Finite Element Modeling of Simultaneous Ultrasonic Bumping With Au Balls

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Ho Song ◽  
Ali Karimi ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Michael Mayer ◽  
Norman Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bump Height ◽  
Ultrasonic Bonding ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Microelectronic Components

Bumping of microcircuits and substrates establishes interconnect points required for subsequent bonding of microelectronic components, allowing for power and data distribution. Simultaneous ultrasonic bonding of individual Au balls promises to accelerate bumping processes and is studied using a finite element model. The model covers the static forces at the end of a successful bonding operation and analyzes the interfacial stresses between bumps and substrate. The modeling shows the vertical forces acting on the bumps when a lateral displacement of the bonding tool is applied. When designing a practical bonding application, the control of such vertical forces is recommended. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the effect of the main factors on the model responses. This analysis reveals that variations in bump height and bonding tool elastic modulus are the major factors affecting the forces on the bumps.

Internal Versus External Cracking—Their Impact on the Fatigue Life of Modern Smoothbore Autofrettaged Tank Gun Barrels

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Perl ◽  
T. Saley
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Fatigue Crack Initiation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Initial Crack ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
External Crack ◽  
Crack Initiation Life ◽  
Major Factors

Abstract An extensive analysis of the fatigue life of a typical modern autofrettaged smoothbore tank barrel, cracked either internally or externally, in terms of the initial crack depth and shape, type and level of autofrettage, was conducted. Five overstraining cases were considered: no-autofrettage, 70% and 100% hydraulic autofrettage, and 70% and 100% swage autofrettage. KINmax, the maximum combined stress intensity factor (SIF) KINmax = (KIP + KIA) max, due to both internal pressure and autofrettage, as a function of crack depth for a large number of internal and external crack configurations was determined by the finite element method (FEM). A novel realistic experimentally based autofrettage model, incorporating the Bauschinger effect, was integrated into the finite element model, replicating both the hydraulic and swage autofrettage residual stress fields (RSFs) accurately. Fatigue lives were evaluated by integrating Paris' Law using the above values of KINmax. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results: hydraulic and swage autofrettage have a dramatic beneficial effect in extending the fatigue life of an overstrained barrel 4–11 times as compared to an identical nonautofrettaged tube. The fatigue life of overstrained barrels is controlled by internal cracking, for barrels overstrained by up to ε = 100% hydraulic autofrettage, by up to ε = 70% in the case of swage autofrettage, and by external cracking for ε = 100% swage autofrettaged. Eliminating or carefully designing stress concentrators on the tube's external face and keeping away from corrosive agents thus, extending the fatigue-crack initiation life of an external crack, enables the increase of the level of swage autofrettage to up to ε = 100%. Swage autofrettage is much more superior to hydraulic autofrettage. The fatigue life of a 70% swaged autofrettaged barrel is 1.5 times higher than that of a 100% hydraulically autofrettaged tube. If full swage autofrettage is permissible, the fatigue life of such a barrel is twofold that of a fully hydraulically autofrettaged tube. Unlike the commonly accepted concept, the level of hydraulic autofrettage should not be limited to 70%, and full hydraulic autofrettage should be used. Similarly, in the case of swage autofrettage, if the detrimental effect of external cracking is removed by proper design and maintenance of the tube's outer surface, the level of autofrettage can be increased to up to ε = 100%, thus, gaining an increase of 33% in the fatigue life as compared to overstraining the barrel to only ε = 70%. Initial crack depth and shape are major factors affecting the fatigue life of the barrel. The deeper the initial crack depth, a0, and the slenderer its shape, a/c→ 0, the shorter the fatigue life of the barrel.

The Analysis of Influencing Factors for Seismic Performance of Load-Bearing Wall Using Light Artificial Block

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1498-1504
Author(s):  
Jing Hai Yu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Tian Hui Fei
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Earthquake Resistance ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Shear Performance ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Resistance Performance

This article analyzed the influencing factors for earthquake resistance performance of load-bearing wall through the establishment of finite element model and the reasonable load way. The factors of vertical stress, masonry strength, and horizontal reinforcement strip were analyzed, and relevant conclusions were drawn. The results indicate that the masonry strength is the main factors affecting shear performance of the wall and the horizontal reinforcement strip enhance the seismic behavior of the wall.

scholarly journals Response of the Flat Reinforced Concrete Floor Slab with Openings under Cyclic In-Plane Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eden Shukri Kalib ◽  
Yohannes Werkina Shewalul
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Floor Slab ◽  
Floor Slabs

The responses of flat reinforced concrete (RC) floor slabs with openings subjected to horizontal in-plane cyclic loads in addition to vertical service loads were investigated using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). A finite element model (FEM) was designed to perform a parametric analysis. The effects of opening sizes (7%, 14%, 25%, and 30% of the total area of the slab), opening shapes (elliptical, circular, L-shaped, T-shaped, cross, and rectangular), and location on the hysteretic behavior of the floor slab were considered. The research indicated that openings in RC floor slabs reduce the energy absorption capacity and stiffness of the floor slab. The inclusion of 30% opening on the floor slab causes a 68.5%, 47.3%, and 45.6% drop in lateral load capacity, stiffness, and lateral displacement, respectively, compared to the floor slab with no openings. The flat RC floor slab with a circular opening shape has increased efficiency. The placement of the openings is more desirable by positioning the openings at the intersection of two-column strips.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Severity of Placental Abruption in Pregnant Vehicle Drivers: Analysis with a Novel Finite Element Model

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Katsunori Tanaka ◽  
Yasuki Motozawa ◽  
Kentaro Takahashi ◽  
Tetsuo Maki ◽  
Masahito Hitosugi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Collision Velocity ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Factors Affecting

We clarified factors affecting the severity of placental abruption in motor vehicle collisions by quantitively analyzing the area of placental abruption in a numerical simulation of an unrestrained pregnant vehicle driver at collision velocities of 3 and 6 m/s. For the simulation, we constructed a novel finite element model of a small 30-week pregnant woman, which was validated anthropometrically using computed tomography data and biomechanically using previous examinations of post-mortem human subjects. In the simulation, stress in the elements of the utero–placental interface was computed, and those elements exceeding a failure criterion were considered to be abrupted. It was found that a doubling of the collision velocity increased the area of placental abruption 10-fold, and the abruption area was approximately 20% for a collision velocity of 6 m/s, which is lower than the speed limit for general roads. This result implies that even low-speed vehicle collisions have negative maternal and fetal outcomes owing to placental abruption without a seatbelt restraint. Additionally, contact to the abdomen, 30 mm below the umbilicus, led to a larger placental abruption area than contact at the umbilicus level when the placenta was located at the uterus fundus. The results support that a reduction in the collision speed and seatbelt restraint at a suitable position are important to decrease the placental abruption area and therefore protect a pregnant woman and her fetus in a motor vehicle collision.

Numerical Study of Welding Sequence on the Residual Stress Field in a Thick-Walled Tee Joint

2011 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 1211-1214
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Welding Sequence ◽  
Welding Sequences ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Finite element simulation is an efficient method for studying factors affecting weld-induced residual stress distributions. In this paper, a validated three-dimensional finite element model consisting of sequentially coupled thermal and structural analyses was developed. Three possible symmetrical welding sequences, i.e. one-welder, two-welder and four-welder sequence, which were perceived to generate the least distortion in actual welding circumstances, were proposed and their influences on the residual stress fields in a thick-walled tee joint were investigated. Appropriate conclusions and recommendations regarding welding sequences are presented.

Mechanical Strength Analysis and Structure Improvement of Diaphragm Chamber Based on Finite Element Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1945-1949
Author(s):  
Xue Qin Ling ◽  
Peng Fu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structure Improvement ◽  
Major Factors

Diaphragm chamber is the key component in fluid end of high pressure diaphragm pump for long distance pipeline transportation. Structural dimensions are the major factors affecting mechanical strength and manufacturing cost of diaphragm chamber. In this paper, diaphragm chamber was simulated by finite element analysis software ANSYS. Mechanical strength of diaphragm chamber was checked in the light of ASMEVIII-2. The structure of diaphragm chamber was modified for the purpose of extending service life and reducing production costs. The analysis results provide some theoretical guidance for research and development of diaphragm chambers and relevant products.

Finite Element Analysis on Stability for Elastic-Jumping Membrane

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ting Wu ◽  
Shun Jiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Critical Load ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Structure Parameter ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Optimizing Design ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Stability

In order to increase the designing precision and study the main factors influencing the stability of metal elastic-jumping membrane, a set of experimental equipments have been designed to test the stability of metal elastic-jumping membrane. The laws of influencing the stability of elastic-jumping membrane were studies by changing the thickness, high, radius etc structure parameter. It shows that the increasing of high and thickness can enhance the distortion rigidity of metal elastic-jumping membrane, result in the increase of critical load at losing stability; the increasing of diameter can reduce the distortion rigidity of metal elastic-jumping membrane, result in the decrease of critical load at losing stability. At the same time, the correctness of finite element model was confirmed, and the basis was established for finite element method applying in optimizing design of metal elastic-jumping membrane.

Study on Construction of Long Span and Soft Rock Tunnel with Numerical Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 964-967
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Xiao Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Tunnel Excavation ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Element Program ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Rock Tunnel

With characteristics of the long span and soft rock tunnel, this paper analyzes the main factors affecting tunnel stable on the basis of the way of tunnel excavation method. The large finite element program is used in research of a tunnel, with a numerical simulation of two different way, top heading and bench method and double side drift method. From the result of stress field and displacement field of the tunnel , some useful conclusion are obtained, that double side drift method is appropriate for this kind of soft rock tunnel.

Optimization Design of CTP Imaging Drum Based on ANSYS

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1781-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Fang Xing ◽  
Xiao Yu Ni ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Du Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Design Variables

In the imaging process, the deformation of the plate caused by the structure of the drum, finally affecting the quality of the plate, we analyze and optimize the structure of the drum using the finite element method. Selecting the larger three factors affecting the plate deformation as the design variables, and taking minimizing the maximum deformation of the plate as the objective function, we establish the optimization model of the structure of the drum. We use the APDL parametrization language to create the geometric model and finite element model of the drum, and select the contact element to simulate the relationship between the plate and the surface of the drum, and use ANSYS software to optimize the optimization model. It is shown form the result that: the minimum of the maximum deformation of the drum getting from the 8th iteration is 0.0021535mm, significantly reduced compared with the initial value 0.002864mm. At this point, the internal diameter D2 of the drum is 300.04mm, the groove width L2 is 14.323mm, the external diameter of groove height D3 is 338.44mm. It indicates that that the smaller the internal diameter of the drum and the narrower the guide groove on the drum surface are, the smaller the maximum deformation of the plate is, and the guide groove height has little influence on the deformation. The results can be provided as theoretical reference for the design of CTP imaging drum, which has popularization and application value.

A Wear Simulation of the Fixed Soft Abrasive Film Based on Discrete Element Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 1017 ◽  
pp. 452-457
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhong Zhou ◽  
Kai Ping Feng ◽  
Ju Long Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Element Model ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Particle Flow Code ◽  
Discrete Element Model ◽  
Optic Fiber ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Simulation Results

A new polishing method by using fixed soft abrasive film is proposed to polish the end-face of the optic fiber connector. In order to study the wear property of the fixed soft abrasive film, the Particle Flow Code program was employed to simulate the interaction of surface topography. The discrete element model of the optic fiber connector and the fixed soft abrasive film were established. Through the interaction of the surface of two models, the process of contact and friction between the fixed soft abrasive film and the end-face of the optic fiber connector could be simulated. Simulation results showed that the main factors affecting the wear of the fixed soft abrasive film were pressure and speed, which mainly affected the normal stress and the tangential stress respectively. And the wear of the surface was mainly related to pressure and speed. The greater the speed and pressure were, the more serious wear of the fixed soft abrasive film was.

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