imperative to keep the human-driven factor. We draw on state of the art new technologies which impact their work, and initiate a discussion about how to integrate them while preserving their expertise.

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