Closure to “Discussions of ‘A Study of the Normal and Shear Stresses on a Cutting Tool’” (1966, ASME J. Eng. Ind., 88, pp. 61–63)

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
T. C. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

A Study of the Normal and Shear Stresses on a Cutting Tool

1966 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Tool Edge ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Tangential Forces ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

This paper contains an explanation for the variation of the “coefficient of friction” in metal cutting. The chip partly sticks to and partly slides over the tool and only in the latter region can friction occur. In the experiments, the contact area between the chip and the tool is controlled and the change in the size of the sticking region is observed. The ploughing force acting on the tool edge is taken into account and the force acting on the tool face is determined. It is found that the force on the tool face varies with the depth of cut and the contact length in a simple manner. From the variation of the normal and tangential forces the stress distribution on the tool face is deduced.

An Experimental Investigation of the Yield Loci of 1100-0 Aluminum, 70:30 Brass, and an Overaged 2024 Aluminum Alloy After Various Prestrains

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Helling ◽  
A. K. Miller ◽  
M. G. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Yield Locus ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
2024 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Yield Loci ◽  
Aluminum Alloy 2024 ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

The multiaxial yield behaviors of 1100-0 aluminum, 70:30 brass, and an overaged 2024 aluminum alloy (2024-T7) have been investigated for a variety of prestress histories involving combinations of normal and shear stresses. Von Mises effective prestrains were in the range of 1.2–32%. Prestress paths were chosen in order to investigate the roles of prestress and prestrain direction on the nature of small-strain offset (ε = 5 × 10−6) yield loci. Particular attention was paid to the directionality, i.e., translation and distortion, of the yield locus. A key result, which was observed in all three materials, was that the final direction of the prestrain path strongly influences the distortions of the yield loci. Differences in the yield locus behavior of the three materials were also observed: brass and the 2024-T7 alloy showed more severe distortions of the yield locus and a longer memory of their entire prestrain history than the 1100-0 aluminum. In addition, more “kinematic” translation of the subsequent yield loci was observed in brass and 2024-T7 than in 1100-0 aluminum. The 2024-T7 differed from the other materials, showing a yield locus which decreased in size subsequent to plastic straining. Finally, the implications of these observations for the constitutive modeling of multiaxial material behavior are discussed.

Computer analysis of thin-walled concrete box beams

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Mavaddat ◽  
M. Saeed Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Shear Lag ◽  
Applied Loading ◽  
Box Beam ◽  
Box Beams ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

Three computer programs, written in FORTRAN WATFIV, are developed to analyze straight, monolithically cast, symmetric concrete box beams with one, two, or three cells and side cantilevers over a simple span or over two spans with symmetric mid-span loadings. The analysis, based on Maisel's formulation, is performed in three stages. First, the structure is idealized as a beam and the normal and shear stresses are calculated using the simple bending theory and St-Venant's theory of torsion. The secondary stresses arising from torsional and distortional warping and shear lag are calculated in the second and third stages, respectively. The execution times on an AMDAHL 580 system are 0.02, 0.93, and 0.25 s for the three programs, respectively. The stresses arising in each stage of analysis are then superposed to determine the overall response of the box section to the applied loading. The results are compared with Maisel's hand calculations. Key words: bending, bimoment, box beam, computer analysis, FORTRAN, shear, shear lag, thin-walled section, torsion, torsional and distortional warping.

Measurements in a Turbulent Boundary Layer Over a d-Type Surface Roughness

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Wood ◽  
R. A. Antonia
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Turbulent Boundary Layer ◽  
Turbulent Energy ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Outer Flow ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

Mean velocity and turbulence intensity measurements have been made in a fully developed turbulent boundary layer over a d-type surface roughness. This roughness is characterised by regular two-dimensional elements of square cross section placed one element width apart, with the cavity flow between elements being essentially isolated from the outer flow. The measurements show that this boundary layer closely satisfies the requirement of exact self-preservation. Distribution across the layer of Reynolds normal and shear stresses are closely similar to those found over a smooth surface except for the region immediately above the grooves. This similarity extends to distributions of third and fourth-order moments of longitudinal and normal velocity fluctuations and also to the distribution of turbulent energy dissipation. The present results are compared with those obtained for a k-type or sand grained roughness.

scholarly journals Influence of Material Ductility on Fatigue Life under Multiaxial Proportional and Non-Proportional Normal and Shear Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 300 ◽  
pp. 17001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cetin Morris Sonsino
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Tensile Elongation ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Proportional Loading ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Material Ductility ◽  
Fatigue Life Reduction ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

Current experiences show that a non-proportional loading of ductile materials such as wrought steels, wrought aluminium or magnesium alloys, not welded or welded, causes a significant fatigue life reduction under an out-of-phase shear strain or shear stress superimposed on a normal strain or normal stress compared with proportional in-phase loading. However, when ductility, here characterised by tensile elongation, is reduced by a heat treatment or by another manufacturing technology such as casting or sintering, the afore-mentioned life reduction is compensated or even inversed, i. e. longer fatigue life results compared with proportional loading. Some actual results, determined with additive manufactured titanium, suggest that microstructural features such as manufacturing-dependent internal defects like microporosities should be considered in addition to the ductility level. This complex life behaviour under non-proportional loading cannot always be estimated. Therefore, in experimental proofs of multiaxial loaded parts, especially safety-critical components or structures, with real or service-like signals, emphasis must be placed on retaining non-proportionalities between loads and stresses/strains, respectively.

scholarly journals The elastic equilibrium of isotropic plates and cylinders

1949 ◽  
Vol 195 (1043) ◽  
pp. 533-552 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
General Solution ◽  
Power Series ◽  
Elastic Equilibrium ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Isotropic Plates ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Stress Components ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

A general solution of the elastic equations is obtained for problems of stress distributions in plates or cylinders when the bounding faces of the plates Z = ± h , or the flat ends of the cylinders, are free from applied normal and shear stresses. The solution is expressed either in the form of Fourier series in the co-ordinate Z , or in power series in Z , the coefficients of the series being certain functions of the x and y co-ordinates which are sufficient to satisfy boundary conditions over two bounding cylindrical surfaces normal to the planes Z = ± h . The form of the theory is greatly simplified by making use of complex combinations of stress components, and by using the complex variable z = x + iy . A first approximation to the part of the theory which deals with the bending of the plate yields a theory similar in character to that given recently by Reissner.

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